JP2019209219A - Transparent cover layer separation/collection method and transparent cover layer separation/collection device - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a separation/collection technique of a front layer member which allows quick and efficient recycling processing even for a large sized solar battery panel.SOLUTION: There is provided a transparent cover layer separation/collection method in which, a plurality of blades 22 directed to a centrifugal direction of an uniaxial center 20 are arranged so that, a projection rotor 21 arranged in the surrounding of the uniaxial center 20 is separated from a solar battery panel M0 and a same transparent cover layer 8 by a projection distance PD, a projection material 3 is supplied to the projection rotor 21, the projection rotor 21 and blades 22 are rotated at high speed, centrifugal force is applied to the projection material 3 for projecting the projection material 3 and is made to collide with the transparent cover layer 8 on the solar battery panel M0, then until the solar battery layer 9 under the transparent cover layer 8 is exposed, the transparent cover layer 8 is pulverized and separated, then, the transparent cover pulverised object separated from the solar battery panel M0 is subjected to recycle processing.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4

Description

    The present invention relates to a processing technology that enables efficient separation and removal of a transparent cover layer that is firmly integrated with an internal structure, and in particular, in an internal structure portion such as a cover glass of a solar cell module. In addition to the field of providing recycling technology that efficiently disassembles the transparent cover layer that is firmly integrated and makes it possible to recover resources, the materials, machinery and equipment used for the recycling process, and to them Fields that provide necessary materials, such as glass, wood, stone, various fibers, plastics, various metal materials, etc., the fields of electronic components incorporated in them, the control-related equipment that integrates them, the fields of various measuring instruments , The general field of industrial machinery, such as the field of power machinery that moves the equipment and appliances, the field of electric power and energy as the energy source, and the field of oil In addition to the fields that have been tested, researched and researched the fields, the fields related to their display, sales, import / export, general results, the results of their use, and the equipment and tools used to build them. There are no unrelated technical fields, such as the fields related to the collection and transportation of garbage waste generated by the operation of the system, the recycling field that efficiently recycles the waste refuse, and the new fields that cannot be envisaged at this time. It is about.

(Points of interest)
Photovoltaic power generation systems are rapidly spreading with the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions, which are the cause of global warming and abnormal weather, and heightened awareness of energy saving, and the demand for recycling of solar cell modules will increase in the future. It is necessary to proceed with the development of general-purpose recycling technology that can handle solar cell modules with different structures and materials for each manufacturer, so that integrated processing equipment can be automated from the viewpoint of increasing the efficiency of recycling. It is most desirable to realize this.

    For example, as shown in FIG. 9, a solar cell module 91 made of crystalline Si cells 92 and wiring is provided on a solar cell module to be recycled by EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate: ethylene acetic acid). A solar cell layer 9 sealed with a sealant 90 made of a vinyl copolymer resin) is laminated, and a cover glass 8 as a transparent cover layer 8 is integrated on the solar cell layer 9 in a laminated form, Crystal Si-based solar cell module M having an aluminum outer frame M1 attached along the periphery, as shown in FIG. 10, a CIS (copper, indium, selenium) device film on the upper surface of substrate glass 93 on back sheet M2. 94 and a solar cell layer 9 in which a sealing agent 90 made of EVA is integrated in a laminated form, and a cover as a transparent cover layer 8 is provided on the solar cell layer 9 The lath 8 is laminated and integrated, and the CIS solar cell panel M provided with an aluminum outer frame M1 on the outer peripheral edge, and the back sheet M2 is made of EVA as shown in FIG. The sealing agent 90 and the amorphous Si device film 95 are integrated in a layered manner, the solar cell layer 9 is provided, and the cover glass 8 as the transparent cover layer 8 is laminated and integrated on the solar cell layer 9. There is a thin-film Si-based solar cell module M provided with an aluminum outer frame M1 on the outer periphery, and such various solar cell modules M, M,... Can be efficiently recycled by one processing system. Prior to development of separation / recycling technology for solar cell portions 91 having different structures for each company, a transparent cover layer that is firmly bonded to the solar cell layer 9 in a layered manner Effectively separating the cover glass 8 as for a technique for recycling, there is a need to develop priority and quickly.

(Conventional technology)
In view of such a situation, the applicant of the present application has already succeeded in the development and practical application of a technology that can be several solutions.
The technology already developed by the applicant of the present application includes, for example, an internal jig of a vapor deposition apparatus for manufacturing a low-molecular-type organic EL device, as represented by the one proposed in Patent Document 1 (1) below. An organic material removal method for removing organic material adhered to the internal jig by spraying sodium bicarbonate powder on the organic material adhered to the organic material, wherein the organic material removed from the manufacturing apparatus A method of removing an organic material that makes it possible to separate the organic material by dissolving sodium bicarbonate in water from a mixture with the sodium bicarbonate, and a solar cell panel to be recycled as seen in Patent Document 1 (2). A projecting material such as glass beads of the same material as the transparent cover layer is projected onto the transparent cover layer such as a cover glass layer with a jet fluid such as high-pressure air, and the solar cell layer under the transparent cover layer is exposed. Until, crushed transparent cover layer, after separation, the solar cell panel transparent cover pulverized material is separated from a transparent cover layer separation and recovery method so as to collect projection material Morotomo coexist therewith.

