JP2018522055A - がんを処置するためのサプレッサー細胞の近赤外光免疫療法(nir−pit) - Google Patents
がんを処置するためのサプレッサー細胞の近赤外光免疫療法(nir−pit) Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
この出願は、2015年8月7日に出願された米国仮出願第62/202,252号(これは、参考として本明細書に援用される)に対する優先権を主張する。
近赤外光免疫療法(NIR−PIT)は、近赤外光によって活性化される抗体−光吸収体コンジュゲートの活性化を使用して細胞を死滅させる、がんの処置方法である(14)。抗体は、適切な細胞表面抗原に結合するものであり、光活性化可能なシリカ−フタロシアニン色素(IRDye700DX)は、NIR光曝露後に細胞膜に対する致死的な損傷を誘導するものである。NIR光曝露(690nm)により、隣接する細胞の損傷は伴わずに、高度に選択的な壊死性がん細胞死が数分以内に誘導される。手術不能の頭頸部がんの処置に関して、腫瘍EGFRを標的とする、セツキシマブ−IR700を使用したNIR−PITの第I相ヒト試験が現在進行中である。NIR−PITは、近接する正常細胞は無傷のままにしながら、標的細胞を特異的に死滅させるものと思われる(15〜17)。
IR700(IRDye(登録商標)700DX):次式
以下に示すエステルを含めた、そのような分子の誘導体も包含する
例えば免疫チェックポイント阻害剤によってなどで免疫サプレッサーを阻害することによるがん免疫療法を、がんを処置するために使用することができる。しかし、免疫系の活性化が標的がん組織だけでなく正常組織においても見いだされ得るようになるので、全身性自己免疫性反応の潜在性が、これらの薬剤に伴う問題である。したがって、方法は、体内の他の所の恒常性を撹乱することなく、腫瘍内のサプレッサーとエフェクター細胞の平衡の操作を可能にするものである必要がある。CD4+CD25+Foxp3+調節性T細胞(Treg)は、腫瘍免疫回避において重要な役割を果たす免疫サプレッサー細胞であり、全身性免疫療法の標的にされている。
本開示は、サプレッサー細胞を死滅させるための方法を提供する。サプレッサー細胞は、その表面上にIR700などの光増感剤とコンジュゲートした抗体(本明細書では、抗体−IR700分子と称される)と特異的に結合することが可能なタンパク質(複数可)を発現する。サプレッサー細胞を、治療有効量の1つまたは複数の抗体−IR700分子(例えば、薬学的におよび生理的に許容される流体などの、薬学的に許容される担体の存在下)と、抗体がサプレッサー細胞表面タンパク質に特異的に結合することが可能になる条件下で接触させる。例えば、抗体−IR700分子は、例えば水、生理食塩水、平衡塩類溶液(例えば、PBS/EDTAなど)、水性デキストロース、ゴマ油、グリセロール、エタノール、これらの組合せなどの薬学的に有効な担体をビヒクルとしてその中に存在してよい。担体および組成物を滅菌で有り得、製剤は投与形式に適したものである。サプレッサー細胞をNIR範囲内の光に曝露させ、それにより、NIRに曝露した、サプレッサー細胞膜抗体−IR700分子(複数可)と結合したサプレッサー細胞の死滅を導く。抗体−IR700分子(複数可)は全身に分布し得るが、NIRが適用されたところでのみ活性であり、それによりオフターゲットの効果の可能性が低下する。
1つまたは複数の抗体−IR700分子によって死滅するサプレッサー細胞は、培養物中で成長しているものであってもよく、がんを有する患者などの、処置される哺乳動物中に存在するものであってもよい。任意の型のサプレッサー細胞を開示されている方法を用いて死滅させることができる。サプレッサー細胞は、細胞表面タンパク質を発現し、それに対して、そのようなサプレッサー細胞表面タンパク質に特異的に結合する抗体を選択または生成することができ、そのサプレッサー細胞表面タンパク質に対する抗体−IR700分子を生成することができる。表1に、開示されている療法を用いて標的化することができる例示的なサプレッサー細胞およびサプレッサー細胞表面タンパク質を提示する。抗体−IR700分子の抗体または抗体断片は、表1に列挙されているサプレッサー細胞表面タンパク質、または細胞表面上に存在するタンパク質の一部(例えば、これらのタンパク質について以下に提示されているGenBank(登録商標)受託番号で提供されるタンパク質の細胞表面エピトープなど)に特異的に結合するものであってよい。
