JP2018519622A - 選択的イオン移動が可能な分離膜およびこれを含む二次電池 - Google Patents
選択的イオン移動が可能な分離膜およびこれを含む二次電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2018519622A JP2018519622A JP2017559550A JP2017559550A JP2018519622A JP 2018519622 A JP2018519622 A JP 2018519622A JP 2017559550 A JP2017559550 A JP 2017559550A JP 2017559550 A JP2017559550 A JP 2017559550A JP 2018519622 A JP2018519622 A JP 2018519622A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- separation membrane
- ion migration
- battery
- porous
- suppressing layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/02—Details
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/24—Alkaline accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M12/04—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type
- H01M12/06—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M12/08—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of a fuel-cell type and a half-cell of the secondary-cell type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/403—Manufacturing processes of separators, membranes or diaphragms
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/446—Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
- H01M50/451—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising layers of only organic material and layers containing inorganic material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/463—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their shape
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Hybrid Cells (AREA)
- Cell Separators (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
Description
第一に、分離膜における多孔性イオン移動抑制層の多数の通孔を、電解質に含有されたカリウムイオンのサイズより小さいサイズを有するように形成させて、前記カリウムイオンが炭素層に移動しないようにすることで、水酸化カリウムの析出を根本的に防止し、炭素層が破壊されるに伴って空気亜鉛電池の性能が低下することを防止するという効果がある。
ポリビニルアセテート(PVAc)のバックボーンに連結されたラジカルのメチル基水素を少なくとも一つ以上アルカリ金属またはアルカリ土類金属で置換すると、化学的構造上、カリウムイオンが多孔性イオン移動抑制層120を通過しないようになる。この場合にも、ポリビニルアセテート(PVAc)を電界紡糸工程(electrospinning)により形成させることと同一の効果が得られる。
本発明による二次電池は、正極と、分離膜40と、電解液50と、負極とを含んで構成される。
第一に、分離膜における多孔性イオン移動抑制層の多数の通孔を、電解質に含有されたカリウムイオンのサイズより小さいサイズを有するように形成させて、前記カリウムイオンが炭素層に移動しないようにすることで、水酸化カリウムの析出を根本的に防止し、炭素層が破壊されるに伴って空気亜鉛電池の性能が低下することを防止するという効果がある。
ポリビニルアセテート(PVAc)のバックボーンに連結されたラジカルのメチル基水素を少なくとも一つ以上アルカリ金属またはアルカリ土類金属で置換すると、化学的構造上、カリウムイオンが多孔性イオン移動抑制層を通過しないようになる。この場合にも、ポリビニルアセテート(PVAc)を電界紡糸工程(electrospinning)により形成させることと同一の効果が得られる。
本発明による二次電池は、正極と、分離膜と、電解液と、負極とを含んで構成される。
Claims (5)
- 格子形態で形成される支持体と、
前記支持体の前記格子にコーティングされ、複数個の通孔が形成される多孔性イオン移動抑制層と、を含み、
前記多孔性イオン移動抑制層の前記各通孔は、電解質に含有された電子移動促進イオンのサイズより小さいサイズを有するように形成され、前記電子移動促進イオンが前記多孔性イオン移動抑制層を通過しないことを特徴とする、選択的イオン移動が可能な分離膜。 - 前記支持体は、ポリビニルアルコール(PVA)で形成され、
前記多孔性イオン移動抑制層は、ポリビニルアセテート(PVAc)で形成されることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の選択的イオン移動が可能な分離膜。 - 前記多孔性イオン移動抑制層は、ポリビニルアセテート(PVAc)を電気的に荷電させて、前記支持体に紡糸する電界紡糸工程(electrospinning)により形成されることを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の選択的イオン移動が可能な分離膜。
- 前記多孔性イオン移動抑制層は、ポリビニルアセテート(PVAc)にアルカリ金属またはアルカリ土類金属を少なくとも一つ以上置換して形成されることを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の選択的イオン移動が可能な分離膜。
- 正極と、
負極と、
前記正極と負極との間に介在される分離膜と、
前記負極、前記分離膜および前記正極の一部を含浸する電解液と、を含み、
前記分離膜は、複数個の通孔が形成された多孔性材質で形成され、
前記各通孔は、前記電解液に含有された電子移動促進イオンのサイズより小さいサイズを有するように形成され、前記電子移動促進イオンが前記分離膜を通過しないようにすることで、前記電子移動促進イオンが前記正極側に移動しないようにすることを特徴とする、二次電池。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020150076060A KR102246849B1 (ko) | 2015-05-29 | 2015-05-29 | 선택적 이온 이동이 가능한 분리막 및 이를 포함하는 이차전지 |
| KR10-2015-0076060 | 2015-05-29 | ||
| PCT/KR2016/004814 WO2016195263A1 (ko) | 2015-05-29 | 2016-05-09 | 선택적 이온 이동이 가능한 분리막 및 이를 포함하는 이차전지 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2018519622A true JP2018519622A (ja) | 2018-07-19 |
| JP6643361B2 JP6643361B2 (ja) | 2020-02-12 |
Family
ID=57440617