As described above, the method for removing an organic material shown in Patent Document 1 (1) uses a baking soda powder as a projection material, and water-washes the mixture of the pulverized organic material and the projection material after the removal treatment. Only baking soda can be dissolved and removed in water, and the man-hours and costs required for the process of separating and recovering the projection material can be greatly reduced. The transparent cover layer separating and recovering method of Patent Document 1 (2) is By using a projection material made of the same material as the transparent cover layer, it is possible to eliminate the step of separating and recovering the projection material. However, both techniques involve a projection fluid such as high-pressure air. Because the projection material is sprayed with a high-speed jet fluid through a nozzle with a small tip opening, it is a great technique for removing a cover glass layer with a large area like a large solar panel. Effort Requires a number of steps, there is a possibility that becomes the future, inadequate techniques for the efficient recycling can spent solar panel that is expected to occur in large quantities.
(1) Japanese Patent No. 5220219 (2) Japanese Patent No. 6154924

(Awareness of problems)
As described above, all of the previously proposed separation / recovery techniques such as various surface layer members have a small area that can be peeled off per unit time, and for example, remove cover glass layers such as large solar cell panels. In this case, it is necessary to proceed with the removal process while moving the projection nozzle vertically and horizontally with respect to the cover glass layer, which requires a lot of labor and man-hours and is difficult to process economically. However, even if it is a large-sized solar cell panel, it is possible to peel off a large area at once, and waste solar cell panels that are expected to occur in large quantities in the future. Has come to realize the possibility of new technology development that enables more efficient recycling.

(Object of invention)
Therefore, the present invention is very quickly developed from the judgment whether it is possible to develop a separation and collection technology for a new surface layer member that can be recycled more quickly and efficiently even for a large solar cell panel, As a result of starting research and repeating trial and error over many years and numerous trial manufactures and experiments, we finally realized a transparent cover layer separation and recovery method with a new structure and a transparent cover layer separation and recovery device used for it. In the following, the configuration will be described in detail together with an embodiment representative of the present invention shown in the drawings.

(Structure of the invention)
As will be clearly understood from the embodiments representing the present invention shown in the drawings, the transparent cover layer separation and recovery method of the present invention basically comprises the following configuration.
That is, a plurality of blades oriented in the centrifugal direction of the uniaxial center are arranged with a projection distance from the transparent cover layer of the solar cell panel to be recycled. In addition to supplying the projection material near the axis of the projection rotor, the projection rotor and the blade are rotated at a high speed, centrifugal force is applied to the projection material to project the projection material, and the solar cell panel The transparent cover layer is crushed and separated until the solar cell layer under the transparent cover layer is exposed, and then the transparent cover pulverized material separated from the solar cell panel is recycled. This is a method for separating and collecting a transparent cover layer, which is summarized in the above configuration.

    The transparent cover layer separation and recovery method consisting of this basic structure can be expressed by changing the expression, and a projection in which a plurality of blades oriented in the centrifugal direction of a single axis are arranged around the same axis. The rotor is arranged such that the uniaxial center is parallel to the solar cell panel to be recycled and the transparent cover layer, or is inclined with respect to the solar cell panel to be recycled and the transparent cover layer. In addition, the projection material is arranged near the projection distance, and the projection material is supplied near the axis of the projection rotor. At the same time, the projection rotor and the blade are rotated at a high speed, and centrifugal force is applied to the projection material. The material is projected and collided with the transparent cover layer of the solar cell panel, and the transparent cover layer is crushed and separated until the solar cell layer under the transparent cover layer is exposed, and then the transparent cell layer separated from the solar cell panel is separated. A crushed and recovered material that is a mixture of the ground pulverized cover and the blasting material mixed in the pulverized transparent cover is recovered, and the selected blasting material having a particle size that can be used as the projecting material, A transparent cover having a structure in which the crushed transparent cover is separated and supplied to the vicinity of the axis of the projection rotor as the projection material, and the crushed transparent cover after the separation is recycled. This is a layer separation and recovery method.

(Related invention 1)
In relation to the transparent cover layer separation and recovery method described above, the present invention also includes a transparent cover layer separation and recovery apparatus used for the method.
That is, a processing booth, and a conveyor for automatically carrying in and automatically carrying out a solar cell panel to be recycled in the processing booth, the processing booth having a plurality of blades oriented in the centrifugal direction Are arranged around the same axis, and the single axis is parallel to the solar cell panel and the transparent cover layer to be recycled, or the solar cell panel and the transparent cover layer to be recycled. A shot blasting machine provided with a projection material supply mechanism in the vicinity of the axial center of the projection rotor, and is arranged to face each other at a projection distance. Under the conveyor, an automatic circuit that automatically collects the crushed and recovered material that is a mixture of the crushed transparent cover separated from the solar panel and the projection material mixed in the pulverized transparent cover. A crushed material recovery machine comprising a sorting mechanism for selecting a projection material to be supplied to the projection material supply mechanism and a discharge mechanism for discharging the crushed transparent cover material from the crushed material collected in the automatic collection unit A transparent cover layer separation / recovery device used in the transparent cover layer separation / recovery method that forms the basis of the present invention, and is provided with an intake duct of a dust collector connected to the processing booth.

    As described above, according to the transparent cover layer separation and recovery method of the present invention, the conventional projection material is sprayed on the surface of the solar cell panel to be recycled at high speed with a high pressure fluid such as high pressure air, and the transparent cover layer is peeled off. Unlike the technology, the unique characteristic configuration as described above gives the projection material a centrifugal force so that it is projected onto the transparent cover layer, which makes it possible to project a large amount of projection material continuously over a wider area. Until now, even if it is a large solar cell panel that required a long time to peel off the transparent cover layer, it will be possible to complete the peeling work of the transparent cover layer more quickly and efficiently. The excellent feature is that the recycling process of used solar cell panels, which are expected to occur in a large amount due to the end of their durable life, can be made much more efficient.

    In addition, after the transparent cover layer is pulverized and separated from the solar cell panel to be recycled, it is a mixture of the transparent cover pulverized material separated from the solar cell panel and the projection material mixed in the pulverized transparent cover material The crushed and recovered material is recovered, and the crushed and recovered material is separated into a screened projection material having a particle size that can be used as a projection material and a transparent cover pulverized material having a particle size other than that, and the projection is used as the projection material. By supplying to the vicinity of the rotor shaft center and recycling the crushed transparent cover after separation, the crushed transparent cover can be recycled more smoothly and the reduction of the projection material is suppressed. This makes it possible to realize a more economical recycling process.