死滅させる/標的化するサプレッサー細胞がCD4+CD25+Foxp3+Tregである場合、抗CD4、抗CD25、抗CXCR4、抗CCR4、抗GITR、抗OX40、抗FR4、および/または抗CTLA4抗体(例えば、機能的Fc領域を有さない)を抗体−IR700分子の一部として使用することができる。
死滅させる/標的化するサプレッサー細胞がII型NKT細胞である場合、抗CD16および/または抗CD56抗体(例えば、機能的Fc領域を有さない)を抗体−IR700分子の一部として使用することができる。
死滅させる/標的化するサプレッサー細胞がCD8+CD122+Tregである場合、抗CD8および/または抗CD122抗体(例えば、機能的Fc領域を有さない)を抗体−IR700分子の一部として使用することができる。
死滅させる/標的化するサプレッサー細胞がM2マクロファージ細胞である場合、抗CD23、抗CD163、抗CD206、抗CD11b、抗Gr−1、抗CD14、抗IL−4Ra、抗IL−1Ra、および/または抗IL−1デコイ受容体抗体(例えば、機能的Fc領域を有さない)を抗体−IR700分子の一部として使用することができる。
死滅させる/標的化するサプレッサー細胞が腫瘍浸潤線維芽細胞である場合、抗線維芽細胞活性化タンパク質(FAP)抗体(例えば、機能的Fc領域を有さない)を抗体−IR700分子の一部として使用することができる。
死滅させる/標的化するサプレッサー細胞が骨髄由来サプレッサー細胞である場合、抗CXCR2抗体、抗CD11b抗体、抗CD14抗体、抗CD33抗体、および抗CD66b抗体(例えば、機能的Fc領域を有さない)を抗体−IR700分子の一部として使用することができる。
開示されている、1つまたは複数の抗体−IR700分子を使用してサプレッサー細胞を死滅させる方法は、腫瘍細胞、例えば、がん細胞など、例えば、がんを有する患者の細胞を処置する(例えば、死滅させる)ために使用することができる。サプレッサー細胞は、エフェクターT細胞(Teff)、NK細胞、および/または樹状細胞を抑制して免疫抑制を駆動し、がんの免疫媒介性拒絶反応を妨げる可能性がある。したがって、開示されている方法を使用して生存可能なサプレッサー細胞の数を減少させることにより、今度は、Teff(例えば、細胞傷害性CD8+細胞)が腫瘍/がん細胞を死滅させるために利用可能になる。
一部の実施例では、開示されている方法を使用して、本明細書に記載されている腫瘍などの腫瘍を有する被験体を処置する。一部の実施例では、腫瘍が以前に処置されている、例えば、外科的にまたは化学的に除去されており、その後、患者中に残っている可能性があるあらゆる残りの望ましくない腫瘍細胞を死滅させるために、開示されている方法を使用する。
抗体−IR700分子および追加的な治療剤(例えば、抗新生物剤など)は、in vitroにおいて、例えば、抗体−IR700分子および追加的な治療薬を細胞が成長している成長培地に添加することによってサプレッサー細胞と接触させることもでき、またはin vivoにおいて、例えば、抗体−IR700分子を処置される被験体に投与することによってサプレッサー細胞と接触させることもできる。
サプレッサー細胞を1つまたは複数の抗体−IR700分子と接触させた後、それらに対して照射を行う。照射の方法は当技術分野で周知である。サプレッサー細胞表面タンパク質(複数可)を発現するサプレッサー細胞のみが抗体によって認識されるので、それらのサプレッサー細胞のみに十分な量の抗体−IR700分子が結合する。これにより、照射により抗体−IR700分子が結合した細胞のみが死滅し、他の細胞は死滅しないので、他の免疫細胞の死滅などの望ましくない副作用の可能性が低減する。
上記の通り、1つまたは複数の抗体−IR700分子を投与する前、その間、またはその後に、被験体は1つまたは複数の他の療法を受けることができる。一実施例では、被験体は、抗体−IR700分子を投与する前に、腫瘍を除去するまたは縮小させるために1つまたは複数の処置を受ける。一実施例では、被験体は、抗体−IR700分子の投与後に1つまたは複数の処置を受ける。一部の実施例では、1つまたは複数の抗体−IR700分子を投与し、NIR照射を行った後に、被験体に、例えば、サイトカイン/ケモカインの上昇に起因する副作用が生じた場合、被験体を、1つまたは複数の抗サイトカイン剤(例えば、トシリズマブなど、例えば、4〜8mg/kgでのIV注入として)を用いて処置する。
身体に装着することまたは配置することができ、NIR LEDの組み入れに適した任意の型の物品を使用することができる。一実施例では、デバイスは、患者が挿入されるチャンバーである。そのようなデバイスは、白血病、リンパ腫などの血液またはリンパ液中を循環しているサプレッサー細胞および/または腫瘍細胞、ならびに血液またはリンパ液中に存在する転移性細胞を死滅させるために使用することができる。
