JP2019524231A - 空間的、時間的に重複するx線から3次元画像を再構成する方法及びシステム - Google Patents
空間的、時間的に重複するx線から3次元画像を再構成する方法及びシステム Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
図1は本開示の態様に基づく、X線撮像システム100の一例を示す。図に示すように、X線撮像システム100は、分散型発生源アレイの2つ以上のエミッタ要素など、X線放射の2つ以上の発生源110を含んでよい。
は凸結合の重み、つまり正であり合計1となる(数式8)。対数を右辺に適用すると、線形制約(数式9)、が得られ、又はAχ=bであり、ここで、bはbjのベクトルであり、Aは距離
の負の凸結合からなる行列であり(数式10)、pjは測定値jで重複するX線発生源の数を示す。Aは、連続する照射から生じる相当する線形観測行列Aの圧縮として解釈することができる(数式11、12)。上記は非線形観測の第1の線形近似を提供する。しかし、重複するX線ビーム130に沿った減衰の差に応じて、(4)の2項はこの簡約化を正当化するには違いすぎる場合がある。
0.χ=ATb,τ=I、ここで、Iはmxm単位行列である。
データ制約項でノイズを考慮すると、以下の数式26(13)の最小2乗式が誘導される。ここで正則化パラメータμ>0であり、これはスパース事前分布及びデータ忠実度項の均衡をとる。式(15)は、数式27の形の最適化問題に相当し、凸微分不可能(数式28)、凸偏微分可能(数式29)である。
(18)
1.探索方向を計算する(数式44)
2.バックトラック直線探索(数式45)
3.アップデートχ:(数式46)
4.停止基準(数式47)
Claims (19)
- X線撮像システムであって、
入射するX線に応じて信号を生成するために配置される検出器であって、前記信号が前記検出器のあるピクセルに入射する前記X線の強度を示す検出器と;
複数のX線発生源であって、前記複数のX線発生源の少なくとも2つが、関心領域(ROI)を通過し、前記検出器の前記ピクセルで空間的、時間的に重複するようなX線を放出するために配置される複数のX線発生源と;
前記検出器の前記ピクセルに入射する前記X線の強度を示す前記信号を受信し、前記検出器の前記ピクセルで重複する前記2つ以上のX線のそれぞれに起因する前記強度の推定値を生成するために配置される処理装置と、を含むX線撮像システム。 - 前記処理装置がさらに、前記検出器の前記ピクセルで重複する前記2つ以上のX線のそれぞれに起因する前記強度の1つ又は複数の推定値を用い、前記ROIの3次元表示を生成するために配置される、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記処理装置に動作可能に結合されたディスプレイをさらに含み、前記ディスプレイが、前記ROIの前記3次元表示の1つ又は複数の2次元図を表示するために配置される、請求項2に記載のシステム。
- 前記複数のX線発生源が、分散型発生源アレイの2つ以上のエミッタ要素を含む、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載のシステム。
- 前記処理装置がさらに、前記ROIを複数の3次元非重複ボクセルにボクセル化し;各前記ボクセルに起因する減衰係数を推定し;各前記ボクセルに起因する前記推定された減衰係数に基づき、前記ROIを複数の3次元非重複ボクセルに再ボクセル化するために配置される、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載のシステム。
- 前記処理装置がさらに、停止基準まで前記再ボクセル化を繰り返すために配置される、請求項5に記載のシステム。
- 前記処理装置がさらに、圧縮センシングアルゴリズムを用い、各ボクセルに起因する前記減衰係数を推定するために配置される、請求項6に記載のシステム。
- 前記圧縮センシングアルゴリズムが、前記推定された減衰係数に適用される最適化及び線形化アルゴリズム、フォワードバックワード分離アルゴリズム、又はその組合せの少なくとも1つを含む、請求項7に記載のシステム。
- 前記複数のX線発生源及び前記検出器それぞれが、前記X線発生源及び前記検出器の相対位置を決定するために配置される1つ又は複数のセンサを含む、請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載のシステム。
- 前記X線撮像システムを操作するための制御装置をさらに含み、前記制御装置が前記複数のX線発生源のサブセットを作動するために配置される、請求項1〜9のいずれかに記載のシステム。
- X線画像を再構成する方法であって、
関心領域(ROI)に送達され、前記検出器のあるピクセルで空間的、時間的に重複するようなX線を放出するために2つ以上の発生源を作動することと;
前記検出器の前記ピクセルに入射する前記重複するX線の強度を検出することと;
前記検出器の前記ピクセルに入射する前記重複するX線の総強度を用い、前記検出器の前記ピクセルで重複する前記2つ以上のX線のそれぞれに起因する前記強度の推定値を生成することと、
を含む、X線画像を再構成する方法。 - 前記検出器の前記ピクセルで重複する前記2つ以上のX線のそれぞれに起因する前記強度の1つ又は複数の推定値を利用し、前記ROIの3次元表示を生成することをさらに含む、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記ROIの前記3次元表示の1つ又は複数の2次元図を表示することをさらに含む、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記ROIを複数の3次元非重複ボクセルにボクセル化することと;各前記ボクセルに起因する減衰係数を推定することと;各前記ボクセルに起因する推定された減衰係数に基づき、前記ROIを複数の3次元非重複ボクセルに再ボクセル化することと、をさらに含む、請求項11〜13のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 停止基準まで前記再ボクセル化をさらに繰り返す、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 各ボクセルに起因する前記減衰係数を推定するために圧縮センシングアルゴリズムを用いることをさらに含む、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記圧縮センシングアルゴリズムが、最適化及び線形化アルゴリズム、フォワードバックワード分離アルゴリズム、又はその組合せの少なくとも1つを含む、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 一度に1回ずつX線を放出するために各発生源を作動する工程と、前記検出器の前記ピクセルで重複するようなX線を放出するために組の発生源を作動する工程とを含む、校正を実施することをさらに含む、請求項11〜17のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 画像取得速度、画質及びROI範囲の少なくとも1つを最適化するために、前記2つ以上の発生源を選択して作動させX線を放出することをさらに含む、請求項11〜18のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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