    According to the transparent cover layer separation and recovery device of the present invention, the solar cell panel to be recycled supplied to the conveyor is automatically conveyed into the processing booth, and a large amount of projection material is spread from the shot blast machine to the solar cell panel over a wide area. Since it is to be projected, the peeling processing speed of the transparent cover layer for each solar panel is greatly reduced, and more solar panels can be recycled in a short time. An automatic recovery unit that automatically recovers a crushed and recovered material that is a mixture of the pulverized transparent cover separated from the solar cell panel and the projection material mixed in the pulverized transparent cover, and the Crushing consisting of a sorting mechanism that sorts the projection material supplied to the projection material supply mechanism from the crushing and collected material collected in the automatic collection unit, and a discharge mechanism that discharges the transparent cover pulverized material Since the collection machine is provided, the crushed transparent cover can be collected more efficiently, and since the intake duct of the dust collector is connected to the processing booth, the transparent cover layer was peeled off. It is possible to prevent the crushed transparent cover from adhering and remaining on the surface of the subsequent solar cell panel, and more reliably prevent dust such as the crushed transparent cover from leaking outside the processing booth. It will be possible.

In implementing the present invention having the configuration as described above, the best or desirable mode will be described.
The solar cell panels to be recycled are removed from the solar cell module that has been removed or discarded for various reasons such as aging or damage, and the solar cell part is sealed with a sealant. The transparent cover layer is laminated on the solar cell layer and the back sheet remains on the back surface. For example, it is crystalline Si-based, CIS-based, thin-film Si-based, or other types. it can.
The solar cell module to be recycled is a solar cell module that has been removed or discarded for various reasons such as aging or damage, and a transparent cover is provided on the solar cell layer in which the solar cell portion is sealed with a sealant. A power generation panel made by stacking layers is equipped with a backsheet, junction box, outer frame, and the like.

    According to the transparent cover layer separation and recovery method of the present invention, the projection rotor and a plurality of blades provided integrally with the projection rotor are rotated at a high speed, and the projection material supplied near the axis of the projection rotor is made transparent to the solar cell panel. The transparent cover layer is collided with a centrifugal force from a position separated from the cover layer by a centrifugal force, and the transparent cover layer is crushed and separated until the solar cell layer under the transparent cover layer is exposed. Yes, it is possible to move the solar cell panel relatively continuously and move relative to the projection rotor, and to pulverize the transparent cover layer while moving it intermittently at regular intervals. The separation process can be advanced.

    The projection distance is desirably a distance at which the projection material projected from the rotating projection rotor can give a larger impact force to the transparent cover layer of the solar cell panel, and the centrifugal force applied to the projection material is It should be set to the largest distance, and should be set to a suitable distance according to various conditions such as the diameter and rotation speed of the projection rotor, the particle size and specific gravity of the projection material, and the dimensions of the solar panel to be recycled. For example, in order to avoid an increase in the size of the apparatus, the thickness can be set to 1 mm to 1000 mm. More specifically, in consideration of the size of a solar cell panel that is currently put into practical use, the examples described later are also included. As shown, it can be said that the thickness should be 100 mm to 800 mm, preferably 500 mm.

    The projection material receives the centrifugal force from the projection rotor and blades rotating at high speed, and collides with the solar cell panel to be recycled, and the transparent cover layer of the solar cell panel to be recycled is formed by the collision force accompanied by the inertial force. The transparent cover layer can be selected based on the size, shape, specific gravity, hardness, price, and other conditions, and the transparent cover layer is crushed by impact force with inertial force. It is possible to select a material whose hardness is lower than that of the layer, and considering that the crushing proceeds and prevents excessive crushing when the solar cell layer under the transparent cover layer is exposed, it is more preferable than the transparent cover layer. It is desirable to select a material with low hardness, more specifically, zinc shot, zinc cut wire, reduced iron powder (iron powder), stainless beads, stainless cut wire, Tenless round cut wire, steel shot, steel cut wire, steel round cut wire, steel bead, steel grid, birch grid, aluminum cut wire, copper cut wire, etc., metal system, glass beads, glass powder etc. Ceramic systems such as silicon shot, silicon beads, silicon grid, emery, Jill shot HDC (ceria-safe zirconia), brown fused alumina, white fused alumina, carborundum, green carborundum, boron carbide, nylon media, poly extra, Resins such as Shave Media Y and Shave Media M, Enviro Strip, Enviro Strip XL, E-Strip GPX, Walnut, Apricot, Peach, Corn It is desirable to select at least one kind of special system such as any plant type, molybdenum dioxide, dry ice, baking soda, etc., and the outer shape can be at least one of spherical shape, cylindrical shape and polygonal shape. In view of the above, it is preferable to use a material having a specific gravity of 0.5 to 9.5, preferably 0.7 to 8.8, and a Mohs hardness of 0.5 to 17, preferably 1 It can be made of 14 to 14 materials, and can also be made of a porous material.

    The transparent cover layer separation and recovery device is responsible for separating and recovering the transparent cover layer from the solar cell panel to be recycled, and projects the projection material onto the conveyor that transfers the solar cell panel and the solar cell panel that the conveyor transfers And a processing booth that can surround the shot blasting machine and the solar cell panel during the shot blasting process so as to be dust-proof, and an automatic recovery unit that recovers the crushed and collected material. It can be said that it is desirable.

    The shot blasting machine applies centrifugal force to the projection material, projects the projection material from the projection distance to the transparent cover layer of the solar cell panel to be recycled, and collides with the transparent cover layer of the solar cell panel. A projection rotor having a function of crushing and separating the transparent cover layer until the lower solar cell layer is exposed, and a plurality of blades oriented in the centrifugal direction of the uniaxial center are arranged around the same axial center However, the axis is either parallel to the solar panel to be recycled and the transparent cover layer, or tilted with respect to the solar panel to be recycled and the transparent cover layer. The projection material supply mechanism must be built in the vicinity of the axis of the projection rotor and brought into the processing booth. A plurality of shot blasting machines are provided for one solar cell panel to be recycled, and a plurality of shot blasting machines are simultaneously applied to the transparent cover layer of one or a plurality of solar cell panels. The projection material can be projected.

