JP2019515052A - 化学的除神経から生じる副作用の処置 - Google Patents
化学的除神経から生じる副作用の処置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2019515052A JP2019515052A JP2019512184A JP2019512184A JP2019515052A JP 2019515052 A JP2019515052 A JP 2019515052A JP 2019512184 A JP2019512184 A JP 2019512184A JP 2019512184 A JP2019512184 A JP 2019512184A JP 2019515052 A JP2019515052 A JP 2019515052A
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2016年5月13日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/336,344号の利益を主張するものであり、それらの全体を参照により本明細書に包含させる。
本発明は一般に、有効用量の抗コリンエステラーゼを含む組成物を非応答筋に局所投与することにより神経筋伝達を回復させる方法に関する。本発明はまた、抗コリンエステラーゼを含む組成物を患者に局所投与することを含む、神経毒誘発性の筋麻痺または筋力低下を処置する方法に関する。
ボツリヌス毒素は、20を超える医学的または美容的適応症を処置するために使用されている。ボツリヌス毒素は神経インパルス「ブロッカー」である。それは神経末端に結合して、筋肉を活性化する化学伝達物質の放出を妨げる。これらの化学物質は、筋肉に収縮するように伝える脳からの「メッセージ」を運搬する。メッセージがブロックされたならば、筋肉は収縮しない。
開示された方法および材料を記載する前に、本明細書に記載の態様は特定の実施態様、装置または構成に限定されず、当然、変化し得ると理解される。本明細書で使用される用語は、特に本明細書で定義されない限り、特定の態様のみを記載することを目的とするものであり、限定することを意図しないこともまた、理解される。
YはCR3またはN+X−R4であり、ここでXはハロゲンであり;
R1は水素、C1−C6アルキル、−CO(OH)、−CO(C1−C6アルコキシ)、−CO(NH2)、−CONH(C1−C6アルキル)および−CON(C1−C6アルキル)2から選択され;
R2は水素であるか、またはR2およびR3は、一体となって場合により置換されていてよいヘテロ環を形成する原子であり;
R3はC1−C6アルキル、C1−C6アルコキシ、ヒドロキシC1−C6アルキル、アミノC1−C6アルキル、(C1−C6アルキルアミノ)C1−C6アルキル、(ジC1−C6アルキルアミノ)C1−C6アルキル、C1−C6アルコキシC1−C6アルキル、−OH、−NH2、−NH(C1−C6アルキル)、−N(C1−C6アルキル)2および−N+(C1−C6アルキル)3X−から選択され;そして
R4はC1−C6アルキル、ヒドロキシC1−C6アルキル、またはC1−C6アルコキシC1−C6アルキルから選択される〕
の化合物またはその薬学的に許容される塩である。
ボツリヌス毒素注射後の自然回復の加速における抗コリンエステラーゼの有効性を示すために、Moonらにより説明されるラットモデル(Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (2015) 37:46)を採用した。この場合、ボツリヌス毒素をラットの咬筋に注射し、食餌摂取におけるその後の変化をモニタリングした。試験の目的は、ボツリヌス神経毒を用いてラットの顎筋における麻痺を引き起こすことであった。これは食餌摂取に否定的な影響を与えると考えられ、その後の回復プロセスを加速させる抗コリンエステラーゼの同等な注射の能力を試験した。
図2に示すように、BOTOXのみ(すなわち、抗コリンエステラーゼ未処置)のラットは、37日後でも100%の回復に達しない。これは、神経毒が患者において90日を超えて継続し得るという点で、製造者による添付文書における報告期間と一致する。しかしながら、わずか10日でほぼ完全に自然回復したMoonらにより示された結果と一致しない。結果の差異についての理由は使用される神経毒の異なる生物学的効力によるものであると考えられる。BOTOXは材料と方法では特に言及されていない。種々のA型ボツリヌス毒素の製造者間の効力は同等ではなく、これは文献および種々の製造者の添付文書の下で明確に特定されている。
先に説明したように、自然回復/逆転の加速は神経接合部のアセチルコリンの存在に依存する。抗コリンエステラーゼはアセチルコリンをその塩基単位、コリンおよび酢酸に分解し、酵素コリンエステラーゼの活性を阻害するように作用する。アセチルコリンは通常、シナプスに取り込まれ、コリンの再処理により再生成する。
図3に示すように、2日、7日、9日、11日および14日にラットにRegonol(登録商標)(ピリドスチグミンブロマイド)を注射した。Regonol(登録商標)の用量は特定の日にラットの咬筋の側あたり0.5mg、100μl注射した。食餌摂取の平均相対的増加は、6日間の期間経過後の注射後に収集されたデータに基づいて26.3%であった。
抗コリンエステラーゼの投与から観察され得るムスカリン副作用の中には、悪心、嘔吐および下痢が存在する。Sprague Dawleyラットにおけるピリドスチグミンについての毒性試験において、ピリドスチグミン誘発性の毒性の徴候は眼漏、鼻汁、活動性低下、衰弱、運動失調、下痢、猫背、痩せた外見および死亡を含んだ(Battelle, Preclinical Toxicology of New Drugs, Report 8740-86-2, April 4, 1986, J. G Gage Principle Investigator)。結果として、本実施例におけるラットを病的影響の徴候についてモニタリングした。開示の方法により処置したラットは副作用を示さなかった。
ヒト対象において、部分化学的除神経の状態の救助または回復は、より迅速な応答を示すと予想される。先に説明したように、天然に存在するアセチルコリンは神経伝達を確立するための前駆体である。副作用の発生はオフターゲット効果をもたらす毒素の拡散の結果生じることが知られている。これは、完全な筋不動または筋麻痺と比較して、オフターゲットの筋弛緩(部分化学的除神経)に起因する可能性が最も高い。神経毒誘発性麻痺に対する用量応答プロファイルに対して低い感受性を示す齧歯類食餌摂取モデルに基づいて、当業者はヒトモデルにおける結果がより顕著であると予想する。これはヒトにおける神経毒の美容および医療使用の両方における実際の状態が、特に副作用の兆候における完全な不動状態に達すると予想されないからである。これは完全な除神経とは対照的に部分的除神経の存在を与える。また、ヒトモデルは咀嚼を必要としない。齧歯類食餌摂取モデルにおいて、咀嚼は複雑なプロセスであり、運動機能の駆動における多くの因子により影響を受け得る。結果として、部分化学的除神経の状態は達成できない。アセチルコリンは神経発芽の開始まで利用できないため、この制限は応答の遅れをもたらす。
