JP2018520104A - 抗真菌性の4−(4−(4−(((3r,5r)−5−((1h−1,2,4−トリアゾール−1−イル)メチル)−5−(2,4−ジフルオロフェニル)テトラヒドロフラン−3−イル)メトキシ)−3−メチルフェニル)ピペラジン−1−イル)−n−(2−ヒドロキシシクロヘキシル)ベンズアミド、又はその医薬として許容し得る塩 - Google Patents
抗真菌性の4−(4−(4−(((3r,5r)−5−((1h−1,2,4−トリアゾール−1−イル)メチル)−5−(2,4−ジフルオロフェニル)テトラヒドロフラン−3−イル)メトキシ)−3−メチルフェニル)ピペラジン−1−イル)−n−(2−ヒドロキシシクロヘキシル)ベンズアミド、又はその医薬として許容し得る塩 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2018520104A JP2018520104A JP2017560525A JP2017560525A JP2018520104A JP 2018520104 A JP2018520104 A JP 2018520104A JP 2017560525 A JP2017560525 A JP 2017560525A JP 2017560525 A JP2017560525 A JP 2017560525A JP 2018520104 A JP2018520104 A JP 2018520104A
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- mycosis
- aspergillus fumigatus
- treatment
- candida
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- C07D405/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing three or more hetero rings
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- A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
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- C07D405/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
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Abstract
【選択図】なし
Description
本発明は、真菌症の治療に有用な化合物、該化合物を含む組成物、及び該化合物の治療法における使用に関する。
真菌感染症の発生率は、過去20年間に大幅に増加し、侵襲性形態は、特に免疫不全の又は免疫抑制された患者にあって病的状態及び死の主要な原因となっている。播種性カンジダ症、肺アスペルギルス症、及び出現する日和見菌は、これらの深刻な真菌症を引き起こす最も一般的な病原体である。真菌が一団となって結合し、そのインビトロ又はインビボの基体に接着することを可能にする細胞外マトリックス(ECM)を生成することができることは、真菌に特有の特徴である。これらのバイオフィルムは真菌を宿主免疫系の敵対的環境から保護し、抗微生物殺傷性に抵抗する役割を担う(Kaur及びSinghの文献、2013)。
第一の態様において、本発明は化合物(I)、すなわち4-(4-(4-(((3R,5R)-5-((1H-1,2,4-トリアゾール-1-イル)メチル)-5-(2,4-ジフルオロフェニル)テトラヒドロフラン-3-イル)メトキシ)-3-メチルフェニル)ピペラジン-1-イル)-N-(2-ヒドロキシシクロヘキシル)ベンズアミド、又はその医薬として許容し得る塩(「本発明の化合物」):
本発明の化合物は、市販の出発物質から、以下に示す合成手順(スキーム1)によって調製できる。そのような反応に典型的に利用される条件下での適当に保護されたピペラジン誘導体と、4-ブロモ-2-メチルフェノールとのブッフバルトカップリングにより、N-アリール化生成物1が生じる。そのような変換に適当なアミン保護基(P)は、Boc基(P = CO2 tBu)のようなウレタン基である。当業者には、多岐にわたる条件が、この種の変換に影響を与えるために使用できることが認識されよう。特に、パラジウム触媒並びにRuPhosG3及びRuPhosのようなホスフィン配位子は、塩基、例えば炭酸セシウム又はリチウムヘキサメチルジシラジドの存在下でルーチンに利用される。
特に肺又は鼻腔への局所投与後の抗真菌活性、特にアスペルギルス種、例えばアスペルギルス・フミガーツスに対する活性が強いこと;
好ましくは1日1回の投与と結びついた肺における作用が長く持続すること;
肺又は鼻腔への局所投与後の全身性暴露が少ないこと;及び
特に肺又は鼻腔への局所投与後の安全性プロファイルが許容され得ること、の1以上を有すると期待される。
本明細書で使用される略語を以下に定義する(表1)。定義されていない略語はいずれも、その一般的に認められている意味を伝えるものとする。
全ての試薬及び溶媒は、商業的供給源から入手したか、又は引用文献に従って調製した。そうでないことが明言されない限り、全ての反応を撹拌しながら行った。有機溶液は、無水硫酸マグネシウムによりルーチンに乾燥させた。
(逆相HPLC法)
Waters Xselect CSH C18 XPカラム、2.5 μm(4.6×30mm)、40℃;流量2.5〜4.5 mL分-1、0.1%v/vギ酸(方法1a)又は水中の10 mM NH4HCO3(方法1b)のいずれかを含むH2O-MeCN勾配で4分かけて溶出させ、254 nmでのUV検出を利用する。勾配情報: 0〜3.00分、95%H2O-5%MeCNから5%H2O-95%MeCNに上昇させる; 3.00〜3.01分、5%H2O-95%MeCNで保持し、流量を4.5mL分-1に増大させる; 3.01〜3.50分、5%H2O-95%MeCNで保持する; 3.50〜3.60分、95%H2O-5%MeCNに戻し、流量を3.50 mL 分-1に減少させる; 3.60〜3.90分、95%H2O-5%MeCNで保持する; 3.90〜4.00分、95%H2O-5%MeCNで保持し、流量を2.5 mL分-1に減少させる。
1H NMRスペクトルは、残存する重水素化されていない溶媒を参照として用いて、400MHzで、Bruker Advance III分光計で獲得し、そうでないことが明示されない限り、DMSO-d6中で実行した。
光学的に純粋なcis及びtrans 2-アミノへキサノールの合成は、過去に報告されている(Jacobsenらの文献、1997)。これらの材料は多くの商業的供給源から高い鏡像異性体純度のものを入手可能であり、供給されたままのものを使用した。
本発明の残りの化合物の例を、安息香酸中間体6を2-アミノシクロヘキサノールの適当な単独の立体異性体とカップリングさせることによる同様の方法で調製した。これらの化合物は商業的供給源から容易に入手可能である。Sigma Aldrichから入手した材料は、塩酸塩として供給され、それらに対し、以下の鏡像異性体純度(enantiopurities):(1S,2S) trans異性体、>98% ee;(1R, 2R) trans異性体、>98% ee;(1R, 2S) cis異性体、>97% ee;(1S, 2R) cis異性体、>97% eeが明示されていた。
(浮遊真菌(planktonic fungus)の成長の評価:培養液微量希釈アッセイ)
このアッセイは、EUCASTにより公開されている変法(Rodriguez-Tudelaらの文献、2008)を用いて実施した。英国公衆衛生庁、Wiltshireからのアスペルギルス・フミガーツスの胞子(NCPF2010、NCPF7010 [メチオニン220変異]、NCPF7099 [グリシンG54変異]);St Louis病院, Paris, FranceからのTR34/L98H変異体;Delhi大学, Delhi, IndiaからのTR46/Y121F/T289A変異体をサブロー・デキストロース寒天培地中で3日間培養した。ストック胞子浮遊液を、PBS-tween(10 mL;0.05% Tween-20、100 U/mLペニシリン及び100 U/mLストレプトマイシンを含むリン酸緩衝生理食塩水)で洗浄することによりサブロー・デキストロース寒天培地培養物から調製した。胞子の数をノイバウエル血球計算盤を用いて評価し、続いてPBSで106胞子/mLに調整した。胞子のワーキング浮遊液(2×105胞子/mL)を、濾過滅菌したBSA MOPS RPMI-1640(50 mL;2 mM L-グルタミン、0.5% BSA、2%グルコース、0.165 M MOPSを含み、NaOHでpH 7に緩衝能を調整したRPMI-1640)中で調製した。
BEAS2B細胞を96ウェルプレート中の10% FBS RPMI-1640に播種し(100 μL; 3×104細胞/ウェル;カタログ番号3596, Sigma Aldrich, Dorset, UK)、続いて実験前に1日インキュベートした(37℃、5% CO2)。試験化合物(0.5 μL DMSO溶液)又はビヒクル(DMSO)を各ウェルに加えて0.5%の最終DMSO濃度にした。BEAS2B細胞を試験化合物で1時間インキュベート(35℃、5% CO2)した後、アスペルギルス・フミガーツス(20 uL;英国公衆衛生庁)の分生子浮遊液(10% FBS RPMI-1640中、0.5×105/mL)に感染させた。プレートを24時間(35℃、5% CO2)インキュベートした。上清(50 μL)を回収してPCRプレート(カタログ番号L1402-9700, Starlab, Milton Keynes, UK)に移し、これを使用まで凍結した(-20℃)。解凍後、上清(5 μL)をR7-PBS溶液(95 μL;PBS に対し1:4のR7; Bio-Rad Laboratories, Redmond, WA, USA)を加えることにより1:20に希釈した。これらの試料(50 μL)中のガラクトマンナンレベルを、Platelia GM-EIAキット(Bio-Rad Laboratories, Redmond, WA, USA)を用いて測定した。各ウェルに対するパーセンテージ阻害を算出し、各試験化合物に対して作成された濃度反応曲線からIC50値を算出した。