As shown in the examples described later, this is because two shot blasting machines can project a projection material onto the transparent cover layer of one solar cell panel at the same time. The shot blasting machine does not overlap each other's projection range of the transparent cover layer of one solar cell panel, and projects the projection material simultaneously in completely different areas, two shot blasting machines are one sheet Projecting the projection material to a range where the projection areas of the solar cell panel partially overlap each other, or the entire projection range of the transparent cover layer of one solar panel It is possible to project the projecting material at the same time on the overlapping area, and furthermore, the projection areas of the transparent cover layer of one solar cell panel do not overlap each other, Two shot blasting machines that project the projection material to different ranges in time, and the two shot blasting machines project to a range where a part of each other's projection range overlaps the transparent cover layer of one solar cell panel Projecting the material with a temporal shift in the front or back, or projecting the projection material with a temporal shift in the range where the entire projection range overlaps the transparent cover layer of one solar cell panel, etc. For example, a plurality of shot blasting machines are arranged so that the upstream and downstream of the conveyor carrying and transporting the solar cell panels to be recycled are continuously scattered along the traps. In the process in which the solar cell panel is transferred from the upstream side to the downstream side of the conveyor, the transparent cover layer is gradually crushed and separated until the solar cell layer under the transparent cover layer is exposed. It can be assumed to have been set to so that.

    The shot blasting machine can be moved while maintaining the projection distance with respect to the transparent cover layer of the solar cell panel to be recycled, and a feed set appropriately in the direction parallel to the transparent cover layer. The shot blasting machine should be provided with a projection material supply mechanism for supplying the projection material near the axis of the projection rotor, and In the case where a plurality of shot blasting machines are provided, the blade width and the projection rotor diameter of each shot blasting machine can be made different from each other and supplied to each shot blasting machine It is possible that the projection material to be used is at least one different projection material among conditions such as material, particle size, hardness, specific gravity, mass and shape.

    The transparent cover layer separation and recovery device of the present invention is preferably provided with an automatic recovery unit, and the automatic recovery unit is provided with a crushed transparent cover separated from a solar cell panel and a pulverized transparent cover. Shares the function of automatically recovering the crushed and recovered material that is a mixture with the mixed projection material, and as shown in the examples described later, a hopper-like waste receiving container disposed under the conveyor, and the It can consist of the screw conveyor provided in the lowest part of the waste receptacle.

    Further, the transparent cover layer separation and recovery apparatus of the present invention includes a selection mechanism for selecting the projection material to be supplied to the projection material supply mechanism from the crushed and recovered material recovered by the automatic recovery unit, and a discharge mechanism for discharging the transparent cover pulverized material. It is desirable that a crushed material collecting machine is provided, and the sorting mechanism sorts the projection material mixed in the crushed and collected material, and shares the function of separating the crushed material from the transparent cover to form a centrifuge. For example, when the transparent cover layer and the projection material are a combination of glasses or synthetic resins, and sorting is not necessary for recycling, the sorting mechanism is not provided. Alternatively, it has a sorting mechanism and can be used in a state where the sorting function of the sorting mechanism is stopped, as well as suitable as a projection material by a sieve as shown in the examples described later. The discharge mechanism can share the function of discharging the transparent cover pulverized material selected from the projection material from the transparent cover layer separation and recovery device. In addition to a bowl-shaped or pipe-shaped discharge path having a downward slope toward the outside, discharge conveyors arranged from the sorting mechanism toward an external discharge port, etc. It can be.

    Furthermore, the transparent cover layer separation / recovery device of the present invention can be configured such that the processing booth is connected to the intake duct of the dust collector, and the dust collector is a transparent cover crushed material contained in the air or a projection. It is desirable to share the function of collecting fine particles such as materials and releasing purified air, and to connect the intake duct to the appropriate place in the processing booth. For example, various filters and centrifuge mechanisms As shown in the examples to be described later, it is preferable that an intake duct is connected to each of the flow direction of the conveyor in the processing booth before and after the shot blasting machine is sandwiched. Eliminates crushing and recovery material that is provided near the downstream end of the conveyor of the processing booth and remains on the surface of the solar panel where the transparent cover layer is removed and the solar cell layer is exposed Cleaning brushes such as rotating brushes, cleaning brushes, wipes, wipers, etc., suction cleaners such as suction nozzles and vacuum nozzles, or fluids by spraying fluids such as blowers, air nozzles, and cleaning nozzles Any of pressure cleaners and the like may be included.

The crushed and recovered material is a mixture of the blasting material and the transparent cover pulverized material that has been crushed and separated from the solar cell panel to be recycled. After recovery, the crushed and recovered material is separated into the transparent cover pulverized material and the projecting material. Thus, the crushed transparent cover can be recycled, and the separated projection material can be reused as the projection material, as shown in the examples described later. , Projection material is selected to have a particle size that can be used as a projection material by a sieve, etc., and a mixture of crushed transparent covers that are within the same particle size range regardless of the hardness and density of the material It is also possible.
In the following, the structure of the present invention will be described in detail together with an embodiment representative of the present invention shown in the drawings.

The drawings show some typical embodiments embodying the technical idea of the transparent cover layer separation and recovery method of the present invention and the transparent cover layer separation and recovery device used therefor.
It is a flowchart which shows a transparent cover layer isolation | separation collection method. It is a flowchart which shows the transparent cover layer isolation | separation collection method which added the improvement in part. It is sectional drawing which shows the waist part of the solar cell panel for every process process to (a)-(d). It is a front view which shows a shot blasting machine. It is a side view which shows a shot blasting machine. It is a top view which shows notionally a transparent cover layer separation collection | recovery apparatus. It is a front view showing a transparent cover layer separation collection device. It is a side view showing a transparent cover layer separation collection device. It is sectional drawing which shows the waist | hip | lumbar part of a crystalline Si type solar cell module. It is sectional drawing which shows the waist | hip | lumbar part of a CIS type solar cell panel. It is sectional drawing which shows the principal part of a thin film Si type solar cell module.

The example of the present invention shown in the flow charts of FIGS. 1 and 2 is shown together with the representative specific examples of FIGS. 3 to 8, and a plurality of blades 22 oriented in the centrifugal direction of the uniaxial center 20. However, the projection rotor 21 disposed around the uniaxial center 20 is disposed so as to face the transparent cover layer 8 of the solar cell panel M0 to be recycled with a projection distance PD therebetween, and then the projection rotor At the same time as the projection material 3 is supplied to 21, the projection rotor 21 and the blade 22 are rotated at a high speed, and centrifugal force is applied to the projection material 3 to project the projection material 3 and collide with the transparent cover layer 8 of the solar cell panel M0. The transparent cover layer 8 is pulverized and separated until the solar cell layer 9 under the transparent cover layer 8 is exposed, and then the transparent cover pulverized product J0 separated from the solar cell panel M0 and the transparent cover pulverized Object J0 The crushed and recovered material J that is a mixture with the mixed projection material 3 is recovered, the crushed and recovered material J is separated into the transparent cover pulverized material J0 and the projection material 3, and the transparent cover pulverized material J0 is recycled. It is one typical example in the transparent cover layer separation and recovery method of the present invention.
Hereinafter, a representative example of the transparent cover layer separation and recovery apparatus of the present invention used in the transparent cover layer separation and recovery method of the present invention will be shown first, and the steps of separation and recovery of the transparent cover layer 8 using the apparatus will be described. It will be shown sequentially.

    As shown in FIGS. 3 to 8, the transparent cover layer separation / recovery device 1 of the present invention has a processing booth 10 and a conveyor 4, and the processing booth 10 is directed in the centrifugal direction of the uniaxial center 20. A shot blasting machine 2 in which a plurality of blades 22 are arranged so as to face each other with a projection distance PD with respect to a projection rotor 21 formed around the same axis 20 is provided. Automatic that automatically collects the crushed and recovered material J, which is a mixture of the crushed transparent cover J0 separated from the solar cell panel M0 and the projection material 3 mixed in the crushed transparent cover J0, below the conveyor 4 A collection unit 5 is provided.

    As can be clearly understood from each of these drawings, the transparent cover layer separation and recovery device 1 of the present invention includes a device body frame 11 that has a conveyor 4 having a lateral length that allows a plurality of solar cell panels M0 to be recycled to be arranged. The apparatus main body frame 11 is supported in a horizontal position at a height of 1000 to 1400 mm above the ground, and has a range in which three solar cell panels M0 to be recycled are arranged in the vicinity of the center between both ends of the conveyor 4 in the full length direction. A tunnel-type box shape in which the upstream space 12, the processing space 13, and the downstream space 14 are surrounded, and each end wall of the upstream space 12 and the downstream space 14 before and after the moving direction of the conveyor 4 is made of a soft synthetic resin. It consists of a sheet or soft natural rubber sheet and can pass through the thickness of the solar cell panel M0 placed flat on the conveyor 4 In order to do this, there are provided a processing booth 10 in which a plurality of open vertical slits with a plurality of lower ends and a flexible bowl-shaped film 16 suspended from the flexible gate 16 and an exit gate-type gates 15 and 15 are opened. In the apparatus main body frame 11, an automatic collection unit 5 is provided below the conveyor 4.

    The automatic collection unit 5 is arranged along the lower part of the apparatus main body frame 11 over the entire width and length of the conveyor 4, and can collect the crushed and collected material J falling from the conveyor 4 and the processing booth 10. A rectangular shape in plan view, and a bowl-shaped minimum wall surface portion 51 is provided at the center between the both ends in the width direction of the conveyor 4 at the center in the width direction of the conveyor 4 of the bottom wall portion of the container shape. An upper end opening width direction end facing the width direction end perpendicular to the traveling direction of the conveyor 4 of the upper end opening edge of the waste receiving container 50 is provided as a hopper-type waste receiving container 50 provided The edges are integrated so as to be continuous with the left and right inner walls of the apparatus main body frame 11, and further, a screw conveyor 52 is provided over the entire length of the saddle-shaped minimum wall surface portion 51, Halfway In the lower position, the screw conveyor 52 (and the conveyor 4) is extended in the horizontal direction intersecting in plan view, and dropped to the supply port 61 at one end of the screw conveyor pipe 60 for relay of the crushed material recovery machine 6, It is to be supplied.

The outlet 62 at the other end opposite to the supply port 61 at one end of the screw conveyor pipe 60 for relay of the crushed material recovery machine 6 is orthogonal to the traveling direction of the conveyor 4 of the apparatus main body frame 11 in plan view. A columnar box-shaped casing 64 having a height exceeding the processing booth 10 is erected adjacent to the position where the outside in the width direction is closest to the outside. In the casing 64, the upper and lower ends are horizontally arranged. An endless chain wound between a pair of arranged horizontal shafts and sprockets, and an elevator that also has a plurality of screens provided at a plurality of locations in the middle of the endless chain so as to be appropriately spaced from each other (also serving as a screen) A sorting mechanism 63 composed of none (not shown) is built in, and an elevator that also serves as a sieve of the sorting mechanism 63 removes the crushed and collected material J supplied from the supply port 61 of the screw conveyor pipe 60 to the height of the processing booth 10. The What can be sorted into the projection material 3 that is conveyed so as to rise up to the upper end in the columnar box-shaped casing 64 and that only gives a particle size that can be used as the projection material 3 by applying a slight vibration to the sieve during the ascending process. It is said that.
At the lower end of the sorting mechanism 63, the lower end of a belt conveyor or screw conveyor for transporting the fall-sorted crushed recovered material J to the outside of the transparent cover layer separation and recovery apparatus 1 or a columnar box-shaped housing 64. A discharge mechanism 65 including a scraping port for the crushed and recovered material J with an opening / closing door provided in an appropriate position (not shown) is provided.