本明細書に記載の通り、開示されている方法は、サプレッサー細胞に対して高度に特異的である。一部の実施例では、NIR LEDを組み入れたデバイスを装着した患者の体内を循環しているサプレッサー細胞を死滅させることができる。一部の実施例では、患者は、少なくとも2つのデバイス、例えば、日中に衣料品または宝飾品を使用し、夜に毛布を使用する。一部の実施例では、患者は、少なくとも2つのデバイスを同時に、例えば、2つの衣料品を使用する。これらのデバイスにより、携帯できる日用品である衣類および宝飾品を使用して患者をNIR光に曝露させることが可能になり、したがって、処置は個人的なものにとどまり、また日常の活動に干渉しない。一部の実施例では、デバイスは、PIT療法の日中に目立たずに装着するものであってよい。
開示されている方法で使用することができる抗体−IR700分子であって、抗体が、サプレッサー細胞表面タンパク質に特異的に結合する、一部の実施例では機能的Fc領域を含まないものである、抗体−IR700分子も提供される。一部の実施例では、抗体は、1つまたは複数のF(ab’)2断片であるまたはそれからなる。一部の実施例では、抗体は、1つまたは複数のFab断片であるまたはそれからなる。一部の実施例では、抗体対IR700の比は、約1:3である。一部の実施例では、抗体は、モノクローナル抗体またはその一部分(例えば、F(ab’)2断片またはFab断片)、例えば、ヒト化モノクローナル抗体またはその一部分(例えば、1つまたは複数のF(ab’)2断片またはFab断片)などである。
材料および方法
試薬
水溶性ケイ素−フタロシアニン誘導体IRDye 700DX NHSエステルは、LI−COR Bioscience(Lincoln、NE)から入手した。抗マウスCD25抗体(PC−61.5.3)およびラット−IgG1(HRPN)はBioXCell(West Lebanon、NH)から入手した。他の化学物質は全て試薬グレードのものであった。
ルシフェラーゼを発現するMC38(マウス結腸がん)、LL/2(ルイス肺癌)、およびTRAMP−C2(前立腺がん)マウス細胞株(それぞれATCC、Manassas、VA.MC38−luc、LL/2−luc、およびTRAMP−C2−luc)を、RediFect Red−FLucレンチウイルス粒子(PerkinElmer、Waltham、MA)を形質導入することによって樹立した。10回の継代で高ルシフェラーゼ発現が確認された。IL−2依存性CD25発現マウスTリンパ球HT−2クローンA5E細胞(HT−2−A5E)はATCCから入手した。細胞を、10%ウシ胎仔血清および100IU/mLのペニシリン/100μg/mLのストレプトマイシン(Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.)を補充したRPMI 1640培地(Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.、Rockford、IL)で培養した。HT−2−A5E細胞培養については、0.05mMの2−メルカプトエタノールおよび0.1nMのヒトIL−2(Roche、Nutley、NJ)も添加した。
抗マウスCD25抗体のF(ab’)2断片(PC−61.5.3、抗CD25−F(ab’)2)および対照としてラット−IgG1のF(ab’)2断片(対照−F(ab’)2)を、全抗体を、4mMのシステインおよび5mMのエチレンジアミン四酢酸(pH6.0)を伴う10mMのクエン酸緩衝液中固定化フィシン(Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.)を使用して37℃で26時間にわたって消化することによって生成した。消化後、F(ab’)2を、G2000SWxLカラムおよび溶離液としてリン酸緩衝食塩水(PBS)(流量:毎分0.5ml)を用いた高速液体クロマトグラフィー(HPLC)を用いて精製した。
抗CD25−F(ab’)2または対照−F(ab’)2(9.1nmol)をIR700 NHSエステル(45.5nmol、LI−COR Bioscience)と一緒に0.1mol/LのNa2HPO4(pH8.6)0.3ml中、室温で1時間インキュベートした。混合物を、Sephadex G25カラム(PD−10;GE Healthcare、Piscataway、NJ)を用いて精製した。タンパク質濃度を、Coomassie Plusタンパク質アッセイキット(Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.)を使用し、8453 Value System(Agilent Technologies、Santa Clara、CA)を使用して595nmにおける吸収を測定することによって決定した。IR700の濃度を、689nmにおける吸収を測定することによって決定し、各F(ab’)2分子にコンジュゲートしたフルオロフォア分子の数を算出した。平均で3つのIR700分子が単一のF(ab’)2と結合するようにコンジュゲーションを実施した。
