JP2019514047A - 切り替え可能な窓又は類似の窓に用いるための低ヘイズの切換可能な液晶装置 - Google Patents
切り替え可能な窓又は類似の窓に用いるための低ヘイズの切換可能な液晶装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2019514047A JP2019514047A JP2018549505A JP2018549505A JP2019514047A JP 2019514047 A JP2019514047 A JP 2019514047A JP 2018549505 A JP2018549505 A JP 2018549505A JP 2018549505 A JP2018549505 A JP 2018549505A JP 2019514047 A JP2019514047 A JP 2019514047A
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- electro
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- liquid crystal
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- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- SRJLZDPWUSOULH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-fluoro-4-(4-propylcyclohexyl)-1-[4-(4-propylcyclohexyl)phenyl]benzene Chemical group C1CC(CCC)CCC1C1=CC=C(C=2C(=CC(=CC=2)C2CCC(CCC)CC2)F)C=C1 SRJLZDPWUSOULH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZGOWXOZNUNZPAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-heptylphenyl)benzonitrile Chemical group C1=CC(CCCCCCC)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C#N)C=C1 ZGOWXOZNUNZPAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AITQOXOBSMXBRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-(4-pentylphenyl)phenyl]benzonitrile Chemical group C1=CC(CCCCC)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)C#N)C=C1 AITQOXOBSMXBRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HHPCNRKYVYWYAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl Chemical group C1=CC(CCCCC)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C#N)C=C1 HHPCNRKYVYWYAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
- E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
- E06B3/6608—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together without separate spacing elements
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
- E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
- E06B3/67—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light
- E06B3/6715—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light specially adapted for increased thermal insulation or for controlled passage of light
- E06B3/6722—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light specially adapted for increased thermal insulation or for controlled passage of light with adjustable passage of light
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
- E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
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- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/133377—Cells with plural compartments or having plurality of liquid crystal microcells partitioned by walls, e.g. one microcell per pixel
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- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
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- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1334—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods based on polymer dispersed liquid crystals, e.g. microencapsulated liquid crystals
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
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- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1334—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods based on polymer dispersed liquid crystals, e.g. microencapsulated liquid crystals
- G02F1/13345—Network or three-dimensional gels
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- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/13718—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on a change of the texture state of a cholesteric liquid crystal
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- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/13756—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering the liquid crystal selectively assuming a light-scattering state
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2016年3月23日に米国特許商標庁に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/312,118号に基づく優先権を主張し、その内容はその全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
[発明の分野]
、及び観察者からの距離rを有する窓の小さなファセットに対する立体角を次の式のように近似してもよい。
2Δnind=ne(E)−no(E)=λKE(3)
λは波長、Kはカー定数、Eは電界の振幅である。
Claims (78)
- 切り替え可能な窓であって、
第1及び第2の透明導電性電極を各々支持する第1及び第2の透明基板と、
結合高分子系マトリックス中に分散された複数のマイクロセルコアを含む電気光学層とを含み、前記マイクロセルコアは、各々高分子含有シェルにカプセル化した高分子安定化高キラル液晶を含み、
前記電気光学層は、前記第1の基板と前記第2の基板との間に、及び前記第1の透明導電性電極と前記第2の透明導電性電極との間に挟まれている、切り替え可能な窓。 - 前記高分子安定化高キラル液晶が、キラルドーパントでドープされたネマチック液晶を含む、請求項1に記載の切り替え可能な窓。
- 前記キラルドーパントは、互いに異なるねじれを提供するように、互いに異なるそれぞれのねじれを有する第1及び第2の異なるキラルドーパントを含む、請求項2に記載の切り替え可能な窓。
- 前記液晶は、二重ねじれ円筒を形成する、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の切り替え可能な窓。
- 複数の二重ねじれ円筒がマトリクス構造で配置されている、請求項4に記載の切換可能な窓。
- 前記マイクロセルコアは、各々マトリクス構造に配置された複数の二重ねじれ円筒を含むブルー相の液晶を含む、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の切替可能な窓。
- 前記切り替え可能な窓は、前記第1の透明電極と前記第2の透明電極との間に電界を形成し、前記電界によって、前記高分子安定化高キラル液晶を整列させ、前記り替え可能な窓が実質的に透明であるオン状態にあるように構成される、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の切替可能な窓。
- 前記透過状態における前記切換可能な窓のヘイズ値は、垂直視野角から45度の視野角において6%以下である、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の切換え可能な窓。
- 前記透過状態における前記切換可能な窓のヘイズ値は、垂直視野角から45度の視野角において4%以下である、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の切換え可能な窓。
- 前記透過状態における前記切換可能な窓のヘイズ値は、垂直視野角から45度の視野角において3%以下である、請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の切換え可能な窓。
- 前記透過状態における前記切換可能な窓のヘイズ値が、垂直視野角から45度の視野角において2%以下である、請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の切換え可能な窓。
- 前記透過状態における前記切換可能な窓のヘイズ値は、垂直視野角から60度の視野角において6%以下である、請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載の切換え可能な窓。
- 前記透過状態における前記切換可能な窓のヘイズ値は、垂直視野角から60度の視野角において4%以下である、請求項1〜12のいずれか1項に記載の切換え可能な窓。
- 前記透過状態における前記切換可能な窓のヘイズ値が、垂直視野角から60度の視野角において3%以下である、請求項1〜13のいずれか1項に記載の切換え可能な窓。
- 前記透過状態における前記切換可能な窓のヘイズ値は、垂直視野角から60度の視野角において2%以下である、請求項1〜14のいずれか1項に記載の切換え可能な窓。
- 前記電気光学層がオフ状態にある場合の非透過状態における前記切替可能な窓のヘイズ値は、実質的に全ての視野角において少なくとも90%である、請求項1〜15のいずれか1項に記載の切替可能な窓。
- 非透過状態における前記切換可能な窓のヘイズ値が、実質的に全ての視野角において少なくとも95%である、請求項1〜16のいずれか1項に記載の切換え可能な窓。
- 非透過状態における前記切換可能な窓のヘイズ値は、実質的に全ての視野角において100%±3%の範囲内である、請求項1〜17のいずれか1項に記載の切換え可能な窓。
- 前記高分子含有シェルが実質的に球状である、請求項1〜18のいずれか1項に記載の切り替え可能な窓。
- 前記高分子含有シェルの厚さは、0.25〜1μmの範囲内である、請求項1〜19のいずれか1項に記載の切り替え可能な窓。
- 前記高分子含有シェルにカプセル化した前記液晶材料の直径は、1〜10μmの範囲内である、請求項1〜20のいずれか1項に記載の切り替え可能な窓。
- 前記第1及び第2の透明基板は、ガラス基板である、請求項1〜21のいずれか1項に記載の切換可能な窓。
- 前記第1及び第2の透明基板が各々PETを含む、請求項1〜22のいずれか1項に記載の切り替え可能な窓。
- 前記電気光学層が異方性ゲルである、請求項1〜23のいずれか1項に記載の切り替え可能な窓。
- 前記窓は、前記電気光学層が前記透過状態にある場合、少なくとも60%の可視光透過率を有する、請求項1〜24のいずれか1項に記載の切替可能な窓。
- 前記窓は、前記電気光学層が前記透過状態にある場合、少なくとも70%の可視光透過率を有する、請求項1〜25のいずれか1項に記載の切替可能な窓。
- 前記電気光学層が異方性ゲルであり、前記異方性ゲル中の高分子/LCの比が約10〜30%である、請求項1〜26のいずれか1項に記載の切り替え可能な窓。
- 前記電気光学層中の高分子分布は均一ではなく、前記第1の電極と第2の電極との間の中間面において高分子の比率が液晶に比べてより高く、電極に近い高分子の比率は液晶に比べてより低い、請求項1〜27のいずれか1項に記載の切り替え可能な窓。
- 前記電気光学層はオン状態にある場合の0〜80度の全ての入射角について、np<nc<nsであり、ここで、np、nc及びnsは、各々、高分子、コア及びシェルの有効屈折率である、請求項1〜28のいずれか1項に記載の切り替え可能な窓。
- 前記高分子含有シェルがメソゲン性である、請求項1〜29のいずれか1項に記載の切り替え可能な窓。
- 前記高分子含有シェルは、前記高分子と前記液晶との混合物を含む、請求項1〜30のいずれか1項に記載の切り替え可能な窓。
- 前記第1の基板は、前記第1の透明導電性電極と、シリコン酸化物及び/又はシリコンオキシ窒化物を含む第1の誘電体層とを支持し、前記シリコン酸化物及び/又はシリコンオキシ窒化物を含む第1の誘電体層は、前記電気光学層と前記第1の透明導電性電極との間に接触して位置する、請求項1〜31のいずれか1項に記載の切り替え可能な窓。
- 前記第2の基板は、前記第2の透明導電性電極と、シリコン酸化物及び/又はシリコンオキシ窒化物を含む第2の誘電体層とを支持し、前記シリコン酸化物及び/又はシリコンオキシ窒化物を含む第2の誘電体層は、前記電気光学層と前記第2の透明導電性電極との間に接触して位置する、請求項1〜32のいずれか1項に記載の切り替え可能な窓。
- 前記電気光学層はオン状態にある場合、0〜80度の全ての入射角についてnp<nc<nsであり、ここでnp、nc及びnsが各々、前記高分子、コア及びシェルの有効屈折率であり、前記オン状態における0〜80度の全ての入射角において、nsは1.62〜1.71である、請求項1〜33のいずれか1項に記載の切り替え可能な窓。
- 前記電気光学層はオン状態にある場合、0〜80度の全ての入射角についてnp<nc<nsであり、ここでnp、nc及びnsが各々、前記高分子、コア及びシェルの有効屈折率であり、前記オン状態における0〜80度の全ての入射角において、nsは1.63〜1.69である、請求項1〜34のいずれか1項に記載の切り替え可能な窓。
- 前記電気光学層はオン状態にある場合、0〜80度の全ての入射角についてnp<nc<nsであり、ここでnp、nc及びnsが各々、前記高分子、コア及びシェルの有効屈折率であり、前記オン状態における0〜80度の全ての入射角において、ncは1.57〜1.66である、請求項1〜35のいずれか1項に記載の切り替え可能な窓。
- 前記電気光学層はオン状態にある場合、0〜80度の全ての入射角についてnp<nc<nsであり、ここで、np、nc及びnsが各々、前記高分子、コア及びシェルの有効屈折率であり、前記オン状態における0〜80度の全ての入射角において、ncは1.58〜1.64である、請求項1〜36のいずれか1項に記載の切り替え可能な窓。
- 前記電気光学層はオン状態にある場合、0〜80度の全ての入射角についてnp<nc<nsであり、ここでnp、nc及びnsが各々、前記高分子、コア及びシェルの有効屈折率であり、前記オン状態における0〜80度の全ての入射角において、npは1.52〜1.60である、請求項1〜37のいずれか1項に記載の切り替え可能な窓。
- 前記電気光学層はオン状態にある場合、0〜80度の全ての入射角についてnp<nc<nsであり、ここでnp、nc及びnsが各々、前記高分子、コア及びシェルの有効屈折率であり、前記オン状態における0〜80度の全ての入射角において、npは1.52〜1.59である、請求項1〜38のいずれか1項に記載の切り替え可能な窓。
- nsは、前記電気光学層がオン状態にある場合の前記シェルの有効屈折率であり、前記電気光学層のオン状態における0〜80度の範囲の入射角に亘って、nsは0.1より大きく変化しない請求項1〜39のいずれか1項に記載の切り替え可能な窓。
- nsは、前記電気光学層がオン状態にある場合の前記シェルの有効屈折率であり、前記電気光学層のオン状態における0〜80度の範囲の入射角に亘って、nsは0.05より大きく変化しない、請求項1〜40のいずれか1項に記載の切り替え可能な窓。
- nsは、前記電気光学層がオン状態にある場合の前記シェルの有効屈折率であり、前記電気光学層のオン状態における0〜80度の範囲の入射角に亘って、nsは0.04より大きく変化しない、請求項1〜41のいずれか1項に記載の切り替え可能な窓。
- ncは、前記電気光学層がオン状態にある場合の前記コアの有効屈折率であり、前記電気光学層のオン状態における0〜80度の範囲の入射角に亘って、ncは0.05より大きく変化しない、請求項1〜42のいずれか1項に記載の切り替え可能な窓。
- ncは、前記電気光学層がオン状態にある場合の前記コアの有効屈折率であり、 前記電気光学層のオン状態における0〜80度の範囲の入射角に亘って、ncは0.03より大きく変化しない、請求項1〜43のいずれか1項に記載の切り替え可能な窓。
- npは、前記電気光学層がオン状態にある場合の前記高分子の有効屈折率であり、前記電気光学層のオン状態における0〜80度の範囲の入射角に亘って、npは0.05より大きく変化しない、請求項1〜44のいずれか1項に記載の切り替え可能な窓。
- npは、前記電気光学層がオン状態にある場合の高分子の有効屈折率であり、前記電気光学層のオン状態における入射角が0〜80度の範囲の入射角に亘って、npは0.03より大きく変化しない、請求項1〜45のいずれか1項に記載の切り替え可能な窓。
- 切り換え可能な窓であって、
第1及び第2の透明導電性電極を各々支持する第1及び第2の透明基板と、
結合高分子系のマトリックス中に分散された複数のコアを含む異方性ゲル電気光学層とを含み、前記コアが各々高分子含有シェルにカプセル化したキラルにドープされた液晶を含み、
前記異方性ゲル電気光学層は、前記第1の基板と前記第2の基板との間に、及び前記第1の透明導電性電極と前記第2の透明導電性電極との間に挟まれ、
前記切り換え可能な窓は、前記第1の透明導電性電極と前記第2の透明導電性電極との間に電界を形成し、前記電界によって前記液晶を実質的に整列させて、前記異方性ゲル電気光学層を、前記切り換え可能な窓が実質的に透明である透過のオン状態にあるように構成され、
前記オン状態における0〜80度の全ての入射角についてnp<nc<nsであり、ここで、np、nc及びnsが各々、前記高分子、コア及びシェルの有効屈折率であり、
前記電気光学層のオン状態における0〜80度の範囲の入射角に亘って、np、nc、nsは、0.1より大きく変化しない、切り換え可能な窓。 - 前記異方性ゲル電気光学層中のキラルドーパントは、異なるねじれを提供するように、異なるそれぞれのねじれを有する第1及び第2の異なるキラルドーパントを含む、請求項47に記載の切り替え可能な窓。
- 前記透過状態における前記切換可能な窓のヘイズ値は、垂直視野角から45度の視野角において6%以下である、請求項47〜48のいずれか1項に記載の切換え可能な窓。
- 前記透過状態における前記切換可能な窓のヘイズ値が、垂直視野角から45度の視野角において4%以下である、請求項47〜49のいずれか1項に記載の切換え可能な窓。
- 前記透過状態における前記切換可能な窓のヘイズ値は、垂直視野角から60度の視野角において6%以下である、請求項47〜50のいずれか1項に記載の切換え可能な窓。
- 前記透過状態における前記切換可能な窓のヘイズ値は、垂直視野角から60度の視野角において4%以下である、請求項47〜51のいずれか1項に記載の切換え可能な窓。
- 非透過状態における前記切換可能な窓のヘイズ値は、実質的に全ての視野角において少なくとも90%である、請求項47〜52のいずれか1項に記載の切換え可能な窓。
- 前記第1及び第2の透明基板がガラス基板である、請求項47〜53のいずれか1項に記載の切換可能な窓。
- 前記第1及び第2の透明基板が各々PETを含む、請求項47〜53のいずれか1項に記載の切り替え可能な窓。
- 前記異方性ゲル中の高分子/液晶の比が約10〜30%である、請求項47〜55のいずれか1項に記載の切り替え可能な窓。
- 前記異方性ゲル電気光学層中の高分子分布が均一ではなく、前記第1の電極と第2の電極との間の中間面において高分子の比率が液晶に比べて大きく、電極に近い高分子の比率は液晶に比べて少ない、請求項47〜56のいずれか1項に記載の切り替え可能な窓。
- 前記高分子含有シェルは、前記高分子と前記液晶との混合物を含む、請求項47〜57のいずれか1項に記載の切り替え可能な窓。
- 前記第1の基板は、前記第1の透明導電性電極と、シリコン酸化物及び/又はシリコンオキシ窒化物を含む第1の誘電体層とを支持し、前記シリコン酸化物及び/又はシリコンオキシ窒化物を含む第1の誘電体層は、前記異方性ゲル電気光学層と第1の透明導電性電極との間に接触して位置する、請求項47〜58のいずれか1項に記載の切り替え可能な窓。
- 前記オン状態における0〜80度の全ての入射角において、nsは、1.62〜1.71である、請求項47〜59のいずれか1項に記載の切り替え可能な窓。
- 前記オン状態における0〜80度の全ての入射角において、ncが1.57〜1.66である、請求項47〜60のいずれか1項に記載の切り替え可能な窓。
- 前記オン状態における0〜80度の全ての入射角において、npが1.52〜1.60である、請求項47〜61のいずれか1項に記載の切り替え可能な窓。
- 前記電気光学層のオン状態における0〜80度の範囲の入射角に亘って、nsが0.05より大きく変化しない、請求項47〜62のいずれか1項に記載の切り替え可能な窓。
- 前記電気光学層のオン状態における0〜80度の範囲の入射角に亘って、ncが0.05より大きく変化しない、請求項47〜63のいずれか1項に記載の切り替え可能な窓。
- 前記電気光学層のオン状態における0〜80度の範囲の入射角に亘って、npが0.05より大きく変化しない、請求項47〜64のいずれか1項に記載の切り替え可能な窓。
- 前記異方性ゲル電気光学層が約9〜17μmの厚さである、請求項47〜65のいずれか1項に記載の切換可能な窓。
- 異方性又は実質的に異方性の電気光学ゲルであって、
高分子マトリックス中に分散されている複数のマイクロセルを含み、前記マイクロセルは、各々異種又は実質的に異方性の電気光学ゲルを形成するために高分子含有シェルにカプセル化した高分子安定化高キラル液晶材料を含む、電気光学ゲル。 - 前記高分子含有シェルが実質的に球状である、請求項67に記載の電気光学材料。
- 前記高分子含有シェルの厚さが0.25〜1μmの範囲内である、請求項67〜68のいずれか1項に記載の電気光学材料。
- 前記高分子含有シェルにカプセル化した液晶材料の直径が1〜10μmの範囲内である、請求項67〜69のいずれか1項に記載の電気光学材料。
- 前記液晶材料が、マトリクス状に配置してなる複数の二重ねじれ液晶円筒を含むブルー相液晶材料を含む、請求項67〜70のいずれか1項に記載の電気光学材料。
- 前記電気光学材料は、電界の存在下で整列を変化させ、そこを通る光の透過を可能にするように構成されている、請求項67〜71のいずれか1項に記載の電気光学材料。
- 前記高分子含有シェルがメソゲン性高分子を含む、請求項67〜72のいずれか1項に記載の電気光学材料。
- 前記電気光学材料が膜の形態である、請求項67〜73のいずれか1項に記載の電気光学材料。
- 異方性ゲルを含む電気光学材料を製造する方法であって、
所定量の少なくとも1つの単量体を、所定量の光開始剤と混合することによって単量体と光開始剤の溶液を調製する工程と、
ネマチック液晶溶液を、キラルドーパントと混合してキラルにドープされた液晶溶液を調製する工程と、
前記キラルにドープされた液晶溶液を、前記単量体と光開始剤の溶液と混合する工程と、
前記単量体と光開始剤の溶液とキラルにドープされた液晶溶液との混合物をインキュベートする工程と、
前記異方性ゲルを形成するためにインキュベートした混合物を冷却する工程と、を含む方法。 - 前記キラルドーパントが、第1のキラルドーパントと第2のキラルドーパントとを含み、前記第1及び第2のキラルドーパントは、異なるキラリティを有する、請求項75に記載の方法。
- 前記インキュベートした混合物を冷却する工程が下降冷却を含む、請求項75〜76のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 2つの透明基板間の隙間を前記電気光学材料で充填する工程と、
紫外線を用いて前記2つの透明基板の間に配置された前記電気光学材料を硬化させる工程をさらに含む、請求項75〜77のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
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