    In addition, the crushed material recovery machine 6 has a casing 64, a pair of horizontal shafts horizontally disposed on the upper and lower ends, and an endless chain wound between the sprockets, and a plurality of locations along the endless chain. An elevator including a plurality of buckets provided so as to be appropriately spaced from each other is provided, and a rotary separator (sieving machine) (not shown) serving as a sorting mechanism 63 is disposed near the upper end of the elevator, The crushed and recovered material J supplied from the supply port 61 of the screw conveyor tube 60 is conveyed so as to rise up to the upper end in the columnar box-shaped housing 64 exceeding the height of the processing booth 10 and becomes the sorting mechanism 63. The rotary separator (sieving machine) can be replaced with one that can be sorted into the sorting projection material 3 having only a particle size that can be used as the projection material 3.

    From the upper end of the sorting mechanism 63 to the top of the processing booth 10 and to the vicinity of the center (on the processing space 13) between both ends of the traveling direction of the conveyor 4 (shown by solid arrows in FIG. 7) Two projecting material supply pipes 66, 66 descending and supplying 3 as the projecting material 3 are suspended, and the conveyor 4 advances on the top surface of the processing booth 10 immediately above the processing space 13 of the processing booth 10. A total of two shot blasting machines 2 and 2 are mounted on each side of the conveyor 4 in the width direction orthogonal to the direction, and as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, these shot blasting machines 2 includes a projection rotor 21 in which a plurality of blades 22 oriented in the centrifugal direction of a single axis 20 are arranged around the same axis 20, for example, the width W of the blade 22 is 60 mm, and the projection rotor 21 outer diameter Φ is set to 450mm The uniaxial center 20 is parallel to the recycling target solar cell panel M0 and the transparent cover layer 8 mounted on the conveyor 4 and is directed in the traveling direction of the conveyor 4, and the lower end edge of the projection rotor 21 Is arranged so as to face the transparent cover layer 8 of the solar cell panel M0 when moved into the processing space 13 with a projection distance PD of 500 mm apart, and is projected near the axis 20 of the projection rotor 21. A hopper-like projection material supply mechanism 23 to which the lower end of the material supply pipeline 66 is connected is incorporated.

    As shown in FIGS. 6 to 8, two shot blasting machines 2, 2 are arranged on the top surface directly above the processing space 13 of the processing booth 10 so as to be adjacent to each other in the direction orthogonal to the traveling direction of the conveyor 4. Is rotated by a rotational drive source (not shown), for example, at a speed of 3000 revolutions per minute, and is conveyed to the solar cell panel M0 in the processing booth 10 that has been conveyed by the conveyor 4 to directly below the respective shot blasting machines 2 and 2. 4, FIG. 5, FIG. 7, and FIG. 5, with an opening angle α (shown in FIG. 4) of about 60 ° in the width direction of the blade 22 (the direction of travel of the conveyor 4). As indicated by a broken line in FIG. 8, the projection material 3 is projected onto a range where the plane area is expanded downward.

    The projection material 3 is made of a material that does not damage the sealant 90, which is the lower layer of the transparent cover layer 8 of the solar cell panel M0 to be recycled, and that can peel the transparent cover layer 8 by a shorter time projection. It is desirable that the material having a higher specific gravity and hardness, for example, the metal-based projection material 3 can efficiently peel off the transparent cover layer 8, but the projection material 3 having a higher hardness Since the wear in the blasting machine 2 and the processing booth 10 becomes intense, the wear resistance strength in the shot blasting machine 2 and the processing booth 10 must be increased, and the transparent cover layer separation and recovery device 1 increases. For example, zinc shot (spherical, specific gravity 7.2, hardness 2), zinc cut Year (cylindrical, specific gravity 7.2, hardness 4.5), copper cut wire (cylindrical, specific gravity 8.8, hardness 6) becomes advantageous when the like.

As shown in FIGS. 6 to 8, the front end walls of the upstream space 12 and the downstream space 14 of the processing booth 10 are connected so that the tips of the intake ducts 70 and 70 are connected to the inside of the processing booth 10 from outside. The base ends of the intake ducts 70 and 70 are extended and connected to a dust collector 7 installed on the outside of the apparatus main body frame 11, and the dust collector 7 has a centrifugal separation mechanism (not shown) therein. And a dust discharge port 71 at the lower part of the centrifugal separation mechanism. As shown by broken line arrows in FIG. 6, the air in the processing booth 10 is sucked through the intake ducts 70, 70, and the dust collector 7 Dust separated from the air is discharged out of the dust collector 7 through the dust discharge port 71.
Furthermore, the transparent cover remaining on the solar cell panel M0 immediately before being carried out from the gate-shaped gate 12 of the downstream space 14 at the end of the downstream side of the conveyor 4 on the top wall of the downstream space 14 of the processing booth 10. A blower 72 that blows away and cleans the pulverized material J0 and the projection material 3 is provided.

    As shown in FIG. 7, a shot blasting machine 2, a conveyor 4, an automatic recovery unit 5, a crusher of the transparent cover layer separation / recovery device 1 are placed on a suitable place of the transparent cover layer separation / recovery device 1, for example, the top surface of the processing booth 10. An operation panel 17 capable of operating each part such as the material collection device 6, the discharge mechanism 64, the dust collector 7 and the blower 72 is provided, and further, a control device including a microcomputer, a relay circuit, etc. Limit switches and the like (none of them are shown) are arranged so as to be automatically controlled in response to an input operation to the operation panel 17, and the transparent cover layer separation and recovery device 1 A free conveyor 40 having a plurality of roller pulleys provided on the top plate is arranged at the upstream end of the conveyor 4 so that the top surface of the free conveyor 40 is flush with the top surface of the conveyor 4. There as things.

