JP2019213319A - 車両 - Google Patents
車両 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2019213319A JP2019213319A JP2018106297A JP2018106297A JP2019213319A JP 2019213319 A JP2019213319 A JP 2019213319A JP 2018106297 A JP2018106297 A JP 2018106297A JP 2018106297 A JP2018106297 A JP 2018106297A JP 2019213319 A JP2019213319 A JP 2019213319A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/16—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to battery ageing, e.g. to the number of charging cycles or the state of health [SoH]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/28—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the electric energy storing means, e.g. batteries or capacitors
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- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
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- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00302—Overcharge protection
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- B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本実施の形態に係る車両1の全体構成を概略的に示すブロック図である。車両1は、モータジェネレータ(MG:Motor Generator)10と、動力伝達ギア20と、駆動輪30と、電力制御ユニット(PCU:Power Control Unit)40と、システムメインリレー(SMR:System Main Relay)50と、充電リレー(以下、CHRと記載する)60と、充電装置70と、インレット80と、バッテリ100と、電圧センサ210と、電流センサ220と、温度センサ230と、放電装置240と、アクセルペダルストロークセンサ250と、ブレーキペダルストロークセンサ260と、車速センサ270と、電子制御ユニット(ECU:Electronic Control Unit)300とを備える。
バッテリ100の蓄電量は、一般的に、満充電容量に対する、現在の蓄電量を百分率で示した、SOC(State Of Charge)によって管理される。ECU300は、電圧センサ210、電流センサ220および温度センサ230による検出値に基づいて、バッテリ100のSOCを逐次算出する機能を有する。SOCの算出方法としては、たとえば、電流値積算(クーロンカウント)による手法、または、開放電圧(OCV:Open Circuit Voltage)の推定による手法など、種々の公知の手法を採用できる。
以上のような構成を有する車両1が坂道を下る場合には、MG10においてエネルギーを回生すること(すなわち、回生制動)によってエネルギー効率を向上することができる。しかしながら、たとえば、系統電源160を用いてバッテリ100のSOCを上限値SOC(0)まで充電した後に車両1が降坂する場合などにおいては、バッテリ100のSOCが上限値SOC(0)付近になると、図3を用いて説明したように、充電電力の上限値Winとしてゼロが設定され、充電が抑制されるため、回生制動により発生するエネルギーを十分に回収できない場合がある。
以下、図6を参照して、ECU300で実行される処理について説明する。図6は、ECU300で実行される放電制御の処理の一例を示すフローチャートである。このフローチャートに示される制御処理は、図1で示したECU300により、所定期間が経過する毎(たとえば、前回の処理が終了した時点から所定期間が経過した時点)に実行される。
以上のような構造およびフローチャートに基づくECU300の動作について図7、図8および図9を参照しつつ説明する。
以上のようにして、本実施の形態に係る車両によると、車両1がMG10を用いた回生制動状態である場合には、バッテリ100のSOCの上限値SOC(0)を超えた充電が許容されるので、バッテリ100のSOCが上限値付近であるときでも、回生エネルギーを効率よく回収できる。さらに、車両1がReady−Off状態になる場合には、上限値SOC(0)を超えた部分が放電されるので、車両1が長期間放置されるときでもバッテリ100の劣化を抑制することができる。したがって、回生制動時にエネルギーを効率よく回収しつつ、蓄電装置の劣化を抑制する車両を提供することができる。
上述の実施の形態では、車両1が電気自動車であるものとして説明したが、車両1は、少なくとも駆動用回転電機と、駆動用回転電機と電力を授受する蓄電装置とを搭載した車両であればよく、特に電気自動車に限定されるものではない。車両1は、たとえば、駆動用電動機とエンジンとを搭載したハイブリッド車両(プラグインハイブリッド車を含む)であってもよい。
今回開示された実施の形態はすべての点で例示であって制限的なものではないと考えられるべきである。本発明の範囲は上記した説明ではなくて特許請求の範囲によって示され、特許請求の範囲と均等の意味および範囲内でのすべての変更が含まれることが意図される。
Claims (5)
- 車両の駆動輪に連結される回転電機と、
蓄電装置と、
前記回転電機と前記蓄電装置との間で双方向で電力を変換する電力変換装置と、
前記電力変換装置を制御する制御装置とを備え、
前記制御装置は、
前記車両が前記回転電機を用いた回生制動状態である場合には、前記蓄電装置のSOCの上限値を超えた充電を許容し、
前記車両のシステムの停止要求があって、かつ、前記蓄電装置のSOCが前記上限値よりも大きい場合には、前記蓄電装置を放電する放電制御を実行する、車両。 - 前記制御装置は、前記車両のシステム停止要求があって、かつ、前記蓄電装置のSOCが前記上限値よりも大きい場合には、前記蓄電装置のSOCが前記上限値になるまで前記放電制御を実行する、請求項1に記載の車両。
- 前記車両は、
前記蓄電装置と前記電力変換装置との間に設けられるリレー回路と、
前記リレー回路を経由せずに接続される、前記蓄電装置を放電するための放電装置とをさらに備え、
前記制御装置は、
前記リレー回路が導通状態であると、前記リレー回路よりも前記電力変換装置側の電気機器を用いて前記放電制御を実行し、
前記リレー回路が遮断状態であると、前記放電装置を用いて前記放電制御を実行する、請求項1または2に記載の車両。 - 前記電気機器は、前記回転電機を含み、
前記制御装置は、前記回転電機の弱め界磁制御を前記放電制御として実行する、請求項3に記載の車両。 - 前記蓄電装置は、複数の蓄電要素を含み、
前記放電装置は、複数の前記蓄電装置の各々に設けられ、前記蓄電要素の各々のSOCを均等化する均等化回路を含む、請求項3に記載の車両。
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