Claims (20)
- 有効用量の抗コリンエステラーゼを含む組成物を、先に神経毒に曝露されている非応答筋に局所投与することにより神経伝達を回復させる方法。
- 神経毒がボツリヌス毒素を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ボツリヌス毒素がA型ボツリヌス毒素である、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 抗コリンエステラーゼを含む組成物を患者に局所投与することを含む、ボツリヌス毒素誘発性筋麻痺または筋力低下を処置する方法。
- ボツリヌス毒素がA型ボツリヌス毒素である、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 抗コリンエステラーゼがカルバメート、三級アンモニウムおよび四級アンモニウムから選択される群の1以上を有する可逆性抗コリンエステラーゼである、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 抗コリンエステラーゼがネオスチグミン、エドロホニウム、ピリドスチグミン、フィゾスチグミン、リバスチグミン、ドネペジル、ガランタミンおよびそれらの組合せの1以上から選択される、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 抗コリンエステラーゼがピリドスチグミンである、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 抗コリンエステラーゼが式:
YはCR3またはN+XーR4であり、ここでXはハロゲンであり;
R1は水素、C1−C6アルキル、−CO(OH)、−CO(C1−C6アルコキシ)、−CO(NH2)、−CONH(C1−C6アルキル)、および−CON(C1−C6アルキル)2から選択され;
R2は水素であるか、またはR2およびR3は、結合する原子と一体となって、場合により置換されていてよいヘテロ感を形成し;
R3はC1−C6アルキル、C1−C6アルコキシ、ヒドロキシC1−C6アルキル、アミノC1−C6アルキル、(C1−C6アルキルアミノ)C1−C6アルキル、(ジC1−C6アルキルアミノ)C1−C6アルキル、C1−C6アルコキシC1−C6アルキル、−OH、−NH2、−NH(C1−C6アルキル)、−N(C1−C6アルキル)2および−N+(C1−C6アルキル)3Xーから選択され;そして
R4はC1−C6アルキル、ヒドロキシC1−C6アルキルまたはC1−C6アルコキシC1−C6アルキルから選択される〕
の化合物または薬学的に許容されるその塩である、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。 - 罹患した筋肉に直接的に投与する、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 組成物が非経腸的に(例えば、筋肉内投与により)投与される請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 組成物が経皮的に(例えば、局所またはパッチ)投与される、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 経皮投与が経皮パッチまたは経皮ゲルである、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 組成物が徐放性組成物である、請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 放出が1日、7日または30日の期間またはこれらのいずれかの組合せに亘る、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 単相ゲル組成物が20〜80重量%のリン脂質および0.1%〜65%重量%の水をさらに含む、請求項1〜15のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- ゲル組成物が約30ゲージ〜約33ゲージを有する針を通して押し出すことができる、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 約0.05〜0.5mg/kg、または約0.15〜0.25mg/kgの用量で、または約0.2mg/kgの用量で投与される、請求項1〜17のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 抗コリンエステラーゼが低用量で投与される、請求項1〜18のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 抗コリンエステラーゼの該経口または静脈内使用のために投与するとき、低用量が抗コリンエステラーゼの臨床的用量の約4/5〜1/50である、請求項19に記載の方法。
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WO2009036235A2 (en) * | 2007-09-12 | 2009-03-19 | Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties, Inc. | Insecticidal carbamates exhibiting species-selective inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (ache) |
CN101386818B (zh) * | 2008-07-29 | 2011-01-19 | 中山大学 | 一种海洋真菌培养物的提取物及其制备方法和应用 |
US8946166B2 (en) * | 2009-07-24 | 2015-02-03 | Lipotec, S.A. | Peptide-based compounds and compositions which inhibit muscle contraction |
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US11129822B2 (en) | 2021-09-28 |
KR20220063197A (ko) | 2022-05-17 |
CA3023408A1 (en) | 2017-11-16 |
JP2022088660A (ja) | 2022-06-14 |
CN109414434A (zh) | 2019-03-01 |
EP3454855B1 (en) | 2023-12-20 |
EP3454855A1 (en) | 2019-03-20 |
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