(Operation / Effect of Example 1)
The transparent cover layer separation / recovery device 1 of the present invention having the above-described configuration can be used for the transparent cover layer separation / recovery method which is the basis of the present invention, as shown in FIGS.
Hereinafter, each process of the transparent cover layer separation and recovery method using the transparent cover layer separation and recovery apparatus 1 of the present invention will be described.

    As shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B and FIGS. 6 to 8, the outer frame M1 and the junction box M3 are removed from the plurality of solar cell modules M to be recycled, and the solar to be recycled. After the battery panel M0 is set, the transparent cover layer 8 is placed on the free conveyor 40 so that the back sheet M2 faces downward, and is supplied to the upstream end of the conveyor 4, and then transparent by the operation of the operation panel 17. The cover layer separation / recovery device 1 is activated.

    As shown in FIGS. 1 to 8, the activated transparent cover layer separation and recovery apparatus 1 is configured such that the conveyor 4 is driven at a speed of 2 m / min, the screw conveyor 52 of the automatic recovery unit 5, and the crushed material recovery machine 6. The screw conveyor tube 60, the sorting mechanism 63, and the shot blasting machines 2 and 2 are activated, and a plurality of solar cell panels M0 to be recycled pass through the processing booth 10 under the bowl-like film 16 of the gate-type gate 15 upstream. The two shot blasting machines 2 and 2 are continuously supplied to the upstream space 12 one by one, and the two shot blasting machines 2 and 2 are rotated at 3000 revolutions per minute with respect to one solar cell panel M0 that has reached the processing space 13. While rotating at a speed, one of the shot blasting machines 2 has about 1/2 width SW (1/2 width between both ends of the width direction of the conveyor 4) of the width dimension orthogonal to the traveling direction of the solar cell panel M0. 15 The projection material 3 is projected in a range of 170 mm, and the projection material 3 is projected onto the entire width (for example, 300 to 340 mm) of one solar cell panel M0 by the two shot blasting machines 2 and 2, and the conveyor 4 , The transparent cover layer 8 immediately below the two shot blasting machines 2 and 2 is crushed and separated (A), and proceeds from the processing space 13 toward the downstream space 14 to the solar cell panel M0. The transparent cover layer 8 is pulverized and separated until the solar cell layer 9 under the transparent cover layer 8 is gradually exposed over the entire surface while passing directly under the two shot blasting machines 2 and 2. The sealing agent 90 having the elasticity of the layer 9 cushions the impact force of the projection material 3 to prevent the solar cell layer 9 from being crushed or peeled off, and only the transparent cover layer 8 is efficiently removed from the solar cell panel M0. Removal It becomes to be separated.

    More specifically, the abrasive spray amount of the conventional sandblasting apparatus using compressed air is 10 kg per minute, and it takes 10 minutes to remove the transparent cover layer 8 from one solar cell panel M0. Compared to this, the shot blasting machine 2 shown in the first embodiment can project 160 kg of the projection material 3 per minute, and can cover the transparent cover from one solar cell panel M0. The time required to remove the layer 8 is 1 minute, 1/10 of the previous amount, and the replenishment amount of the projection material 3 is less than 10 kg every time 100 sheets of solar cell panels M0 to be recycled are processed. The replenishment amount can be reduced to a very small amount.

    The solar cell panel M0 obtained by crushing and separating the transparent cover layer 8 over the entire surface is gradually transferred to the downstream space 14 of the processing booth 10 by the conveyor 4, and further, the saddle-shaped film 16 of the gate-type gate 15 on the downstream side. The high pressure air from the blower 72 is blown to the solar cell layer 9 and the fragments and dust such as the transparent cover pulverized material J0 and the projection material 3 remaining on the solar cell layer 9 are blown away and cleaned. After that, the downstream end passes under the hook-like film 16 of the gate-type gate 15 and the downstream end of the conveyor 4 is sent to the trap, as shown in FIGS. 3 (c) and 3 (d). The solar cell panel M0 from which the solar cell layer 9 is exposed is sent to the next process of the recycling process.

    As shown in FIGS. 6 to 8, a plurality of solar cell panels M0, M0,... To be recycled pass through the processing booth 10 continuously, and the transparent cover layers 8, 8, .. Are crushed and separated, and the mixture of the transparent cover pulverized material J0 and the projection material 3 (J0, 3) falls from the conveyor 4 in the processing booth 10 into the waste receiving container 50 of the automatic recovery unit 5, The mixture of the transparent cover pulverized material J0 and the projection material 3 (J0, 3) becomes the crushed and recovered material J (B), gathers in a sliding shape by its own weight up to the bowl-shaped lowest wall surface 51, and the screw conveyor 52 collects the crushed material The crushed and recovered product J is transferred to the sorting mechanism 63 from the outlet 62 of the screw conveyor tube 60, and the sorting mechanism 63 is provided in the housing 64. Doubles as a sieve The sorting projection material 3 (the transparent cover pulverized material J0 and the projection material 3 within the particle size range usable as the projection material 3) screened from the crushed and collected material J by an elevator (not shown) is the casing 64. After being raised to the vicinity of the upper end (C), the blasting material 3 is supplied to the blasting material supply mechanisms 23 and 23 of the two shot blasting machines 2 and 2 (E). The crushed transparent cover J0 that has been excluded without being selected as the projection material 3 is discharged out of the transparent cover layer separation and recovery device 1 through the discharge mechanism 65 and sent to the next step of the recycling process (D).