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2017559550A Expired - Fee Related JP6643361B2 (ja) | 2015-05-29 | 2016-05-09 | 選択的イオン移動が可能な分離膜およびこれを含む二次電池 |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US10461295B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP3306707A4 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP6643361B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR102246849B1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN107667444A (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2016195263A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2019046575A1 (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2019-03-07 | Research Foundation Of The City University Of New York | SELECTIVE ION MEMBRANE FOR SELECTIVE ION PENETRATION IN ALKALINE ACCUMULATORS |
| CN108598627B (zh) * | 2018-05-16 | 2020-11-13 | 东北大学秦皇岛分校 | 一种高容量钾-氧气电池 |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0279363A (ja) * | 1988-07-25 | 1990-03-19 | Cipel | アルカリ電解質を有する金属―空気型の電気化学的電池のためのセパレータ |
| JP2004513529A (ja) * | 2000-11-09 | 2004-04-30 | エフオーシー フランケンブルク オイル カンパニー エスト. | スーパーキャパシタおよび当該スーパーキャパシタを製造する方法 |
| US20110117413A1 (en) * | 2009-11-19 | 2011-05-19 | Yichun Wang | Alkaline Battery Separators with Ion-Trapping Molecules |
| WO2014092107A1 (ja) * | 2012-12-11 | 2014-06-19 | 東洋紡株式会社 | 複合分離膜 |
| WO2014091856A1 (ja) * | 2012-12-12 | 2014-06-19 | 日本電気株式会社 | セパレータ、電極素子、蓄電デバイスおよび前記セパレータの製造方法 |
Family Cites Families (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3279091B2 (ja) | 1993-10-07 | 2002-04-30 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | 有機電解液リチウム二次電池およびそのセパレータの製造法 |
| WO2000059052A2 (en) * | 1999-03-29 | 2000-10-05 | The Gillette Company | Alkaline cell separator |
| KR20080044738A (ko) * | 2006-11-16 | 2008-05-21 | 한국전자통신연구원 | 수계 전해질 조성물과 이로부터 얻어지는 전해질층을구비한 밀폐형 필름 일차전지 |
| KR100868290B1 (ko) | 2007-05-04 | 2008-11-12 | 한국과학기술연구원 | 나노파이버 네트워크 구조의 음극 활물질을 구비한이차전지용 음극 및 이를 이용한 이차전지와, 이차전지용음극 활물질의 제조방법 |
| CN102315463A (zh) * | 2011-08-05 | 2012-01-11 | 上海交通大学 | 一种柔性无机/有机复合质子交换膜制备方法 |
| JP5848545B2 (ja) | 2011-08-08 | 2016-01-27 | 三星エスディアイ株式会社Samsung SDI Co.,Ltd. | 二次電池用セパレータ層及び二次電池 |
| CN102496485B (zh) | 2011-12-06 | 2013-07-17 | 浙江理工大学 | 提高染料敏化电池纳米纤维膜与导电玻璃结合牢度的方法 |
| EP2814104B1 (en) * | 2012-02-06 | 2018-09-26 | NGK Insulators, Ltd. | Zinc secondary cell |
| JP2013222088A (ja) | 2012-04-17 | 2013-10-28 | Seiko Epson Corp | 電気泳動表示装置用基材およびその製造方法、電気泳動表示装置およびその製造方法 |
| JP2013222090A (ja) * | 2012-04-17 | 2013-10-28 | Seiko Epson Corp | 電気泳動表示装置用基材およびその製造方法、電気泳動表示装置およびその製造方法 |
| US9853270B2 (en) * | 2012-04-18 | 2017-12-26 | King Abdullah University Of Science And Technology | Nanostructured metal organic material electrode separators and methods therefor |
| WO2014099649A1 (en) * | 2012-12-19 | 2014-06-26 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Perforated graphene deionization or desalination |
| US8974946B2 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2015-03-10 | Gm Global Technology Operations | Coating for separator or cathode of lithium—sulfur or silicon—sulfur battery |
| CN104143614B (zh) * | 2013-05-09 | 2017-02-08 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种锂硫电池 |
| US9601805B2 (en) * | 2013-07-22 | 2017-03-21 | Nanotek Instruments, Inc. | Process for producing non-flammable quasi-solid electrolyte and electrolyte-separator for lithium battery applications |
| KR101523322B1 (ko) | 2013-08-09 | 2015-05-27 | 충남대학교산학협력단 | 리튬이온 전지 분리막 및 그 제조방법 |
| GB2517228B (en) * | 2013-08-15 | 2016-03-02 | Oxis Energy Ltd | Laminate cell |
| US9373829B2 (en) * | 2013-10-11 | 2016-06-21 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Porous interlayer for a lithium-sulfur battery |
| KR101715811B1 (ko) * | 2013-11-12 | 2017-03-13 | 주식회사 아모그린텍 | 이온 교환 멤브레인 |
| CN103779527B (zh) * | 2014-01-29 | 2016-06-29 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | 一种隔膜及其制备方法 |
-
2015
- 2015-05-29 KR KR1020150076060A patent/KR102246849B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2016
- 2016-05-09 CN CN201680031208.7A patent/CN107667444A/zh active Pending
- 2016-05-09 JP JP2017559550A patent/JP6643361B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2016-05-09 US US15/573,553 patent/US10461295B2/en active Active
- 2016-05-09 WO PCT/KR2016/004814 patent/WO2016195263A1/ko not_active Ceased
- 2016-05-09 EP EP16803618.4A patent/EP3306707A4/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0279363A (ja) * | 1988-07-25 | 1990-03-19 | Cipel | アルカリ電解質を有する金属―空気型の電気化学的電池のためのセパレータ |
| JP2004513529A (ja) * | 2000-11-09 | 2004-04-30 | エフオーシー フランケンブルク オイル カンパニー エスト. | スーパーキャパシタおよび当該スーパーキャパシタを製造する方法 |
| US20110117413A1 (en) * | 2009-11-19 | 2011-05-19 | Yichun Wang | Alkaline Battery Separators with Ion-Trapping Molecules |
| WO2014092107A1 (ja) * | 2012-12-11 | 2014-06-19 | 東洋紡株式会社 | 複合分離膜 |
| WO2014091856A1 (ja) * | 2012-12-12 | 2014-06-19 | 日本電気株式会社 | セパレータ、電極素子、蓄電デバイスおよび前記セパレータの製造方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR102246849B1 (ko) | 2021-04-30 |
| JP6643361B2 (ja) | 2020-02-12 |
| EP3306707A4 (en) | 2019-02-06 |
| EP3306707A1 (en) | 2018-04-11 |
| WO2016195263A1 (ko) | 2016-12-08 |
| US10461295B2 (en) | 2019-10-29 |
| KR20160140013A (ko) | 2016-12-07 |
| CN107667444A (zh) | 2018-02-06 |
| US20180151861A1 (en) | 2018-05-31 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US11302910B2 (en) | Lithium secondary battery negative electrode including protection layer made of conductive fabric, and lithium secondary battery including same | |
| KR102191807B1 (ko) | 분리막 및 이를 포함하는 아연-이산화망간 수계전지 시스템 | |
| JP2016110846A (ja) | 金属−空気二次電池用負極材料、及びこれを備える金属−空気二次電池 | |
| KR101338131B1 (ko) | 분리막, 그를 이용한 리튬 유황 이차전지 및 그의 제조 방법 | |
| US20150162601A1 (en) | Cell design for an alkaline battery with channels in electrodes to remove gas | |
| WO2019045407A3 (ko) | 전극 및 이를 이용한 이차전지와 전극의 제조방법 | |
| JP6643361B2 (ja) | 選択的イオン移動が可能な分離膜およびこれを含む二次電池 | |
| JP2016510163A5 (ja) | ||
| KR101575769B1 (ko) | 가역성 향상 구조를 가진 아연 공기 전지 | |
| JP2019505075A (ja) | 空気−亜鉛二次電池 | |
| JP2018056436A5 (ja) | ||
| CN110707271A (zh) | 一种锌基电池用的改性隔膜及其制备方法 | |
| JP2016162681A (ja) | 電極前駆体 | |
| KR101793907B1 (ko) | 공기-아연 이차전지 | |
| KR102845721B1 (ko) | 리튬이온 이차전지 및 그 제조방법 | |
| CN108604720B (zh) | 空气锌二次电池 | |
| JP4240030B2 (ja) | アルカリ亜鉛蓄電池 | |
| KR102329471B1 (ko) | 전기적 충전식 아연공기 이차전지용 분리막 및 이를 적용한 전기적 충전식 아연공기 이차전지 | |
| JPWO2023026663A5 (ja) | ||
| KR20120104709A (ko) | 산화 아연의 전기적 재생을 통한 높은 비표면적을 가진 아연을 이용한 아연-공기 전지용 음극의 제조방법 | |
| CN1201419C (zh) | 镍正极板及碱性蓄电池 | |
| KR20160133146A (ko) | 전기적 충전식 아연공기 이차전지용 분리막 일체형 양극 및 이를 적용한 전기적 충전식 아연공기 이차전지 | |
| US20250343247A1 (en) | Flow-assisted battery | |
| KR101198029B1 (ko) | 공기 아연 전지 | |
| US20150162573A1 (en) | Beveled cell design for an alkaline battery |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20171114 |
|
| A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20171114 |
|
| A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20181121 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20190108 |
|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20190405 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20190924 |
|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20191203 |
|
| TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20191217 |
|
| A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20200106 |
|
| R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 6643361 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |