JP2019513760A - 胆汁うっ滞性及び線維性の疾患の処置方法 - Google Patents
胆汁うっ滞性及び線維性の疾患の処置方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2019513760A JP2019513760A JP2018553087A JP2018553087A JP2019513760A JP 2019513760 A JP2019513760 A JP 2019513760A JP 2018553087 A JP2018553087 A JP 2018553087A JP 2018553087 A JP2018553087 A JP 2018553087A JP 2019513760 A JP2019513760 A JP 2019513760A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- ntz
- fibrosis
- fibrotic
- synergistic combination
- statin
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 230000003176 fibrotic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 230000001587 cholestatic effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 30
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 title abstract description 31
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000011885 synergistic combination Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- YQNQNVDNTFHQSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid [2-[[(5-nitro-2-thiazolyl)amino]-oxomethyl]phenyl] ester Chemical compound CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)NC1=NC=C([N+]([O-])=O)S1 YQNQNVDNTFHQSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 142
- 229960002480 nitazoxanide Drugs 0.000 claims description 131
- 229940121710 HMGCoA reductase inhibitor Drugs 0.000 claims description 100
- FDTZUTSGGSRHQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Desacetyl-nitazoxanide Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)NC1=NC=C([N+]([O-])=O)S1 FDTZUTSGGSRHQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 70
- 206010016654 Fibrosis Diseases 0.000 claims description 45
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 45
- 230000004761 fibrosis Effects 0.000 claims description 43
- 208000035475 disorder Diseases 0.000 claims description 41
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 32
- -1 NTZ-D Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 31
- RYMZZMVNJRMUDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N SJ000286063 Natural products C12C(OC(=O)C(C)(C)CC)CC(C)C=C2C=CC(C)C1CCC1CC(O)CC(=O)O1 RYMZZMVNJRMUDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 229960002855 simvastatin Drugs 0.000 claims description 30
- RYMZZMVNJRMUDD-HGQWONQESA-N simvastatin Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@@H](C)C=CC2=C[C@H](C)C[C@@H]([C@H]12)OC(=O)C(C)(C)CC)C[C@@H]1C[C@@H](O)CC(=O)O1 RYMZZMVNJRMUDD-HGQWONQESA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- ZGGHKIMDNBDHJB-NRFPMOEYSA-M (3R,5S)-fluvastatin sodium Chemical compound [Na+].C12=CC=CC=C2N(C(C)C)C(\C=C\[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)CC([O-])=O)=C1C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 ZGGHKIMDNBDHJB-NRFPMOEYSA-M 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000003510 anti-fibrotic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 29
- 229960003765 fluvastatin Drugs 0.000 claims description 29
- 229960002797 pitavastatin Drugs 0.000 claims description 26
- VGYFMXBACGZSIL-MCBHFWOFSA-N pitavastatin Chemical compound OC(=O)C[C@H](O)C[C@H](O)\C=C\C1=C(C2CC2)N=C2C=CC=CC2=C1C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 VGYFMXBACGZSIL-MCBHFWOFSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 102000004887 Transforming Growth Factor beta Human genes 0.000 claims description 23
- 108090001012 Transforming Growth Factor beta Proteins 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- XUKUURHRXDUEBC-KAYWLYCHSA-N Atorvastatin Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C1=C(C=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)N(CC[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O)C(C(C)C)=C1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 XUKUURHRXDUEBC-KAYWLYCHSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- XUKUURHRXDUEBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atorvastatin Natural products C=1C=CC=CC=1C1=C(C=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)N(CCC(O)CC(O)CC(O)=O)C(C(C)C)=C1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 XUKUURHRXDUEBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229960005370 atorvastatin Drugs 0.000 claims description 20
- UJTOVSZPBVTOMC-QKZHPOIUSA-N Tizoxanide glucuronide Chemical compound O1[C@H](C(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1OC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)NC1=NC=C([N+]([O-])=O)S1 UJTOVSZPBVTOMC-QKZHPOIUSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 208000008439 Biliary Liver Cirrhosis Diseases 0.000 claims description 17
- 208000012654 Primary biliary cholangitis Diseases 0.000 claims description 17
- TUZYXOIXSAXUGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pravastatin Natural products C1=CC(C)C(CCC(O)CC(O)CC(O)=O)C2C(OC(=O)C(C)CC)CC(O)C=C21 TUZYXOIXSAXUGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229960002965 pravastatin Drugs 0.000 claims description 16
- TUZYXOIXSAXUGO-PZAWKZKUSA-N pravastatin Chemical compound C1=C[C@H](C)[C@H](CC[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O)[C@H]2[C@@H](OC(=O)[C@@H](C)CC)C[C@H](O)C=C21 TUZYXOIXSAXUGO-PZAWKZKUSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- PCZOHLXUXFIOCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Monacolin X Natural products C12C(OC(=O)C(C)CC)CC(C)C=C2C=CC(C)C1CCC1CC(O)CC(=O)O1 PCZOHLXUXFIOCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 claims description 15
- 229960004844 lovastatin Drugs 0.000 claims description 15
- PCZOHLXUXFIOCF-BXMDZJJMSA-N lovastatin Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@@H](C)C=CC2=C[C@H](C)C[C@@H]([C@H]12)OC(=O)[C@@H](C)CC)C[C@@H]1C[C@@H](O)CC(=O)O1 PCZOHLXUXFIOCF-BXMDZJJMSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- QLJODMDSTUBWDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lovastatin hydroxy acid Natural products C1=CC(C)C(CCC(O)CC(O)CC(O)=O)C2C(OC(=O)C(C)CC)CC(C)C=C21 QLJODMDSTUBWDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 208000019425 cirrhosis of liver Diseases 0.000 claims description 14
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 claims description 14
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 210000000936 intestine Anatomy 0.000 claims description 13
- 229960000672 rosuvastatin Drugs 0.000 claims description 12
- BPRHUIZQVSMCRT-VEUZHWNKSA-N rosuvastatin Chemical compound CC(C)C1=NC(N(C)S(C)(=O)=O)=NC(C=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)=C1\C=C\[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BPRHUIZQVSMCRT-VEUZHWNKSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 102000004127 Cytokines Human genes 0.000 claims description 11
- 108090000695 Cytokines Proteins 0.000 claims description 11
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 11
- 208000010157 sclerosing cholangitis Diseases 0.000 claims description 11
- 208000003167 cholangitis Diseases 0.000 claims description 10
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 claims description 10
- 206010008635 Cholestasis Diseases 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 9
- 210000002216 heart Anatomy 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 claims description 9
- 210000003491 skin Anatomy 0.000 claims description 9
- 102000005862 Angiotensin II Human genes 0.000 claims description 8
- 101800000733 Angiotensin-2 Proteins 0.000 claims description 8
- CZGUSIXMZVURDU-JZXHSEFVSA-N Ile(5)-angiotensin II Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1NC=NC=1)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C([O-])=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=[NH2+])NC(=O)[C@@H]([NH3+])CC([O-])=O)C(C)C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 CZGUSIXMZVURDU-JZXHSEFVSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229950006323 angiotensin ii Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 210000001185 bone marrow Anatomy 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000007870 cholestasis Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 231100000359 cholestasis Toxicity 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 208000008338 non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 8
- 208000005069 pulmonary fibrosis Diseases 0.000 claims description 8
- 102000005962 receptors Human genes 0.000 claims description 8
- 108020003175 receptors Proteins 0.000 claims description 8
- 210000004872 soft tissue Anatomy 0.000 claims description 8
- 102000013446 GTP Phosphohydrolases Human genes 0.000 claims description 7
- 108091006109 GTPases Proteins 0.000 claims description 7
- 210000000013 bile duct Anatomy 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001684 chronic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 102000006495 integrins Human genes 0.000 claims description 7
- 108010044426 integrins Proteins 0.000 claims description 7
- 206010053219 non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Diseases 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000770 proinflammatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000019491 signal transduction Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- ZRKFYGHZFMAOKI-QMGMOQQFSA-N tgfbeta Chemical compound C([C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCSC)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(O)=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 ZRKFYGHZFMAOKI-QMGMOQQFSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 102100026802 72 kDa type IV collagenase Human genes 0.000 claims description 6
- 208000006545 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 101000627872 Homo sapiens 72 kDa type IV collagenase Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 101000990902 Homo sapiens Matrix metalloproteinase-9 Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 102100030412 Matrix metalloproteinase-9 Human genes 0.000 claims description 6
- 102100036034 Thrombospondin-1 Human genes 0.000 claims description 6
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000001370 mediastinum Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000000813 small intestine Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 206010010317 Congenital absence of bile ducts Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 101000659879 Homo sapiens Thrombospondin-1 Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001919 adrenal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 201000005271 biliary atresia Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000000845 cartilage Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000001072 colon Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000003038 endothelium Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000002615 epidermis Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000000653 nervous system Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000001672 ovary Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000000496 pancreas Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000002435 tendon Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000001550 testis Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000004291 uterus Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 108010059616 Activins Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- MLDQJTXFUGDVEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N BAY-43-9006 Chemical compound C1=NC(C(=O)NC)=CC(OC=2C=CC(NC(=O)NC=3C=C(C(Cl)=CC=3)C(F)(F)F)=CC=2)=C1 MLDQJTXFUGDVEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 102100031168 CCN family member 2 Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 101000777550 Homo sapiens CCN family member 2 Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000005856 Inhibitory Smad Proteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010005239 Inhibitory Smad Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005511 L01XE05 - Sorafenib Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 108091054455 MAP kinase family Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000043136 MAP kinase family Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 102100026888 Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000005650 Notch Receptors Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010070047 Notch Receptors Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 201000002150 Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 102100033456 TGF-beta receptor type-1 Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 101710084191 TGF-beta receptor type-1 Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000488 activin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000001367 artery Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005556 hormone Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940088597 hormone Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000893 inhibin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ZPNFWUPYTFPOJU-LPYSRVMUSA-N iniprol Chemical compound C([C@H]1C(=O)NCC(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H]2CSSC[C@H]3C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@H](C(N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=4C=CC(O)=CC=4)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=4C=CC=CC=4)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=4C=CC(O)=CC=4)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CSSC[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=4C=CC=CC=4)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC2=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CSSC[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC=2C=CC=CC=2)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H]2N(CCC2)C(=O)[C@@H](N)CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N2[C@@H](CCC2)C(=O)N2[C@@H](CCC2)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)NCC(=O)N2[C@@H](CCC2)C(=O)N3)C(=O)NCC(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=2C=CC=CC=2)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N1)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)O)[C@@H](C)CC)=O)[C@@H](C)CC)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 ZPNFWUPYTFPOJU-LPYSRVMUSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960003073 pirfenidone Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- ISWRGOKTTBVCFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pirfenidone Chemical compound C1=C(C)C=CC(=O)N1C1=CC=CC=C1 ISWRGOKTTBVCFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960003787 sorafenib Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000011580 syndromic disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 108091008743 testicular receptors 4 Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000033116 Asbestos intoxication Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010009900 Colitis ulcerative Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000011231 Crohn disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- CMSMOCZEIVJLDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclophosphamide Chemical compound ClCCN(CCCl)P1(=O)NCCCO1 CMSMOCZEIVJLDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PMATZTZNYRCHOR-CGLBZJNRSA-N Cyclosporin A Chemical compound CC[C@@H]1NC(=O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@H](C)C\C=C\C)N(C)C(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N(C)C(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)N(C)C(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)N(C)C(=O)[C@@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)N(C)C(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)N(C)C(=O)CN(C)C1=O PMATZTZNYRCHOR-CGLBZJNRSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930105110 Cyclosporin A Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010036949 Cyclosporine Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010014561 Emphysema Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 201000009794 Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000024934 IgG4-related mediastinitis Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000014919 IgG4-related retroperitoneal fibrosis Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000002260 Keloid Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- FBOZXECLQNJBKD-ZDUSSCGKSA-N L-methotrexate Chemical compound C=1N=C2N=C(N)N=C(N)C2=NC=1CN(C)C1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 FBOZXECLQNJBKD-ZDUSSCGKSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 201000005099 Langerhans cell histiocytosis Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000002805 Mediastinal fibrosis Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010028594 Myocardial fibrosis Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- ZZIKIHCNFWXKDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Myriocin Natural products CCCCCCC(=O)CCCCCCC=CCC(O)C(O)C(N)(CO)C(O)=O ZZIKIHCNFWXKDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 108091007960 PI3Ks Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000003993 Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108090000430 Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010036805 Progressive massive fibrosis Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010038979 Retroperitoneal fibrosis Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- AJLFOPYRIVGYMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N SJ000287055 Natural products C12C(OC(=O)C(C)CC)CCC=C2C=CC(C)C1CCC1CC(O)CC(=O)O1 AJLFOPYRIVGYMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010039710 Scleroderma Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940127530 Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor Modulators Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 201000009594 Systemic Scleroderma Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010042953 Systemic sclerosis Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 108091008874 T cell receptors Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000016266 T-Cell Antigen Receptors Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- QJJXYPPXXYFBGM-LFZNUXCKSA-N Tacrolimus Chemical compound C1C[C@@H](O)[C@H](OC)C[C@@H]1\C=C(/C)[C@@H]1[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)CC(=O)[C@H](CC=C)/C=C(C)/C[C@H](C)C[C@H](OC)[C@H]([C@H](C[C@H]2C)OC)O[C@@]2(O)C(=O)C(=O)N2CCCC[C@H]2C(=O)O1 QJJXYPPXXYFBGM-LFZNUXCKSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 201000006704 Ulcerative Colitis Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002260 anti-inflammatory agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003110 anti-inflammatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010003441 asbestosis Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000006673 asthma Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- LMEKQMALGUDUQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N azathioprine Chemical compound CN1C=NC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1SC1=NC=NC2=C1NC=N2 LMEKQMALGUDUQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960002170 azathioprine Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960005110 cerivastatin Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- SEERZIQQUAZTOL-ANMDKAQQSA-N cerivastatin Chemical compound COCC1=C(C(C)C)N=C(C(C)C)C(\C=C\[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O)=C1C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 SEERZIQQUAZTOL-ANMDKAQQSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002512 chemotherapy Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 201000001883 cholelithiasis Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960001265 ciclosporin Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960004397 cyclophosphamide Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930182912 cyclosporin Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000003675 cytokine receptors Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010057085 cytokine receptors Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000001508 eye Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960000556 fingolimod Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- KKGQTZUTZRNORY-UHFFFAOYSA-N fingolimod Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(CCC(N)(CO)CO)C=C1 KKGQTZUTZRNORY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002224 folic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000034356 gene-regulatory proteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108091006104 gene-regulatory proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003862 glucocorticoid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940125721 immunosuppressive agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003018 immunosuppressive agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002458 infectious effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002757 inflammatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000036971 interstitial lung disease 2 Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000001024 intrahepatic cholestasis Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007872 intrahepatic cholestasis Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000001117 keloid Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- GLVAUDGFNGKCSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercaptopurine Chemical compound S=C1NC=NC2=C1NC=N2 GLVAUDGFNGKCSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960001428 mercaptopurine Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960000485 methotrexate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229950009116 mevastatin Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- AJLFOPYRIVGYMJ-INTXDZFKSA-N mevastatin Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@@H](C)C=CC2=CCC[C@@H]([C@H]12)OC(=O)[C@@H](C)CC)C[C@@H]1C[C@@H](O)CC(=O)O1 AJLFOPYRIVGYMJ-INTXDZFKSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BOZILQFLQYBIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N mevastatin hydroxy acid Natural products C1=CC(C)C(CCC(O)CC(O)CC(O)=O)C2C(OC(=O)C(C)CC)CCC=C21 BOZILQFLQYBIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HPNSFSBZBAHARI-RUDMXATFSA-N mycophenolic acid Chemical class OC1=C(C\C=C(/C)CCC(O)=O)C(OC)=C(C)C2=C1C(=O)OC2 HPNSFSBZBAHARI-RUDMXATFSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010028537 myelofibrosis Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000010125 myocardial infarction Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- ZZIKIHCNFWXKDY-GNTQXERDSA-N myriocin Chemical compound CCCCCCC(=O)CCCCCC\C=C\C[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@](N)(CO)C(O)=O ZZIKIHCNFWXKDY-GNTQXERDSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940021182 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000003899 penis Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035935 pregnancy Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003212 purines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003230 pyrimidines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001959 radiotherapy Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- ZAHRKKWIAAJSAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N rapamycin Natural products COCC(O)C(=C/C(C)C(=O)CC(OC(=O)C1CCCCN1C(=O)C(=O)C2(O)OC(CC(OC)C(=CC=CC=CC(C)CC(C)C(=O)C)C)CCC2C)C(C)CC3CCC(O)C(C3)OC)C ZAHRKKWIAAJSAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000023504 respiratory system disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- QFJCIRLUMZQUOT-HPLJOQBZSA-N sirolimus Chemical compound C1C[C@@H](O)[C@H](OC)C[C@@H]1C[C@@H](C)[C@H]1OC(=O)[C@@H]2CCCCN2C(=O)C(=O)[C@](O)(O2)[C@H](C)CC[C@H]2C[C@H](OC)/C(C)=C/C=C/C=C/[C@@H](C)C[C@@H](C)C(=O)[C@H](OC)[C@H](O)/C(C)=C/[C@@H](C)C(=O)C1 QFJCIRLUMZQUOT-HPLJOQBZSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960002930 sirolimus Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008410 smoothened signaling pathway Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- QJJXYPPXXYFBGM-SHYZHZOCSA-N tacrolimus Natural products CO[C@H]1C[C@H](CC[C@@H]1O)C=C(C)[C@H]2OC(=O)[C@H]3CCCCN3C(=O)C(=O)[C@@]4(O)O[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@H]4C)OC)[C@@H](C[C@H](C)CC(=C[C@@H](CC=C)C(=O)C[C@H](O)[C@H]2C)C)OC QJJXYPPXXYFBGM-SHYZHZOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960001967 tacrolimus Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 201000008827 tuberculosis Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 102000002746 Inhibins Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
- 108010004250 Inhibins Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000003510 Nephrogenic Fibrosing Dermopathy Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010067467 Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010050207 Skin fibrosis Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010003246 arthritis Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000019298 familial intrahepatic cholestasis Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001613 neoplastic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002062 proliferating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940127361 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Drugs 0.000 claims 3
- 102000005606 Activins Human genes 0.000 claims 1
- OSTGTTZJOCZWJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrosourea Chemical compound NC(=O)N=NO OSTGTTZJOCZWJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 235000021476 total parenteral nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002471 hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 42
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 210000003995 blood forming stem cell Anatomy 0.000 description 21
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 20
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 17
- HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N cholesterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 14
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 14
- 210000000651 myofibroblast Anatomy 0.000 description 13
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 12
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 12
- 210000002950 fibroblast Anatomy 0.000 description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000003613 bile acid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000002206 pro-fibrotic effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 description 9
- HSINOMROUCMIEA-FGVHQWLLSA-N (2s,4r)-4-[(3r,5s,6r,7r,8s,9s,10s,13r,14s,17r)-6-ethyl-3,7-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2-methylpentanoic acid Chemical compound C([C@@]12C)C[C@@H](O)C[C@H]1[C@@H](CC)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]([C@H](C)C[C@H](C)C(O)=O)CC[C@H]21 HSINOMROUCMIEA-FGVHQWLLSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 208000024172 Cardiovascular disease Diseases 0.000 description 8
- 235000008390 olive oil Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000004006 olive oil Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000692 Student's t-test Methods 0.000 description 7
- 102000009618 Transforming Growth Factors Human genes 0.000 description 7
- 108010009583 Transforming Growth Factors Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 231100000673 dose–response relationship Toxicity 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002207 metabolite Substances 0.000 description 7
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 7
- OINNEUNVOZHBOX-QIRCYJPOSA-K 2-trans,6-trans,10-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate(3-) Chemical compound CC(C)=CCC\C(C)=C\CC\C(C)=C\CC\C(C)=C\COP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O OINNEUNVOZHBOX-QIRCYJPOSA-K 0.000 description 6