    As shown in FIGS. 6 to 8, the dust collector 7 includes the air in the upstream space 12 and the downstream space 14 in the processing booth 10 through the intake ducts 70, 70, and the crushed transparent cover J0 and the projecting material 3 mixed in the air. In the dust collector 7, the air and the transparent cover pulverized material J 0, the projecting material 3, etc. are sucked together to clean the upstream space 12 and the downstream space 14 in the processing booth 10. The separated fragments and powders are separated, the separated air is discharged to the outside of the dust collector 7, and the fragments and powders such as the crushed transparent cover J0 and the projection material 3 separated from the air are collected in the dust collector 7. The dust is discharged from the dust outlet 71 so that various components such as the pulverized transparent cover J0 and the projection material 3 can be separated from the collected dust and recycled.

(Conclusion)
As described above, the transparent cover layer separation / recovery method of the present invention and the transparent cover layer separation / recovery device used therefor can achieve the intended purpose evenly by the novel configuration, and the projection material is centrifuged. The transparent cover layer separation and recovery device of this invention equipped with a shot blasting machine that projects with force, eliminates the need for a compressor and reduces the size of the entire device compared to the conventional technique of spraying projection material with compressed air. In addition to being easy to manufacture, a wider area of the transparent cover layer of the solar cell panel to be recycled can be crushed and separated more quickly, and a plurality of solar cell panels can be made continuous and short. Recycling under contract for solar cell module recycling that is expected to occur in large quantities in the future because it can be recycled in time The industry is solid, the power generation industry using solar cell modules that wants to reduce the burden of recycling costs as much as possible, and the manufacturing industry of various products that recycle and produce new products using materials obtained through recycling It is highly appreciated and is expected to become widely used and popularized.

1 Transparent cover layer separation and recovery device
10 Processing booth
11 Equipment frame
12 Same upstream space
13 Processing space
14 Same downstream space
15 Same type gate
16 Same saddle film
17 Operation panel 2 Shot blasting machine
20 Same axis
21 Projection rotor
Φ Same outer diameter of projection rotor
22 Same blade
W Same blade width
23 Projection Material Supply Mechanism 3 Projection Material (Selective Projection Material)
PD Same as projection distance
α Same angle of projection in the blade width (uniaxial) direction
SW Same projection width in the blade width (uniaxial) direction 4 Conveyor
40 Free conveyor 5 Automatic recovery section
50 Trash receptacle
51 Same bowl-shaped minimum wall surface
52 Same screw conveyor 6 Crushed material recovery machine
60 Same screw conveyor tube
61 Same supply port
62 Same outlet
63 Same sorting mechanism
64 Same housing
65 Discharge mechanism
66 Projection supply line 7 Dust collector
70 Same air intake duct
71 Same dust outlet
72 Blower M Solar modules for recycling
M0 Same solar panel for recycling
M1 Same outer frame
M2 Same backsheet
M3 Same junction box 8 Transparent cover layer 9 Solar cell layer
90 Same sealant
91 Solar cell section
92 Solar cell (element, thin film solar cell device, device part)
93 Same substrate glass
94 CIS device film (copper, indium, selenium)
95 Amorphous Si device film J Crushed material
J0 Same transparent cover pulverized product A A process of projecting a projection material onto a transparent cover layer B A process of recovering a crushed recovered product C A process of separating a crushed recovered product from a crushed recovered product D A process of recycling recycled crushed material E Sorting Supplying the projection material as a projection material to the projection rotor

Claims (3)

    A plurality of blades oriented in the centrifugal direction of a single axis so that the projection rotor disposed around the same axis faces the transparent cover layer of the solar panel to be recycled with a projection distance apart. In addition to supplying a projection material near the axis of the projection rotor, the projection rotor and blades are rotated at a high speed, and centrifugal force is applied to the projection material to project the projection material. The transparent cover layer was crushed and separated until the solar cell layer under the transparent cover layer was exposed, and then the transparent cover pulverized material separated from the solar cell panel was recycled. A method for separating and recovering a transparent cover layer.     A plurality of blades oriented in the centrifugal direction of a uniaxial center are arranged on a projection rotor arranged around the same axis, and the uniaxial center is parallel to the solar cell panel to be recycled and the transparent cover layer. Or a posture inclined with respect to the solar cell panel to be recycled and the transparent cover layer, and arranged so as to face each other at a projection distance, and the axis of the projection rotor At the same time as supplying the projection material to the vicinity, the projection rotor and the blade are rotated at a high speed, centrifugal force is applied to the projection material to project the projection material, and it is made to collide with the transparent cover layer of the solar cell panel. After the transparent cover layer is pulverized and separated until the solar cell layer is exposed, the transparent cover pulverized material separated from the solar cell panel and the projection material mixed in the pulverized transparent cover material are broken. The recovered material is recovered, and the crushed and recovered material is separated into a screened projection material having a particle size that can be used as a projection material and a transparent cover pulverized material having a particle size other than that, and the projection is used as the projection material. A transparent cover layer separation and recovery method, wherein the transparent cover pulverized material after separation processing is recycled while being supplied near the axis of the rotor. A processing booth and a conveyor for automatically carrying in and automatically carrying out the solar cell panel to be recycled in the processing booth, and a plurality of blades oriented in the centrifugal direction of a single axis are the same in the processing booth A projection rotor arranged around an axis, the axis being parallel to the solar panel to be recycled and the transparent cover layer, or to the solar panel to be recycled and the transparent cover layer A shot blasting machine with a projection material supply mechanism built in the vicinity of the axis of the projection rotor is provided, which is arranged to face any one of the inclined postures and at a distance from the projection distance. An automatic recovery unit that automatically recovers a crushed and recovered material that is a mixture of the pulverized transparent cover separated from the solar cell panel and the projection material mixed in the pulverized transparent cover, and A crushed material recovery machine comprising a selection mechanism for selecting the projection material supplied to the blast material supply mechanism from the crushed material recovered in the automatic recovery unit, and a discharge mechanism for discharging the transparent cover pulverized material is provided, A transparent cover layer separation and recovery device, characterized in that the processing booth is connected to an intake duct of a dust collector.