抗CD25−F(ab’)2−IR700を、10,000個のHT−2−A5E細胞と一緒に、10μg/mLで6時間インキュベートし、PBSで洗浄し、2μg/mLのヨウ化プロピジウム(PI)(Life Technologies)で30分にわたって添加した。次いで、細胞を近赤外(NIR)光(4J/cm2)に曝露し、IR700蛍光に対するフィルターセット(590〜650nm励起フィルター;665〜740nmバンドパス放出フィルター)を備えた蛍光顕微鏡(IX61;Olympus America、Melville、NY)を使用して連続的な画像を得た。画像を、ImageJソフトウェアを使用して解析した。
HT−2−A5E細胞100,000個を、24ウェルプレートに播種し、10μg/mLの抗CD25−F(ab’)2−IR700と一緒に37℃で6時間インキュベートした。細胞をPBSで洗浄した後、フェノールレッドを伴わない培養培地を添加した。次いで、細胞に、670〜710nmの波長で光を放出するNIR LED(L690−66−60;Marubeni America Co.、Santa Clara、CA)を照射した。実際の出力密度(mW/cm2)を、光パワーメーター(PM100、Thorlabs、Newton、NJ)を用いて測定した。PITの細胞傷害効果を決定するために、照射の1時間後にPIを細胞懸濁物に添加し(最終的に2μg/mL)、室温で30分インキュベートし、次いで、PI染色された(死)細胞をフローサイトメトリーによって分析した。
11〜15週齢のC57BL/6マウスまたはインターフェロンガンマ欠損(IFNγ−KO)マウス(Jackson Laboratory、Bar Harbor、ME)に、6百万個のMC38−luc細胞、LL/2−luc細胞、または8百万個のTRAMP−C2−luc細胞を右側/左側背部に接種した。およそ150mm3(直径6〜7mm)の腫瘍を有するマウスを実験に使用した(接種の約5〜7日後)。マウスの腫瘍部位を照射および画像解析のために剃毛した。
療法の前後のIR700−蛍光画像を、蛍光イメージャー(Pearl Imager、LI−COR Bioscience)を用いて順次取得した。
腫瘍接種後、1つの腫瘍を有するマウスについては6日目、または多数の腫瘍を有するマウスについては7日目に、腫瘍への局所的CD25標的化NIR−PITを実施した。マウスに、100μgの抗CD25−F(ab’)2−IR700または対照−F(ab’)2−IR700を注射し、翌日、NIR光を、別段の指定がない限り右側の腫瘍に100J/cm2で照射した。
抗CD25−F(ab’)2投与のCD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg細胞に対する全身的な影響を決定するために、100μgの抗CD25−F(ab’)2または抗CD25−IgGをマウスに静脈内注射し、1日後に脾細胞をCD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg細胞について分析した。抗CD25−F(ab’)2−IR700 NIR−PITの種々のリンパ球に対する影響を決定するために、NIR−PIT後の示されている時間に腫瘍および脾臓を回収した。局所的CD25標的化NIR−PITの潜在的な副作用を調査するために、療法の1日後に肺を回収した。切り出した組織を、70μmのフィルターを通過させ、その後、フィコール遠心分離することにより、単一細胞懸濁物を調製した。
腫瘍接種および処置を記載の通り実施した。LL/2−luc腫瘍への局所的CD25標的化NIR−PITの前、ならびに1.5時間後および1日後にマウスから血清を順次採取した。腫瘍を回収し、切り出した組織をComplete Protease Inhibitor Cocktail(Roche)を伴うPBS中、70μmのフィルターを通過させることによって単一細胞懸濁物を調製した。次に、これらを5000rpmで15分遠心分離し、上清を採取し、0.2μmで濾過した。肺または腸を回収し、試料を同様に調製した。全ての試料のタンパク質濃度を、BCAアッセイ(Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.)を使用して正規化し、種々のサイトカインおよびケモカインの濃度を、EVE Technologies(Calgary、AB、Canada)によるMouse Cytokine Array/Chemokine Arrayを用いて分析した。
抗NK1.1(PK136)または抗CD8a(2.43)枯渇抗体、または抗IFNγ(XMG1.2)中和抗体を、PITの2日前から開始して2日毎に、それぞれ25μg、50μg、100μgの用量で、マウスを安楽死させるまで腹腔内注射した(レジメン参照、図23A)。抗体は全てBioXCellから入手した。
データは、別段の指定のない限り、最低4つの実験からの平均±s.e.m.として表されている。統計プログラム(GraphPad Prism;GraphPad Software、La Jolla、CA)を用いて統計解析を実施した。2つの群の比較にはマン・ホイットニー検定または対応のないt検定を利用した。多数の群の比較には一元配置分散分析(ANOVA)とチューキー検定またはダネット検定を使用した。各群における、本明細書では直径が2cmに到達できない腫瘍として決定される生存の累積確率を、カプラン・マイヤー生存曲線分析として推定し、結果をログランク検定およびウィルコクソンの検定を用いて比較した。P<0.05を、統計的有意差を示すとみなした。
抗CD25−F(ab’)2−IR700の調製
抗マウスCD25抗体のF(ab’)2断片(抗CD25−F(ab’)2)または対照としてラット−IgG1のF(ab’)2断片を図1に示されている通り生成した。得られたF(ab’)2断片はFc部分を有さず、したがって、in vivoにおいて有意なADCC応答を生じない。
抗CD25−F(ab’)2−IR700のin vitroにおける特徴付け
in vivoにおけるFc媒介性抗体依存性細胞性細胞傷害(ADCC)および補体依存性細胞傷害(CDC)を回避するために、抗CD25抗体からF(ab’)2(抗CD25−F(ab’)2)を、そして対照IgG抗体からF(ab’)2(対照−F(ab’)2)を生成した。両方のF(ab’)2を、高速液体クロマトグラフィー(HPLC)を用いて90%超の純度(約97%)に精製し、IR700色素とコンジュゲートした(それぞれ抗CD25−F(ab’)2−IR700および対照−F(ab’)2−IR700)(図2Aおよび2B)。抗CD25−F(ab’)2−IR700では、マウスTリンパ球HT−2クローンA5E(HT−2−A5E)細胞上に発現するCD25への特異的な結合が示された(図2C)。これらの結果から、消化、精製およびコンジュゲーションの間、抗CD25−F(ab’)2の生物活性および特異性が維持されることが示された。
CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Tregは腫瘍において豊富である
Tregは、種々のがんにおいて豊富である(ColomboおよびPiconese、Nat. Rev. Cancer、7巻:880〜887頁、2007年)。CD4 T細胞におけるCD25+Foxp3+Treg画分のフローサイトメトリー分析により、LL/2−luc腫瘍(ルイス肺がん)およびMC38−luc腫瘍(結腸がん)内でこの細胞集団が正常な脾臓と比較して増大していることが示された(図5A)。CD8 T細胞およびNK細胞も、活性化前にはCD25陰性であった腫瘍内に行きわたっていた(図6)。抗CD25−F(ab’)2−IR700は腫瘍細胞に結合しなかった(図7)。これらのデータから、CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Tregが腫瘍内で一般的なものであり、したがって、抗CD25−IR700 NIR−PITの標的になることが示される。
CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Tregを標的とするin vivo NIR−PITにより、処置された腫瘍の退縮が誘導される
in vivo局所的NIR−PITの効果を、LL/2−luc側腹部腫瘍における腫瘍内Tregに対する抗CD25−IR700(CD25標的化NIR−PIT)を用いて決定した(図5B)。NIR光線量漸増試験により、100J/cm2の光出力で30分以内にCD4 T細胞におけるCD25+Foxp3+Tregの85%超の枯渇が起こることが示された(図8)。この光線量を用いて、腫瘍におけるCD4+Foxp3+細胞数の低減が観察され(図9)、これにより、この観察がTregにおけるCD25発現の単なる下方制御ではなく、細胞の実際の枯渇であることが示される。したがって、この光線量をin vivoにおける処置に選択した。この光線量は、非熱的であり、皮膚または腫瘍が曝露した際に局所的に過剰な加熱を引き起こすものではないと考えられる。
腫瘍に対するin vivo局所CD25標的化NIR−PITにより、腫瘍浸潤性CD8 T細胞およびNK細胞の迅速な活性化ならびに抗原提示細胞の活性化が誘導される
局所的CD25標的化NIR−PITを用いた腫瘍浸潤Tregの特異的な枯渇によってどのように腫瘍退縮が導かれるかを解明するために、腫瘍内CD8 T細胞およびNK細胞がNIR−PIT後に活性化されるかどうかを決定した。
局所的CD25標的化NIR−PITにより、全身性および腫瘍内サイトカインストームが誘導される
局所的CD25標的化NIR−PITによって誘導される血清サイトカインおよびケモカインレベルならびに腫瘍内サイトカインおよびケモカインレベルの両方の変化を調査した。まず、腫瘍に対するNIR光照射の影響がごくわずかであることを確認した(図17Aおよび17B)。療法の1.5時間後に、血清中および腫瘍中の広範囲のサイトカインおよびケモカインが増大した(図18Aおよび18B)。NIR−PIT後に上昇したサイトカインおよびケモカインは、臨床的な「サイトカインストーム」で報告されたものと広範に重複した(34、35)。療法の1日後、サイトカインおよびケモカインのレベルは、G−CSF以外は突然低減した(図18Cおよび18D)。血清中および腫瘍中のIFNγ、IL−6、G−CSFの濃度の変化が示されている(図18E〜18J)。
CD25標的化NIR−PITの治療効果は、腫瘍特異的様式で、遠位の処置されていない腫瘍まで及ぶ
迅速な抗腫瘍免疫活性化およびPITで処置された腫瘍の退縮により、活性化された細胞傷害性エフェクター細胞が、NIR−PITで処置された病変から遠位に位置する他の腫瘍を攻撃させることができるかどうかを決定した。両側LL/2−luc側腹部腫瘍を有するマウスの左側の腫瘍は光から遮蔽して、右側の腫瘍にのみ局所的CD25標的化NIR−PITを実施した(図20Aおよび20B)。この遮蔽はNIR−PIT前に蛍光画像で確認し、IR700−蛍光が両方の腫瘍に存在したが、PITで処置された側の蛍光は照射の直後に退色に起因して低減したことが実証された(図21)。処置されていない左側では、対側のNIR−PIT後にIR700−蛍光が維持された。しかし、腫瘍生物発光は右側(PITで処置された側)の腫瘍およびNIR光を受けていない左側の腫瘍のどちらにおいても有意に低減した(*p<0.05、**p<0.01、***p<0.05)。この処置されていない腫瘍は、PITで処置された腫瘍と比較して類似した緩徐化成長曲線に従った(図20C〜20E)。
CD25標的化NIR−PIT後に、照射を受けていない腫瘍において活性化マーカーを発現するCD8 T細胞およびNK細胞が存在する
対側腫瘍に対してCD25標的化NIR−PITを実施した後に、照射を受けていない腫瘍が活性化されたCD8 T細胞およびNK細胞を含有するかどうかを決定した。局所的CD25標的化NIR−PITの1日後に、照射を受けていない腫瘍において、IFNγおよびIL−2を産生し、上方制御された活性化マーカー、CD69およびCD25を発現するCD8 T細胞およびNK細胞が同定された(図24A〜24D)。照射を受けていない腫瘍のサイトカインおよびケモカインレベルの分析により、G−CSF、IFNγ、IL−2、MCP−1、MIP−2およびMIP−1αの増大も示された(図25A〜25C)。まとめると、右側に対するCD25標的化NIR−PITによって誘発される免疫応答により、反対側に位置する処置されていない腫瘍においても同様の変化が誘導された。
CD25標的化NIR−PITの抗腫瘍効果はCD8 T細胞およびNK細胞ならびにIFNγ産生に部分的に依存する
ヒトにおける腫瘍の処置
一実施例では、CD25抗体は、ダクリズマブ(ヒト化IgG1、例えば、Hoffmann−La Roche製)である。一実施例では、CD25抗体は、バシリキシマブ(キメラマウス−ヒトIgG1、例えば、Novartis製)である。そのようなFDAに認可され、かつ/または市販されている抗体を、例えば、実施例1に記載の方法、またはペプシンを使用して、それらのFc領域が除去されるまたは別のやり方で不活化するように改変することができる。抗体は、実施例1に記載の方法を使用してIR700とコンジュゲートすることができる。
Claims (24)
- サプレッサー細胞を死滅させる方法であって、
サプレッサー細胞表面タンパク質を含むサプレッサー細胞を治療有効量の1つまたは複数の抗体−IR700分子と接触させるステップであり、前記抗体が、前記サプレッサー細胞表面タンパク質に特異的に結合するものであり、
前記抗体が、機能的Fc領域を含まず、かつ/または
前記サプレッサー細胞表面タンパク質が、表面抗原分類4(CD4)、C−X−Cケモカイン受容体4型(CXCR4)、C−Cケモカイン受容体4型(CCR4)、細胞傷害性Tリンパ球関連タンパク質4(CTLA4)、グルココルチコイド誘導性TNF受容体(GITR)、OX40、葉酸受容体4(FR4)、CD16、CD56、CD8、CD122、CD23、CD163、CD206、CD11b、Gr−1、CD14、インターロイキン4受容体アルファ鎖(IL−4Ra)、インターロイキン−1受容体アルファ(IL−1Ra)、インターロイキン−1デコイ受容体、線維芽細胞活性化タンパク質(FAP)、CD103、CXCR2、CD33、およびCD66bのうちの1つまたは複数であり、かつ/または
前記サプレッサー細胞表面タンパク質がCD25を含み、かつ前記抗体が機能的Fc領域を含まない
ステップと、
前記サプレッサー細胞に、660〜740nmの波長および少なくとも4J cm−2の線量で照射を行い、それにより、前記サプレッサー細胞を死滅させるステップと
を含む、方法。 - 前記サプレッサー細胞が、CD4+CD25+Foxp3+調節性T細胞(Treg)、II型ナチュラルキラーT(NKT)細胞、CD8+CD122+Treg、M2マクロファージ、腫瘍浸潤線維芽細胞、骨髄由来サプレッサー細胞、またはこれらの組合せである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記サプレッサー細胞表面タンパク質が、CD25ではない、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記サプレッサー細胞が、CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Tregであり、かつ、前記サプレッサー細胞表面タンパク質が、CD25、CD4、GITR、OX40、FR4、CXCR4、CCL4、CTLA4、およびCD103のうちの1つまたは複数である、
前記サプレッサー細胞が、II型NKT細胞であり、かつ、前記サプレッサー細胞表面タンパク質が、CD16およびCD56のうちの1つまたは複数である、
前記サプレッサー細胞が、CD8+CD122+Tregであり、かつ、前記サプレッサー細胞表面タンパク質が、CD8およびCD122のうちの1つまたは複数である、
前記サプレッサー細胞が、M2マクロファージであり、かつ、前記サプレッサー細胞表面タンパク質が、CD23、CD163、CD206、CD11b、Gr−1、CD14、IL−4Ra、IL−1Ra、およびインターロイキン−1デコイ受容体のうちの1つまたは複数である、
前記サプレッサー細胞が、腫瘍浸潤線維芽細胞であり、かつ、前記サプレッサー細胞表面タンパク質が、線維芽細胞活性化タンパク質(FAP)である、あるいは、
前記サプレッサー細胞が、骨髄由来サプレッサー細胞であり、かつ、前記サプレッサー細胞表面タンパク質が、CXCR2、CD33、CD14、CD66bおよびCD11bのうちの1つまたは複数である、
請求項1から3までのいずれかに記載の方法。 - 前記抗体が、1つまたは複数のFab’および/またはF(ab’)2断片である、請求項1から4までのいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記抗体−IR700分子が、抗CD25−F(ab’)2−IR700分子を含む、請求項1から5までのいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記サプレッサー細胞に、680nmの波長で照射を行う、請求項1から6までのいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記1つまたは複数の抗体−IR700分子が、少なくとも2つの異なる抗体−IR700分子を含み、第1の抗体−IR700分子が、第1のサプレッサー細胞表面タンパク質に対して特異的なものであり、第2の抗体−IR700分子が、前記第1のサプレッサー細胞表面タンパク質の別のエピトープに対して特異的である、または、第2のサプレッサー細胞表面タンパク質に対して特異的なものである、請求項1から7までのいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記サプレッサー細胞が被験体内に存在し、前記サプレッサー細胞を前記1つまたは複数の抗体−IR700分子と接触させるステップが、治療有効量の前記1つまたは複数の抗体−IR700分子を前記被験体に投与することを含む、請求項1から8までのいずれかに記載の方法。
- 治療有効量の1つまたは複数の追加的な化学療法剤、生物学的薬剤、または放射線剤を前記被験体に投与するステップをさらに含む、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 腫瘍を処置する、請求項1から10までのいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記腫瘍が、がんである、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記がんが、乳房、肝臓、結腸、卵巣、前立腺、膵臓、脳、子宮頸部、骨、皮膚、頭頸部、または肺のがんである、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記がんが、血液のがんである、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記がんが、転移性がんである、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記サプレッサー細胞が被験体内に存在し、前記サプレッサー細胞に対して照射を行うステップが、
前記被験体に対して照射を行うこと、および/または
前記被験体内の腫瘍に対して照射を行うこと
を含む、請求項1から15までのいずれかに記載の方法。 - 処置を欠く場合と比較して前記腫瘍の重量、体積、またはサイズが少なくとも25%低減する、請求項9から16までのいずれかに記載の方法。
- 660〜740nmの波長での照射を受けていない転移の重量、体積、またはサイズが少なくとも25%低減する、請求項9から17までのいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記抗体−IR700分子の投与および照射を欠く場合と比較して前記被験体の生存時間が増大する、請求項9から18までのいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記サプレッサー細胞に対して照射を行うステップが、前記被験体が装着した、近赤外(NIR)発光ダイオード(LED)を含むデバイスを使用することによって血液に対して照射を行うことを含む、請求項1から19までのいずれかに記載の方法。
- 抗体が、サプレッサー細胞表面タンパク質に特異的に結合するものであり、
前記抗体が、機能的Fc領域を含まず、かつ/または、
前記サプレッサー細胞表面タンパク質が、CD4、グルココルチコイド誘導性TNF受容体(GITR)、OX40、葉酸受容体4(FR4)、C−X−Cケモカイン受容体4型(CXCR4)、ケモカイン(C−Cモチーフ)リガンド4(CCL4)、細胞傷害性Tリンパ球関連タンパク質4(CTLA4)、CD16、CD56、CD8、CD122、CD23、CD163、CD206、CD11b、Gr−1、CD14、インターロイキン4受容体アルファ鎖(IL−4Ra)、インターロイキン−1受容体アルファ(IL−1Ra)、インターロイキン−1デコイ受容体、線維芽細胞活性化タンパク質(FAP)、CXCR2、CD33、およびCD66bのうちの1つまたは複数であり、かつ/または、
前記サプレッサー細胞表面タンパク質が、CD25を含み、かつ、前記抗体が、機能的Fc領域を含まない、
抗体−IR700分子。 - 前記サプレッサー細胞表面タンパク質が、CD25ではない、請求項21に記載の抗体−IR700分子。
- 前記抗体が、1つまたは複数のFab’および/またはF(ab’)2断片である、請求項21または22に記載の抗体−IR700分子。
- 抗体対IR700の比が約1:3である、請求項21から23までのいずれかに記載の抗体−IR700分子。
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CA2994822C (en) | 2015-08-07 | 2023-01-03 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary, Department Of Health And Human Services | Near infrared photoimmunotherapy (nir-pit) of suppressor cells to treat cancer |
CN114681623A (zh) | 2015-08-18 | 2022-07-01 | 乐天医药生技股份有限公司 | 酞菁染料偶联物的制造方法及稳定偶联物 |
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