- VWFJDQUYCIWHTN-YFVJMOTDSA-N 2-trans,6-trans-farnesyl diphosphate Chemical compound CC(C)=CCC\C(C)=C\CC\C(C)=C\CO[P@](O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O VWFJDQUYCIWHTN-YFVJMOTDSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 102100029077 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 206010008609 Cholangitis sclerosing Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 238000002965 ELISA Methods 0.000 description 6
- 108010037362 Extracellular Matrix Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 102000010834 Extracellular Matrix Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 6
- VWFJDQUYCIWHTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Farnesyl pyrophosphate Natural products CC(C)=CCCC(C)=CCCC(C)=CCOP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O VWFJDQUYCIWHTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OINNEUNVOZHBOX-XBQSVVNOSA-N Geranylgeranyl diphosphate Natural products [P@](=O)(OP(=O)(O)O)(OC/C=C(\CC/C=C(\CC/C=C(\CC/C=C(\C)/C)/C)/C)/C)O OINNEUNVOZHBOX-XBQSVVNOSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 108090000895 Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 206010067125 Liver injury Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 241000699670 Mus sp. Species 0.000 description 6
- 241000700159 Rattus Species 0.000 description 6
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 235000012000 cholesterol Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 231100000753 hepatic injury Toxicity 0.000 description 6
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 239000002953 phosphate buffered saline Substances 0.000 description 6
- 201000000742 primary sclerosing cholangitis Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 229940124617 receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 230000002202 anti-cholestatic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 210000002808 connective tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 235000020940 control diet Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000004431 deuterium atom Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000007705 epithelial mesenchymal transition Effects 0.000 description 5
- 210000002744 extracellular matrix Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 210000004024 hepatic stellate cell Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 102000008186 Collagen Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108010035532 Collagen Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 102000046299 Transforming Growth Factor beta1 Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 101800002279 Transforming growth factor beta-1 Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 238000012742 biochemical analysis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920001436 collagen Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229910052805 deuterium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000012091 fetal bovine serum Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010152 Bonferroni least significant difference Methods 0.000 description 3
- 102100026818 Inhibin beta E chain Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 102000007330 LDL Lipoproteins Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108010007622 LDL Lipoproteins Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 241000699666 Mus <mouse, genus> Species 0.000 description 3
- PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Niacin Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 101710182361 Pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102100033810 RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002141 anti-parasite Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000000941 bile Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000004663 cell proliferation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229960001231 choline Drugs 0.000 description 3
- OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N choline Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CCO OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009795 fibrotic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 3
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000968 intestinal effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000001543 one-way ANOVA Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003389 potentiating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000000574 retroperitoneal space Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 210000004500 stellate cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- CXONXVMMINSQBV-NNYOXOHSSA-N (2r,3r,4s,5r)-5-[[[[(2r,3s,4r,5r)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxymethyl]-2-(3-carbamothioylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)-4-hydroxyoxolan-3-olate Chemical compound NC(=S)C1=CC=C[N+]([C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@@H]3[C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H](O3)N3C4=NC=NC(N)=C4N=C3)O)O2)[O-])=C1 CXONXVMMINSQBV-NNYOXOHSSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CABVTRNMFUVUDM-VRHQGPGLSA-N (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OCC(C)(C)[C@@H](O)C(=O)NCCC(=O)NCCSC(=O)C[C@@](O)(CC(O)=O)C)O[C@H]1N1C2=NC=NC(N)=C2N=C1 CABVTRNMFUVUDM-VRHQGPGLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000007469 Actins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010085238 Actins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- MDBGGTQNNUOQRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Allidochlor Chemical compound ClCC(=O)N(CC=C)CC=C MDBGGTQNNUOQRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000193738 Bacillus anthracis Species 0.000 description 2
- 108091003079 Bovine Serum Albumin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 244000060234 Gmelina philippensis Species 0.000 description 2
- 101000617830 Homo sapiens Sterol O-acyltransferase 1 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 206010023330 Keloid scar Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000008214 LDL Cholesterol Methods 0.000 description 2
- 240000007817 Olea europaea Species 0.000 description 2
- 208000012619 Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 3 Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 102100021993 Sterol O-acyltransferase 1 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 101000697584 Streptomyces lavendulae Streptothricin acetyltransferase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000036142 Viral infection Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000840 anti-viral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940045686 antimetabolites antineoplastic purine analogs Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940045687 antimetabolites folic acid analogs Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940045719 antineoplastic alkylating agent nitrosoureas Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940045688 antineoplastic antimetabolites pyrimidine analogues Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000003096 antiparasitic agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000090 biomarker Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000003917 carbamoyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 239000006143 cell culture medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007882 cirrhosis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002496 gastric effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002962 histologic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001900 immune effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003834 intracellular effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006122 isoprenylation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000010534 mechanism of action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960003512 nicotinic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000001968 nicotinic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011664 nicotinic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960004378 nintedanib Drugs 0.000 description 2
- XZXHXSATPCNXJR-ZIADKAODSA-N nintedanib Chemical compound O=C1NC2=CC(C(=O)OC)=CC=C2\C1=C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)\NC(C=C1)=CC=C1N(C)C(=O)CN1CCN(C)CC1 XZXHXSATPCNXJR-ZIADKAODSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000039446 nucleic acids Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108020004707 nucleic acids Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 150000007523 nucleic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000016236 parenteral nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000001575 pathological effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000006187 pill Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000036470 plasma concentration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 201000002148 progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis 3 Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003087 receptor blocking agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012453 solvate Substances 0.000 description 2
- UCSJYZPVAKXKNQ-HZYVHMACSA-N streptomycin Chemical compound CN[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@](C=O)(O)[C@H](C)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](NC(N)=N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC(N)=N)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O UCSJYZPVAKXKNQ-HZYVHMACSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940037128 systemic glucocorticoids Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000003505 terpenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011269 treatment regimen Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009385 viral infection Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003442 weekly effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- KJTLQQUUPVSXIM-ZCFIWIBFSA-M (R)-mevalonate Chemical compound OCC[C@](O)(C)CC([O-])=O KJTLQQUUPVSXIM-ZCFIWIBFSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JTGHBEFBQXGABE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dihydroxyheptanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)(O)C(O)=O JTGHBEFBQXGABE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDVAIHNNWWJFJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=C(C)NC(C)=C(C(=O)OCC)C1C CDVAIHNNWWJFJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101710158485 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101710172561 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- YRNWIFYIFSBPAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-n,n-dimethylaniline Chemical compound C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(N(C)C)C=C1 YRNWIFYIFSBPAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 206010003591 Ataxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000017283 Bile Duct disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010006654 Bleomycin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000007350 Bone Morphogenetic Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010007726 Bone Morphogenetic Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010006811 Bursitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 102000011068 Cdc42 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108050001278 Cdc42 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100025051 Cell division control protein 42 homolog Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229920001268 Cholestyramine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002911 Colestipol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 102100033601 Collagen alpha-1(I) chain Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241000223936 Cryptosporidium parvum Species 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJTLQQUUPVSXIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N DL-mevalonic acid Natural products OCCC(O)(C)CC(O)=O KJTLQQUUPVSXIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100036504 Dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member 9 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 206010012735 Diarrhoea Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000012286 ELISA Assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102000016942 Elastin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010014258 Elastin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229940124602 FDA-approved drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000224467 Giardia intestinalis Species 0.000 description 1
- 101710154606 Hemagglutinin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010019668 Hepatic fibrosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 description 1
- 101000637835 Homo sapiens Serum amyloid A-4 protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000035150 Hypercholesterolemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010061218 Inflammation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102100034343 Integrase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 206010072877 Intestinal fibrosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010023421 Kidney fibrosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000012313 Kruskal-Wallis test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102000000853 LDL receptors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010001831 LDL receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007472 Leucaena leucocephala Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010643 Leucaena leucocephala Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 description 1
- 229930195725 Mannitol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000187479 Mycobacterium tuberculosis Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000013232 NAFLD rodent model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013231 NASH rodent model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101710093908 Outer capsid protein VP4 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101710135467 Outer capsid protein sigma-1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000030852 Parasitic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037273 Pathologic Processes Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229930182555 Penicillin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- JGSARLDLIJGVTE-MBNYWOFBSA-N Penicillin G Chemical compound N([C@H]1[C@H]2SC([C@@H](N2C1=O)C(O)=O)(C)C)C(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 JGSARLDLIJGVTE-MBNYWOFBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001213 Polysorbate 20 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 101710176177 Protein A56 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000016611 Proteoglycans Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010067787 Proteoglycans Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010092799 RNA-directed DNA polymerase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000011529 RT qPCR Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000702670 Rotavirus Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000034189 Sclerosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102100032016 Serum amyloid A-4 protein Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000007374 Smad Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010007945 Smad Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 108010090804 Streptavidin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010046722 Thrombospondin 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 241001148470 aerobic bacillus Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940054685 alinia Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108010029483 alpha 1 Chain Collagen Type I Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010171 animal model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003042 antagnostic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001093 anti-cancer Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002300 anti-fibrosis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000843 anti-fungal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003904 antiprotozoal agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007640 basal medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000080 bile acid sequestrant Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940096699 bile acid sequestrants Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000008827 biological function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006696 biosynthetic metabolic pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960001561 bleomycin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OYVAGSVQBOHSSS-UAPAGMARSA-O bleomycin A2 Chemical compound N([C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@H](O)C)C(=O)NCCC=1SC=C(N=1)C=1SC=C(N=1)C(=O)NCCC[S+](C)C)[C@@H](O[C@H]1[C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](CO)O1)O[C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H](OC(N)=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1)O)C=1N=CNC=1)C(=O)C1=NC([C@H](CC(N)=O)NC[C@H](N)C(N)=O)=NC(N)=C1C OYVAGSVQBOHSSS-UAPAGMARSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 229940112869 bone morphogenetic protein Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000021152 breakfast Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000035269 cancer or benign tumor Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010061592 cardiac fibrillation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000004113 cell culture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013592 cell lysate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000030570 cellular localization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001841 cholesterols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960002604 colestipol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GMRWGQCZJGVHKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N colestipol Chemical compound ClCC1CO1.NCCNCCNCCNCCN GMRWGQCZJGVHKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002299 complementary DNA Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001086 cytosolic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000034994 death Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005547 deoxyribonucleotide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002637 deoxyribonucleotide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002059 diagnostic imaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- LOKCTEFSRHRXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-I dipotassium trisodium dihydrogen phosphate hydrogen phosphate dichloride Chemical compound P(=O)(O)(O)[O-].[K+].P(=O)(O)([O-])[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Cl-].[K+].[Cl-].[Na+] LOKCTEFSRHRXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- 231100000676 disease causative agent Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- VHJLVAABSRFDPM-QWWZWVQMSA-N dithiothreitol Chemical compound SC[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CS VHJLVAABSRFDPM-QWWZWVQMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000890 drug combination Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008406 drug-drug interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002500 effect on skin Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002549 elastin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000029142 excretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000009866 extrahepatic cholestasis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940125753 fibrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002600 fibrillogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002538 fungal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003304 gavage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930182470 glycoside Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002338 glycosides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000000013 helminth Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000185 hemagglutinin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002440 hepatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003494 hepatocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000010562 histological examination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940099552 hyaluronan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KIUKXJAPPMFGSW-MNSSHETKSA-N hyaluronan Chemical compound CC(=O)N[C@H]1[C@H](O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)C1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H](C(O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O3)C(O)=O)O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)NC(C)=O)[C@@H](C(O)=O)O1 KIUKXJAPPMFGSW-MNSSHETKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002674 hyaluronan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003063 hydroxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940031574 hydroxymethyl cellulose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004054 inflammatory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010022000 influenza Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015788 innate immune response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007529 inorganic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001361 intraarterial administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004068 intracellular signaling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010189 intracellular transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007918 intramuscular administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000644 isotonic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003127 knee Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003902 lesion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002502 liposome Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006166 lysate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012139 lysis buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035800 maturation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002503 metabolic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000030248 negative regulation of fibroblast proliferation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002988 nephrogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BOPGDPNILDQYTO-NNYOXOHSSA-N nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide Chemical compound C1=CCC(C(=O)N)=CN1[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H](O2)N2C3=NC=NC(N)=C3N=C2)O)O1 BOPGDPNILDQYTO-NNYOXOHSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930027945 nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002674 ointment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012261 overproduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006506 pH homeostasis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008506 pathogenesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009054 pathological process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940049954 penicillin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002688 persistence Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002085 persistent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000144 pharmacologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940096701 plain lipid modifying drug hmg coa reductase inhibitors Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000004983 pleiotropic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000729 poly(L-lysine) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000256 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010486 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000244 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010482 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000053 polysorbate 80 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940068968 polysorbate 80 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011533 pre-incubation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000013823 prenylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000009862 primary prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960003912 probucol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FYPMFJGVHOHGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N probucol Chemical compound C=1C(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=CC=1SC(C)(C)SC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 FYPMFJGVHOHGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000000040 protozoan parasite Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000011552 rat model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003753 real-time PCR Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108700005467 recombinant KCB-1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108010033674 rho GTP-Binding Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920002477 rna polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003118 sandwich ELISA Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021003 saturated fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 231100000241 scar Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000037390 scarring Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007423 screening assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009863 secondary prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000015891 sexual disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000003307 slaughter Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000002460 smooth muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000329 smooth muscle myocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960005322 streptomycin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009469 supplementation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000829 suppository Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013268 sustained release Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012730 sustained-release form Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009885 systemic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000451 tissue damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000827 tissue damage Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000026683 transduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010361 transduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006276 transfer reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004614 tumor growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 241001148471 unidentified anaerobic bacterium Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000003827 upregulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000029812 viral genome replication Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/21—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates
- A61K31/215—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids
- A61K31/22—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acyclic acids, e.g. pravastatin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/21—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates
- A61K31/215—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids
- A61K31/22—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acyclic acids, e.g. pravastatin
- A61K31/222—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acyclic acids, e.g. pravastatin with compounds having aromatic groups, e.g. dipivefrine, ibopamine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
- A61K31/365—Lactones
- A61K31/366—Lactones having six-membered rings, e.g. delta-lactones
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/40—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/40—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
- A61K31/403—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. carbazole
- A61K31/404—Indoles, e.g. pindolol
- A61K31/405—Indole-alkanecarboxylic acids; Derivatives thereof, e.g. tryptophan, indomethacin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
- A61K31/425—Thiazoles
- A61K31/426—1,3-Thiazoles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/4418—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof having a carbocyclic group directly attached to the heterocyclic ring, e.g. cyproheptadine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
- A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/56—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids
- A61K31/57—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids substituted in position 17 beta by a chain of two carbon atoms, e.g. pregnane or progesterone
- A61K31/573—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids substituted in position 17 beta by a chain of two carbon atoms, e.g. pregnane or progesterone substituted in position 21, e.g. cortisone, dexamethasone, prednisone or aldosterone
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
- A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
- A61P1/04—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for ulcers, gastritis or reflux esophagitis, e.g. antacids, inhibitors of acid secretion, mucosal protectants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
- A61P1/16—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for liver or gallbladder disorders, e.g. hepatoprotective agents, cholagogues, litholytics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
- A61P1/18—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for pancreatic disorders, e.g. pancreatic enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P13/00—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
- A61P13/12—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system of the kidneys
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P15/00—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
- A61P19/02—Drugs for skeletal disorders for joint disorders, e.g. arthritis, arthrosis
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P21/00—Drugs for disorders of the muscular or neuromuscular system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
- A61P27/02—Ophthalmic agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2300/00—Mixtures or combinations of active ingredients, wherein at least one active ingredient is fully defined in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
- Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
- Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
- Neurology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Rheumatology (AREA)
- Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
- Endocrinology (AREA)
- Reproductive Health (AREA)
- Dermatology (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Fish Paste Products (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Steel Electrode Plates (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
Abstract
Description
細胞外マトリクスの異常かつ過度の沈着は、肝臓、肺、腎臓、又は心臓の線維症を含む全ての線維性疾患の特徴である。罹患器官のスペクトル、線維化過程の進行性の性質、多数の罹患者、及び有効な処置の欠如は、線維性疾患を処置するときに重大な課題を引き起こす。
本発明は、(i)2−[(5−ニトロ−1,3−チアゾール−2−イル)カルバモイル]フェニル]エタノアート(NTZ)、NTZの重水素化誘導体(NTZ-D)、2−ヒドロキシ−N−(5−ニトロ−2−チアゾリル)ベンズアミド(TZ)、又はチゾキサニドグルクロニド(TZG)と、(ii)少なくとも1つのスタチンとを含む相乗的組み合わせに関する。この組み合わせは、胆汁うっ滞性又は線維性の疾患を処置する方法において有用である。
(i)NTZ、NTZ-D、TZ、若しくはTZG、又はNTZ、NTZ-D、TZ、若しくはTZGの薬学的に許容し得る塩;
(ii)スタチン
の相乗的組み合わせに関する。
図、表、及び文章において用いられる略語:
α-SMA:α平滑筋アクチン
ATORVA:アトルバスタチン
BDL:胆管結紮
BMP:骨形成タンパク質
cDNA:相補的デオキシリボヌクレオチド酸
COL1A1:1型コラーゲンα1
CDAA:コリン欠乏Lアミノ酸
CDAAc:コレステロール補給コリン欠乏Lアミノ酸制限飼料
CHOL:コレステロール
CSAA:コリン補給Lアミノ酸制限
DDC:3,5−ジエトキシカルボニル−1,4−ジヒドロコリジン
DMSO:ジメチルスルホキシド
DTT:ジチオスレイトール
ELISA:酵素結合免疫吸着測定法
EMT:上皮間葉転換
EOB:Bliss超過(Excess Over Bliss)
FBS:ウシ胎仔血清
FDA:食品医薬品局
FLUVA:フルバスタチン
FPP:ファルネシルピロリン酸
GDF:増殖分化因子
Hh:ヘッジホッグ
GGPP:ゲラニルゲラニルピロリン酸
HMG-CoA:3−ヒドロキシ−3−メチルグルタリル−補酵素A
hHSC:ヒト肝星細胞
HSC:肝星細胞
IC50:半値阻害濃度
InMyoFib:腸筋線維芽細胞
MMP2:マトリクスメタロペプチダーゼ2
MMP9:マトリクスメタロペプチダーゼ9
μL:マイクロリットル
LDL:低密度リポタンパク質
LOVA:ロバスタチン
NHLF:正常ヒト肺線維芽細胞
NTZ:ニタゾキサニド
PBC:原発性胆汁性胆管炎
PBS:リン酸緩衝生理食塩水
PITA:ピタバスタチン
PSC:原発性硬化性胆管炎
qPCR:定量ポリメラーゼ連鎖反応
pMol:ピコモル
PRAVA:プラバスタチン
rhFGF:組み換えヒト塩基性線維芽細胞増殖因子
ROSU:ロスバスタチン
RNA:リボ核酸
RT:逆転写酵素
SIMVA:シンバスタチン
SmBM:平滑筋細胞基本培地
SteCGS:星細胞増殖補給剤
STeCM:星細胞培地
TBA:全胆汁酸
TGFβ1:腫瘍増殖因子ベータ1
TGFBRI:TGFb I型受容体
TGFBRII:TGFb II型受容体
THBS1:トロンボスポンジン1
TMB:テトラメチルベンジジン
TZ:チゾキサニド
TZG:チゾキサニドグルクロニド
本願の実験部分では、(i)NTZ又はTZと(ii)スタチンとの組み合わせが、活性化筋線維芽細胞において抗線維化特性を相乗的に付与し得ることが示される。更に、(i)NTZ又はTZと(ii)スタチンとの組み合わせが、肝損傷モデルにおいて全胆汁酸のレベル変化を低減することもできることが示される。したがって、本発明は、(i)NTZ若しくはNTZの誘導体、例えば、NTZの重水素化誘導体(NTZ-D)、TZ若しくはTZG、又はNTZ、NTZ-D、TZ、若しくはTZGの薬学的に許容し得る塩と(ii)スタチンとを含む活性剤の新規相乗的組み合わせに関する。
(式中、R2は、
基を表し、同一であるか又は異なるR2a、R2b、及びR2cは、水素原子又は重水素原子を表すが、ただし、R2a、R2b、R2cは、同時に水素原子ではない)。
Cpd.1:2−[(5−ニトロ−1,3−チアゾール−2−イル)カルバモイル]フェニル(d3)エタノアート;
Cpd.2:2−[(5−ニトロ−1,3−チアゾール−2−イル)カルバモイル]フェニル(d2)エタノアート;及び
Cpd.3:2−[(5−ニトロ−1,3−チアゾール−2−イル)カルバモイル]フェニル(d1)エタノアート;
を含む。
材料及び方法
化合物は、ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO、Flukaカタログ番号41640)に溶解させた。ニタゾキサニド(INTERCHIM カタログ番号RQ550U)、チゾキサニド(INTERCHIM カタログ番号RP253)、更に、ピタバスタチン(INTERCHIM カタログ番号15414)、シンバスタチン(Sigma Aldrich カタログ番号S6196)、フルバスタチン(Sigma Aldrich カタログ番号Y0001090)、プラバスタチン(Selleckchem カタログ番号S3036)、ロスバスタチン(Selleckchem カタログ番号S2169)、ロバスタチン(Selleckchem カタログ番号S4223)、アトルバスタチン(Sigma Aldrich カタログ番号PZ0001)は商業的に入手した。
ヒト初代肝星細胞(hHSC)(Innoprot)を、2% ウシ胎仔血清(FBS、ScienCell カタログ番号0010)、1% ペニシリン/ストレプトマイシン(ScienCell カタログ番号0503)、及び星細胞増殖補給剤(SteCGS; ScienCell カタログ番号5352)を補給したSTeCM培地(ScienCell カタログ番号5301)中で培養した。よりよく接着させるために細胞培養フラスコをポリ−L−リジン(Sigma カタログ番号P4707)でコーティングした。
2成分組み合わせマトリクス(NTZ/スタチン又はTZ/スタチン)
チェッカーボードマトリクスを採用した。NTZ又はTZ及びスタチンの原液を、96ウェルプレートの横列(スタチン)及び縦列(NTZ又はTZ)において5点系列でDMSOによって連続希釈した。6番目の点には、化合物を含まない100% DMSOを充填した。続いて、全ての単剤濃度の1:1混合によって6×6組み合わせマトリクスを作成した。各化合物の5つの試験濃度は、TGF-β1で刺激したHSCモデルにおけるα-SMA含量を測定することによって得られる、単剤としての各化合物のそれぞれのIC50に基づいて選択した。次いで、2倍及び4倍高い及び低い濃度を選択した。
ヒト初代肝星細胞(hHSC)(Innoprot)を、上記の通り標準的な条件下で培養した。続いて、ELISAによってα-SMAを測定するために、細胞を2×104細胞/ウェルの密度で96ウェルプレートにプレーティングした。次の日、細胞培養培地を除去し、そして、細胞をPBS(Invitrogen カタログ番号14190)で洗浄した。hHSCを無血清かつSteCGS不含培地中で24時間飢餓状態にした。NTZ、スタチン(ピタバスタチン、フルバスタチン、シンバスタチン、アトルバスタチン、ロバスタチン、ロスバスタチン、プラバスタチン)、及びそれぞれのNTZ/スタチンの組み合わせによる処理、また、TZ、スタチン(ピタバスタチン、シンバスタチン、フルバスタチン、プラバスタチン)、及びそれぞれの組み合わせTZ/スタチンについては、血清除去したhHSCを該化合物と共に1時間プレインキュベートし、続いて、線維化促進性刺激TGFβ1(PeproTech カタログ番号100-21、1ng/mL)を添加し、無血清かつSteCGS不含培地中で更に48時間インキュベートした。
サンドイッチELISAを使用してα-SMAのレベルを測定した。簡潔に述べると、まず、ELISAプレートのウェルを4℃で一晩捕捉抗体(マウスモノクローナル抗ACTA2、Abnova)でコーティングした。PBS+0,2% Tween 20で3回洗浄した後、PBS+0.2% BSAからなるブロッキング溶液を1時間にわたって添加し、続いて、別の洗浄サイクルに供した。室温で2時間捕捉抗体に結合させるために、細胞溶解物をウェルに移した。洗浄手順後、検出抗体(ビオチン化マウスモノクローナル抗ACTA2、Abnova)を室温で2時間にわたって添加し、続いて、3回洗浄した。検出するために、まず、HRP標識ストレプトアビジン(R&D Systems カタログ番号DY998)を室温で30分間適用した。洗浄後、HRPの基質であるTMB(;BD、#555214)を添加し、そして、暗条件下、室温で7分間インキュベートした。酸化時に、TMBは水溶性青色反応生成物を形成し、これは硫酸を添加すると黄色になる(溶液停止)ので、分光計を用いて450nmにおける強度を正確に測定することができる。発色は、溶解物中に存在するα-SMAの量と正比例する。
αSMA ELISAアッセイにおいて得られた値を、まず、TGF-β1対照に対する阻害率に変換した。次いで、分率(百分率を100で除したもの)に変換されたこれら阻害率を使用して、EOB(Bliss超過)を判定して薬物組み合わせの相乗効果を規定した。まず、予測Bliss相加性スコア(E)を以下の式によって決定した:
E=(A+B)−(A×B)(式中、A及びBは、所与の用量におけるNTZ(A)及び所与のスタチン(B)の0〜1の範囲内の分率に変換された阻害率である)。Bliss予測と、同用量の組み合わせられたNTZ/スタチンで観察された阻害との間の差が「Bliss超過」スコアである。
− Bliss超過スコア=0は、組み合わせ処理が相加的(独立な経路の効果について予測される通り)であることを示し;
− Bliss超過スコア>0は、相加的よりも大きな活性を示し(相乗作用);そして、
− Bliss超過スコア<0は、組み合わせが相加的よりも小さいことを示す(拮抗作用)。
CCl4-誘発性肝損傷のラットモデルにおいてNTZ/SIMVA組み合わせの相乗的処置効果を評価した。
NTZ/SIMVA組み合わせの相乗的処置効果をDDC誘発性胆汁うっ滞モデルにおいてアッセイする。
9週齢のC57BL/6マウスを対照飼料又はNTZを補給した飼料で6週間飼育する。それぞれ30若しくは100mg/kg/日 NTZ、又は3若しくは10mg/kg/日 SIMVA、又は30/3;100/3;30/10、100/10mg/kg/日 NTZ/SIMVA組み合わせの曝露にそれぞれ対応する、NTZ及び/又はSIMVAを含有する8つの飼料投薬計画を調製する。同時に、そして、合計6週間にわたって、強制経口飼養によってオリーブ油に溶解させたCCl4又はビヒクルでマウスを週3回処理する。CCl4の量は、0.875mL/kgから2.5mL/kgに次第に増加させる。処理の最後の日、6時間の絶食期間後にマウスを屠殺する。血液サンプルを回収し、そして、生化学的分析のために血清を単離する。生化学的、組織学的、及び発現の試験のために、迅速に肝臓を摘出する。
肝外胆汁うっ滞、続いて肝線維症を誘発するために、ラットに対して外科的胆管結紮を行う。短い回復期の後、30若しくは100mg/kg/日 NTZ、3若しくは10mpk SIMVA、又は30/3若しくは100/10mg/kg/日NTZ/SIMVA組み合わせで1又は2週間動物を処理する。処理の最後の日、6時間の絶食期間後にマウスを屠殺する。血液サンプルを回収し、そして、生化学的分析のために血清を単離する。生化学的、組織学的、及び発現の試験のために、迅速に肝臓を摘出する。
Daytona自動分析機(Randox、カタログ番号BI 3863)に適切なRandoxキットを使用して全胆汁酸(TBA)の血漿濃度を決定した。チオ−NADの存在下において、酵素3−α ヒドロキシステロイドデヒドロゲナーゼ(3−α HSD)は、胆汁酸を3−ケトステロイド及びチオ−NADHに変換する。この反応は可逆性であり、そして、3−α HSDは、3−ケトステロイド及びチオ−NADFH−を胆汁酸及びチオ−NADに変換することができる。過剰のNADHの存在下では、酵素サイクリングが効率的に生じ、そして、405nmにおける吸光度の特異的変化を測定することによって、チオ−NADHの形成速度を決定する。結果をμmol/Lで表す。
分化した筋線維芽細胞の異常な存続は、多くの線維性疾患の特徴である。肝損傷後、休止状態のHSCは、(α-SMA)陽性筋線維芽細胞への分化を特徴とする活性化プロセスを受ける。新規抗線維化分子を見出す試みにおいて、線維化促進性サイトカインTGF-β1で活性化されたヒトHSCのモデルにおいて、FDAに承認されている薬物のライブラリを表現型でスクリーニングした。線維性病変の特徴であるα-SMAのレベルを使用して、薬物の線維化プロセスに干渉する能力を評価した。スクリーニングキャンペーンによってニタゾキサニド(NTZ)が同定され、これはTGFβ誘導性HSCにおいてα-SMAのレベルを用量依存的に低下させた。全体的にみて、NTZは、0.1〜3μMを含むIC50を示した(図1A)。
Claims (13)
- (i)ニタゾキサニド(NTZ)、NTZの重水素化誘導体(NTZ-D)、チゾキサニド(TZ)、若しくはチゾキサニドグルクロニド(TZG)、又はNTZ、NTZ-D、TZ、若しくはTZGの薬学的に許容し得る塩と;
(ii)少なくとも1つのスタチンと
の相乗的組み合わせ。 - 医薬組成物又はキットオブパーツの形態である、請求項1記載の相乗的組み合わせ。
- 前記少なくとも1つの特定のスタチンが、メバスタチン、セリバスタチン、ピタバスタチン、フルバスタチン、シンバスタチン、アトルバスタチン、ロバスタチン、ロスバスタチン、及びプラバスタチンからなる群から選択される、請求項1又は2記載の相乗的組み合わせ。
- 前記スタチンが、ピタバスタチン、フルバスタチン、及びシンバスタチンからなる群から選択される、請求項3記載の相乗的組み合わせ。
- ピルフェニドン又は受容体チロシンキナーゼ阻害剤(RTKI)、例えば、ニンテダニブ、ソラフェニブ、及び他のRTKI、又はアンギオテンシンII(AT1)受容体ブロッカー、又はCTGF阻害剤、又はMMP2、MMP9、THBS1、若しくは細胞表面インテグリン等の潜在TGFβ複合体の活性化剤を含むTGFβ-及びBMP-活性化経路に干渉しやすい任意の抗線維化化合物、TGFβ受容体I型(TGFBRI)若しくはII型(TGFBRII)、及びこれらのリガンド、例えば、TGFβ、アクチビン、インヒビン、ノーダル、抗ミュラーホルモン、GDF、若しくはBMP、補助共受容体(III型受容体としても知られている)、又は制御性若しくは阻害性のSMADタンパク質を含むSMAD依存性古典的経路の構成要素、又はMAPKシグナル伝達、TAK1、Rho様GTPaseシグナル伝達経路、ホスファチジルイノシトール−3−キナーゼ/AKT経路、TGFβ誘発性EMTプロセス、又はHhリガンド若しくは標的遺伝子を含む古典的及び非古典的なヘッジホッグシグナル伝達経路の様々なブランチを含むSMAD非依存性若しくは非古典的な経路のメンバー、又はTGFβに影響を与えやすいWNT若しくはノッチの経路の任意のメンバーから選択される公知の抗線維化活性を有する少なくとも1つの処置活性剤を更に含む、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項記載の相乗的組み合わせ。
- JAK/STAT阻害剤、並びに他の抗炎症性及び/又は免疫抑制性の剤から選択される少なくとも1つの処置活性剤を更に含む、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項記載の相乗的組み合わせ。
- 前記処置活性剤が、グルココルチコイド、NSAIDS、シクロホスファミド、ニトロソ尿素、葉酸類似物、プリン類似物、ピリミジン類似物、メトトレキサート、アザチオプリン、メルカプトプリン、シクロスポリン、ミリオシン、タクロリムス、シロリムス、ミコフェノール酸誘導体、フィンゴリモド及び他のスフィンゴシン−1−リン酸受容体調節因子;炎症促進性サイトカイン及び炎症促進性サイトカイン受容体、T細胞受容体、並びにインテグリン等の標的に対するモノクローナル及び/又はポリクローナルな抗体から選択される、請求項6記載の相乗的組み合わせ。
- 医薬として使用するための、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項記載の相乗的組み合わせ。
- 胆汁うっ滞性又は線維性の障害を処置する方法において使用するための、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項記載の相乗的組み合わせ。
- 前記線維性障害が、肝臓、腸、腎臓、皮膚、表皮、内皮、筋肉、腱、軟骨、心臓、膵臓、肺、子宮、神経系、精巣、陰茎、卵巣、副腎、動脈、静脈、結腸、腸(例えば、小腸)、胆管、軟組織(例えば、縦隔又は後腹膜)、骨髄、関節、眼、及び胃の線維症からなる群から選択される、請求項9に従って使用するための相乗的組み合わせ。
- 前記線維性障害が、肝臓、腸、肺、心臓、腎臓、筋肉、皮膚、軟組織、骨髄、小腸、及び関節の線維症からなる群から選択される、請求項9又は10に従って使用するための相乗的組み合わせ。
- 前記線維性障害が、非アルコール性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)、肺線維症、特発性肺線維症、皮膚線維症、眼線維症、心内膜心筋線維症、縦隔線維症、骨髄線維症、後腹膜線維症、進行性塊状線維症、増殖性線維症、新生物線維症、慢性炎症性気道疾患(COPD、喘息、肺気腫、喫煙者肺、結核)となる肺線維症、アルコール又は薬物誘発性の肝線維症、肝硬変、感染誘発性肝線維症、放射線又は化学療法誘発性の線維症、腎原性全身性線維症、クローン病、潰瘍性大腸炎、ケロイド、陳旧性心筋梗塞、強皮症/全身性強皮症、関節線維症、癒着性関節包炎の一部の形態、慢性線維化性胆管症、例えば、原発性硬化性胆管炎(PSC)、原発性胆汁性胆管炎(PBC)、胆道閉鎖症、家族性肝内胆汁うっ滞症3型(PFIC3)、インプラント周囲線維症、及び石綿肺からなる群から選択される、請求項9〜11のいずれか一項に従って使用するための相乗的組み合わせ。
- 前記胆汁うっ滞性障害が、原発性胆汁性胆管炎(PBC)、原発性硬化性胆管炎(PSC)、妊娠時肝内胆汁うっ滞症、進行性家族性肝内胆汁うっ滞症、胆道閉鎖症、胆石症、感染性胆管炎、ランゲルハンス細胞組織球増殖症に付随する胆管炎、アラジール症候群、非症候性腺管不足、薬物誘発性胆汁うっ滞症、及び完全非経口栄養関連胆汁うっ滞症からなる群から選択される、請求項9〜11のいずれか一項に従って使用するための相乗的組み合わせ。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP16305427.3 | 2016-04-11 | ||
EP16305427 | 2016-04-11 | ||
PCT/EP2017/055880 WO2017178173A1 (en) | 2016-04-11 | 2017-03-13 | Methods of treatment for cholestatic and fibrotic diseases |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2019513760A true JP2019513760A (ja) | 2019-05-30 |
JP7134092B2 JP7134092B2 (ja) | 2022-09-09 |
Family
ID=55755537
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2018553087A Active JP7134092B2 (ja) | 2016-04-11 | 2017-03-13 | 胆汁うっ滞性及び線維性の疾患の処置方法 |
Country Status (16)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20170290813A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP3442518B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP7134092B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR102410951B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN109152760B (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2017249603B2 (ja) |
BR (1) | BR112018069682A2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA3019205A1 (ja) |
CO (1) | CO2018012180A2 (ja) |
EA (1) | EA201892297A1 (ja) |
IL (1) | IL262186B2 (ja) |
MX (1) | MX2018012285A (ja) |
PH (1) | PH12018502161A1 (ja) |
SG (1) | SG11201808540SA (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2017178173A1 (ja) |
ZA (1) | ZA201807390B (ja) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
HUE060671T2 (hu) | 2016-04-11 | 2023-04-28 | Genfit | Eljárás fibrotikus betegségek kezelésére |
CN110418641A (zh) * | 2017-02-24 | 2019-11-05 | 基恩菲特公司 | 用于组合疗法的药物组合物 |
MX2019010322A (es) | 2017-03-13 | 2019-10-21 | Genfit | Composiciones farmaceuticas para el tratamiento combinado. |
CN110241201B (zh) * | 2019-02-22 | 2021-02-09 | 无锡市妇幼保健院 | 与ICP辅助诊断相关的血清/血浆LncRNA标志物ASO3480及其应用 |
WO2023122869A1 (zh) * | 2021-12-27 | 2023-07-06 | 浙江海正药业股份有限公司 | 瑞舒伐他汀钙在制备用于预防和治疗胆汁淤积及肝纤维化的药物中的用途 |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2012518002A (ja) * | 2009-02-13 | 2012-08-09 | ロマーク ラボラトリーズ エル.シー. | ニタゾキサニドの制御放出医薬配合物 |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB0619500D0 (en) * | 2006-10-03 | 2006-11-08 | Univ Keele | Treatment of fibrosis |
WO2008124384A2 (en) * | 2007-04-03 | 2008-10-16 | Aegerion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Combinations of mtp inhibitors with cholesterol absorption inhibitors or interferon for treating hepatitis c |
US20110177999A1 (en) * | 2007-08-09 | 2011-07-21 | Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated | Therapeutic Combinations Useful in Treating CFTR Related Diseases |
WO2013082469A2 (en) * | 2011-12-02 | 2013-06-06 | University Of Vermont And State Agricultural College | Methods and compositions for treating infections |
US9974767B2 (en) * | 2014-07-14 | 2018-05-22 | University Of Washington | Statins in the treatment of muscular dystrophies and myopathies |
-
2017
- 2017-03-13 MX MX2018012285A patent/MX2018012285A/es unknown
- 2017-03-13 EA EA201892297A patent/EA201892297A1/ru unknown
- 2017-03-13 CA CA3019205A patent/CA3019205A1/en active Pending
- 2017-03-13 US US15/457,402 patent/US20170290813A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2017-03-13 SG SG11201808540SA patent/SG11201808540SA/en unknown
- 2017-03-13 EP EP17711119.2A patent/EP3442518B1/en active Active
- 2017-03-13 AU AU2017249603A patent/AU2017249603B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2017-03-13 CN CN201780023051.8A patent/CN109152760B/zh active Active
- 2017-03-13 JP JP2018553087A patent/JP7134092B2/ja active Active
- 2017-03-13 IL IL262186A patent/IL262186B2/en unknown
- 2017-03-13 BR BR112018069682A patent/BR112018069682A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2017-03-13 WO PCT/EP2017/055880 patent/WO2017178173A1/en active Application Filing
- 2017-03-13 KR KR1020187032696A patent/KR102410951B1/ko active IP Right Grant
-
2018
- 2018-10-08 PH PH12018502161A patent/PH12018502161A1/en unknown
- 2018-11-05 ZA ZA2018/07390A patent/ZA201807390B/en unknown
- 2018-11-13 CO CONC2018/0012180A patent/CO2018012180A2/es unknown
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2012518002A (ja) * | 2009-02-13 | 2012-08-09 | ロマーク ラボラトリーズ エル.シー. | ニタゾキサニドの制御放出医薬配合物 |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
日本臨床, vol. 69、増刊号4, JPN6020050241, 2011, pages 196 - 200, ISSN: 0004416099 * |
胆肝膵, vol. 60(2), JPN6020050244, 2010, pages 213 - 221, ISSN: 0004416100 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR102410951B1 (ko) | 2022-06-20 |
IL262186B1 (en) | 2023-06-01 |
EP3442518A1 (en) | 2019-02-20 |
US20170290813A1 (en) | 2017-10-12 |
CO2018012180A2 (es) | 2019-08-20 |
WO2017178173A1 (en) | 2017-10-19 |
KR20180129936A (ko) | 2018-12-05 |
JP7134092B2 (ja) | 2022-09-09 |
AU2017249603B2 (en) | 2022-12-01 |
CA3019205A1 (en) | 2017-10-19 |
IL262186B2 (en) | 2023-10-01 |
MX2018012285A (es) | 2019-02-07 |
CN109152760A (zh) | 2019-01-04 |
CN109152760B (zh) | 2022-09-23 |
ZA201807390B (en) | 2019-08-28 |
EA201892297A1 (ru) | 2019-07-31 |
PH12018502161A1 (en) | 2019-07-15 |
SG11201808540SA (en) | 2018-10-30 |
IL262186A (en) | 2018-11-29 |
EP3442518B1 (en) | 2024-01-17 |
BR112018069682A2 (pt) | 2019-01-29 |
AU2017249603A1 (en) | 2018-10-18 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
KR102431257B1 (ko) | 담즙정체성 및 섬유증 질환의 치료 방법 | |
JP7134092B2 (ja) | 胆汁うっ滞性及び線維性の疾患の処置方法 | |
US20220323422A1 (en) | Methods of treatment for cholestatic and fibrotic diseases | |
US10653678B2 (en) | Methods of treatment for cholestatic and fibrotic diseases | |
KR20190044667A (ko) | Fxr 작용제의 신규 요법 | |
EA043787B1 (ru) | Применение комбинации нитазоксанида или тизоксанида со статином для лечения холестатических и фибротических нарушений | |
Moroni et al. | Anti-inflammatory (colchicine) treatment for secondary prevention in coronary artery disease: a milestone has been met | |
EA040800B1 (ru) | Способы лечения холестатического заболевания | |
NZ785186A (en) | Methods of treatment for cholestatic and fibrotic diseases | |
US20210186950A1 (en) | Combinations comprising tropifexor and cenicriviroc | |
EA041166B1 (ru) | Фармацевтические композиции для комбинированной терапии | |
EA042720B1 (ru) | Фармацевтический комбинированный продукт и его применение в качестве лекарственного средства |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20200121 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20210105 |
|
A601 | Written request for extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A601 Effective date: 20210326 |
|
A601 | Written request for extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A601 Effective date: 20210527 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20210702 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20211214 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20220310 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20220802 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20220830 |
|
R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 7134092 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |