JP2018511026A - 工業用ガスおよび炭化水素ガスの液化 - Google Patents
工業用ガスおよび炭化水素ガスの液化 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2018511026A JP2018511026A JP2018500833A JP2018500833A JP2018511026A JP 2018511026 A JP2018511026 A JP 2018511026A JP 2018500833 A JP2018500833 A JP 2018500833A JP 2018500833 A JP2018500833 A JP 2018500833A JP 2018511026 A JP2018511026 A JP 2018511026A
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- JP
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- Prior art keywords
- gas
- heat
- ammonium hydroxide
- pressure
- ammonia
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
- F25J2220/60—Separating impurities from natural gas, e.g. mercury, cyclic hydrocarbons
- F25J2220/68—Separating water or hydrates
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
- F25J2230/04—Compressor cooling arrangement, e.g. inter- or after-stage cooling or condensate removal
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
- F25J2230/30—Compression of the feed stream
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/90—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration
- F25J2270/906—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration by heat driven absorption chillers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
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Abstract
Description
a.入口圧力を有するガスを受け入れてガスを所望の圧力まで圧縮しまたは減圧するステップと、
b.ガスを少なくとも1つの吸収式冷却機に通して冷却するステップと、
c.ガスの圧力を断熱減少させてガスの少なくとも一部分を液化するステップと、
d.リッチ水酸化アンモニウム流体を精留器内で加熱してトリム熱またはガスがステップ(a)で圧縮された場合にステップ(a)から回収した圧縮熱のうちの一方またはこれらの組み合わせを用いてアンモニアガスを遊離させ、リーン水酸化アンモニウム流体を生じさせるステップと、
e.リーン水酸化アンモニウムを過冷却して蒸気吸収塔の頂部に循環させるステップと、
f.精留器からのアンモニアガスを凝縮して液体アンモニアをほとばしらせて少なくとも1つの吸収式冷却機内での使用のための冷却アンモニアガスを生じさせるステップと、
g.少なくとも1つの吸収式冷却機からのアンモニアガスを蒸気吸収塔内でリーン水酸化アンモニウム中に吸収させてステップ(d)のためのリッチ水酸化アンモニウムを生じさせるステップとを含むことを特徴とする方法を含む。
Claims (19)
- 以下の非順序的ステップを含むガスの液化方法であって、
(a)入口圧力を有するガスを受け入れて前記ガスを所望の圧力まで圧縮し、または減圧するステップと、
(b)前記ガスを少なくとも1つの吸収式冷却機に通して冷却するステップと、
(c)前記ガスの圧力を断熱減少させて前記ガスの少なくとも一部分を液化するステップと、
(d)リッチ水酸化アンモニウム流体を精留器内で加熱して、トリム熱、または、前記ガスが前記ステップ(a)で圧縮された場合に前記ステップ(a)から回収した圧縮熱のうちの一方またはこれらの組み合わせを用いてアンモニアガスを遊離させ、リーン水酸化アンモニウム流体を生じさせるステップと、
(e)前記リーン水酸化アンモニウムを過冷却して蒸気吸収塔(VAT)の頂部に循環させるステップと、
(f)前記精留器からのアンモニアガスを凝縮して前記液体アンモニアをほとばしらせて前記少なくとも1つの吸収式冷却機内での使用のための冷却アンモニアガスを生じさせるステップと、
(g)前記少なくとも1つの吸収式冷却機からのアンモニアガスを前記蒸気吸収塔内で前記リーン水酸化アンモニウム中に吸収させて前記ステップ(d)のための前記リッチ水酸化アンモニウムを生じさせるステップとを含む、方法。 - 前記ガスは、前記所望の圧力でまたは該所望の圧力を超えた状態で受け入れられ、前記ステップ(a)で回収される圧縮熱がない、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記ガスは、前記ステップ(c)で部分的に液化され、前記方法は、前記液化ガス生成物を取り出すステップと、前記残りのガスを蒸気再利用ループ内で再利用するステップとを更に含み、前記蒸気再利用ループは、前記ガスの流れを断熱圧力減少前に冷却し、次に前記ガス流を圧縮して前記入口ガス流と合流させる、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記ガスは、工業用ガスもしくは炭化水素ガスまたは工業用ガスと炭化水素ガスの任意の混合物から成る、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記ガスは、前記ガスの臨界点未満に圧縮され、前記方法は、断熱膨張に先立って−71℃よりも温かいガス液化温度を達成させる、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記ガスは、前記ガスの前記臨界点を超える状態まで圧縮され、前記方法は、断熱膨張に先立って約−71℃のガス液化温度を達成させる、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの吸収式冷却機は、前記アンモニア冷媒中の水濃度の増大を阻止するための液体ブリード流れを含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記VATの頂部のところの準大気圧力動作圧力が無水アンモニア蒸気とリーン水酸化アンモニウムの混合箇所のところで過冷却リーン水酸化アンモニウム溶液の十分な質量流量を利用することによって維持される、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記溶解熱、および、無水アンモニア蒸気とリーン水酸化アンモニウム溶液を混合させる凝縮エネルギー熱のうちの何割かまたは全てが前記VATで回収される、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記VATでの熱回収は、液圧ヘッドおよび前記リーン水酸化アンモニウムVATフィード流の予備冷却によって容易になる、請求項9記載の方法。
- ガス/ガス熱交換器を利用して前記ステップ(c)の実施に先立ってガス流の温度を更に減少させて前記ステップ(b)からの前記冷却ガス流を冷却するステップを更に含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 圧縮後にかつ前記吸収式冷却機の前で前記ガスを脱水するステップを更に含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 前記ガスは、十分な量のアルコールを流路中に加えることによって脱水され、前記方法は、前記アルコールおよび水を前記断熱圧力減少ステップの実施前に凝縮させるステップを含む、請求項12記載の方法。
- 前記液化ガスは、固形物を前記液化ガス生成物から除去するために断熱圧力減少後に濾過される、請求項1記載の方法。
- 以下の非順序的ステップを含むガスの液化方法であって、
(a)入口圧力を有するガスを所望の圧力まで圧縮する一方で、前記ガスから熱を取りだして所望の温度を維持するステップと、
(b)前記ガスを少なくとも1つの吸収式冷却機に通して冷却するステップと、
(c)前記ガスの圧力を断熱減少させて前記ガスの温度を減少させるステップと、
(d)液化ガス蒸発器型熱交換器を用いることによって前記ガスを液化するステップと、
(e)前記ステップ(a)からの熱を精留器内で用いてアンモニアをリッチ水酸化アンモニウム流体から遊離させ、必要ならば、トリム熱を前記リッチ水酸化アンモニウムに加えてリーン水酸化アンモニウム流体を生じさせるステップと、
(f)前記リーン水酸化アンモニウムを過冷却して蒸気吸収塔の頂部に循環させるステップと、
(g)前記精留器からのアンモニアガスを凝縮して前記液体アンモニアをほとばしらせて前記少なくとも1つの吸収式冷却機内での使用のための冷却アンモニアガスを生じさせるステップと、
(h)前記少なくとも1つの吸収式冷却機からのアンモニアガスを前記蒸気吸収塔内で前記リーン水酸化アンモニウム中に吸収させて前記ステップ(d)のための前記リッチ水酸化アンモニウムを生じさせるステップとを含む、方法。 - 前記液化ガス蒸発器は、請求項1記載の方法に従って作られた液化ガスを利用する、請求項15記載の方法。
- ガス液化システムであって、入口ガスを所望の圧力で受け入れる受け入れ段と、前記ガスを冷却するための吸収冷凍ループを含む冷却段と、前記ガスを少なくとも部分的に液化させるためのJT弁を含む液化段とを含む、ガス液化システム。
- 前記ガスを前記所望の圧力まで圧縮する圧縮段と、熱を前記圧縮段から前記吸収冷凍ループに伝達する圧縮エネルギー熱回収段とを更に含む、請求項17記載のシステム。
- 前記ガスの非液化成分を低圧蒸気再利用ループ内で再利用するガス再利用段を更に含み、前記低圧蒸気再利用ループは、前記圧縮および冷却ガスを更に冷却し、該ガスは、次に前記圧縮段に方向付けられる、請求項18記載のシステム。
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