ヒト肺胞上皮細胞及び内皮細胞の二重層からなるヒト肺胞のインビトロモデルは、過去に記載の通りに準備した(Hopeらの文献、2007)。この系を用いると、試験化合物を上部(「空気」区域)及び/又は下部(「全身」区域)区画へと投与することが可能となる。その融通性は、化合物(I)を上部チャンバに投与し、ポサコナゾール又は他の抗真菌剤を下部チャンバに投与することによる組合わせ治療の効果を探求するのに利用されている。初代ヒト肺動脈内皮細胞(HPAEC)を採取し、EGM-2培地(Lonza, Basel, Switzerland)中で106細胞/mLに希釈した。トランズウェルを反転させ、細胞浮遊液(100 μL/ウェル)を各トランズウェルの基部に加えた。反転されたトランズウェルをフローフード内でRTで2時間インキュベートし、その後、トランズウェルを上向きに返した。EGM-2培地を下部区画(700 μL/ウェル)及び上部区画(100 μL/ウェル)に加え、トランズウェルを48時間インキュベートした(37℃、5% CO2)。続いて、下部区画のEGM-2培地を新鮮なEGM-2培地で交換した。A549細胞を採取し、10% EBM中で5×105細胞/mLに希釈し、続いて全てのトランズウェルの上部区画(100 μL/ウェル)に加え、プレートを72時間インキュベートした(37℃、5% CO2)。イトラコナゾール感受性のアスペルギルス・フミガーツスs(NCPF2010)及びイトラコナゾール耐性株(TR34-L98H)の分生子をサブロー・デキストロース寒天培地中で3日間、別々に培養した。いずれかの株のストック分生子浮遊液をPBS-tween(10 mL;0.05% Tween-20、100 U/mLペニシリン及び100 U/mLストレプトマイシンを含むPBS)で洗浄することによりサブロー・デキストロース寒天培地培養物から調製した。分生子の数をノイバウエル血球計算盤を用いて評価し、PBSで106分生子/mLに調整した。分生子のワーキングストックを、EBM中で使用直前に調製した(105分生子/mL)。
BEAS2B細胞を実験の1日前に384ウェルプレート(BD Falcon, カタログ番号353962)中のRPMI-LHC8(等比率で混合されたRPMI-1640及びLHC8培地)中に播種した(100 μL; 3000/ウェル/)。無細胞対照ウェルについては、RPMI-LHC8(100 μL)を加えた。Integra VIAFLO 96(Integra, Zizers, Switzerland)を用いて試験化合物(0.5 μLのDMSO溶液)を加えて、0.5%の最終DMSO濃度を得た。BEAS2B細胞を各試験化合物とともに1日インキュベートした(RPMI-LHC8中、37℃/5% CO2)。レサズリンストック溶液(5 μL、0.04%)の追加後、プレートをさらに4時間インキュベートした(37℃/5% CO2)。各ウェルの545 nm(励起)及び590 nm(放出)での蛍光を、マルチスキャナ(Clariostar: BMG Labtech)を用いて測定した。細胞生存性のパーセンテージ低下を各ウェルに対しビヒクル(0.5% DMSO)処理と比較して算出した。適当な場合、CC50値を各試験化合物に対する濃度反応曲線から作成される濃度反応曲線から算出した。
アスペルギルス・フミガーツス(ATCC 13073 [株: NIH 5233], アメリカ合衆国培養細胞系統保存機関, Manassas, VA, USA)を麦芽寒天(Nissui Pharmaceutical, Tokyo, Japan)プレート上、RT(24 ± 1℃)で6〜7日間成長させた。胞子を寒天プレートから無菌的に取り、0.05% Tween 80及び0.1%寒天を含む滅菌蒸留水中に浮遊させた。感染の日に、胞子の数を血球計算盤により評価し、生理食塩水1 mL当たり1.67×108胞子の濃度を得るように接種材料を調整した。免疫抑制及び好中球減少症を誘導するため、感染の3、2、及び1日前のA/Jマウス(雄、5週齢)にヒドロコルチゾン(Sigma H4881; 125 mg/kg, 皮下,)を投与し、感染の2日前にシクロホスファミド(Sigma C0768; 250 mg/kg, 腹腔内)を投与した。第0日に、動物を胞子浮遊液(30 μL、鼻腔内)により感染させた。
化合物(I)は培養液微量希釈アッセイ(表3)において評価される浮遊真菌の成長に対する強力な阻害活性を示す。
動物、例えばマウスの肺への投与は、肺用治療薬について一般的に使用される手法であり、結果としての全身の投与化合物への曝露を特徴づけるために、投与後様々な時点で血漿を回収する。
4つの立体異性体の全ての形態での化合物(I)は、アスペルギルス・フミガーツスの浮遊成長(planktonic growth)及び気管支上皮細胞の感染の強力な阻害剤であることが見出された。化合物(Ia)は、ポサコナゾール耐性及びボリコナゾール耐性のアスペルギルス・フミガーツス分離株の成長を阻害し、これらの株に対するポサコナゾール、ボリコナゾール、及びアムホテリシンBの効力よりも高い効力を示した。また、多種多様な他の病原性真菌が化合物(Ia)に感受性であることが見出された。化合物(Ia)とポサコナゾール、イトラコナゾール、ボリコナゾール、及びカスポファンギンとの組合わせに対し、相乗効果又は少なくとも相加効果が示された。インビボでは、アスペルギルス・フミガーツスに感染した、免疫不全の好中球減少症マウスにおいて、化合物(Ia)は治療的又は予防的に投与された場合に、アスペルギルス・フミガーツス感染症並びに関連する肺免疫反応の強力な阻害を示した。また、化合物(Ia)は感染依存的な体重減少を低下させるのに有効であった。これらの阻害効果は、ポサコナゾールの阻害効果よりも優れていた。化合物(I)の有益な抗真菌効果が、治療的背景において観察されることは、臨床上重要である。
Claims (22)
- 単独の立体異性体として提供される、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項記載の化合物。
- 医薬としての使用のための、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項記載の化合物。
- 真菌症の治療における使用のための、又は真菌症に関連する疾患の予防若しくは治療における使用のための、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項記載の化合物。
- 真菌症の治療のための、又は真菌症に関連する疾患の予防若しくは治療のための、医薬の製造における請求項1〜4のいずれか1項記載の化合物の使用。
- 前記真菌症がアスペルギルス・フミガーツス又はアスペルギルス・フラバスのようなアスペルギルス種、特にアスペルギルス・フミガーツスによって引き起こされる、請求項6又は7記載の使用のための化合物又は使用。
- 前記真菌症が、黒酵母菌、リゾプス・オリゼ、クリプトコッカス・ネオフォルマンス、ケトミウム・グロボスム、ペニシリウム・クリソゲナム、フザリウム・グラミネアラム、クラドスポリウム・ハーバルム、紅色白癬菌、又はカンジダ種、例えばカンジダ・アルビカンス、カンジダ・グラブラータ、若しくはカンジダ・クルーセイによって引き起こされる、請求項6又は7記載の使用のための化合物又は使用。
- 前記真菌症が、アゾール耐性真菌症である、請求項6又は7記載の使用のための化合物又は使用。
- 第二の又はさらなる活性成分と組合わせた医薬としての使用のための、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項記載の化合物。
- 1以上の医薬として許容し得る希釈剤又は担体と任意に組合わせて、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項記載の化合物を含む医薬組成物。
- 第二の又はさらなる活性成分を含む、請求項12記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記第二の又はさらなる活性成分が、アゾール系抗真菌剤(例えば、ボリコナゾール、ポサコナゾール、イトラコナゾール、又はイサブコナゾール)、アムホテリシンB、エキノカンディン(例えば、カスポファンギン)、及び3-ヒドロキシ-3-メチル-グルタリル-CoAレダクターゼ阻害剤(例えば、ロバスタチン、プラバスタチン、又はフルバスタチン)を含む抗真菌剤から選択される、請求項11記載の使用のための化合物、又は請求項13記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記第二の又はさらなる活性成分が、ボリコナゾール、ポサコナゾール、イトラコナゾール、及びカスポファンギンから選択される、請求項11記載の使用のための化合物、又は請求項13記載の医薬組成物。
- 真菌症を有する対象の治療方法であって、該対象に有効量の請求項1〜4のいずれか1項記載の化合物を投与することを含む、前記方法。
- 前記真菌症が、アスペルギルス・フミガーツス又はアスペルギルス・フラバスのようなアスペルギルス種、特にアスペルギルス・フミガーツスによって引き起こされる、請求項19記載の方法。
- 前記真菌症が、黒酵母菌、リゾプス・オリゼ、クリプトコッカス・ネオフォルマンス、ケトミウム・グロボスム、ペニシリウム・クリソゲナム、フザリウム・グラミネアラム、クラドスポリウム・ハーバルム、 紅色白癬菌、又はカンジダ種、例えばカンジダ・アルビカンス、カンジダ・グラブラータ、若しくはカンジダ・クルーセイによって引き起こされる、請求項19記載の方法。
- 前記真菌症が、アゾール耐性真菌症である、請求項19記載の方法。
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EA032454B1 (ru) | 2019-05-31 |
KR20180010189A (ko) | 2018-01-30 |
US10513511B2 (en) | 2019-12-24 |
AU2016263669B2 (en) | 2020-04-30 |
CA2981945A1 (en) | 2016-11-24 |
WO2016185225A1 (en) | 2016-11-24 |
IL254943A0 (en) | 2017-12-31 |
KR102653821B1 (ko) | 2024-04-02 |
CN107635988A (zh) | 2018-01-26 |
SG11201708007VA (en) | 2017-12-28 |
US20170114047A1 (en) | 2017-04-27 |
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