JP2018501090A - 高効率pm2.5捕捉のための空気フィルタ - Google Patents
高効率pm2.5捕捉のための空気フィルタ Download PDFInfo
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- JP2018501090A JP2018501090A JP2017530679A JP2017530679A JP2018501090A JP 2018501090 A JP2018501090 A JP 2018501090A JP 2017530679 A JP2017530679 A JP 2017530679A JP 2017530679 A JP2017530679 A JP 2017530679A JP 2018501090 A JP2018501090 A JP 2018501090A
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- air filter
- air
- filter
- polymer
- removal efficiency
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- B01D2239/025—Types of fibres, filaments or particles, self-supporting or supported materials comprising nanofibres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D2239/06—Filter cloth, e.g. knitted, woven non-woven; self-supported material
- B01D2239/0604—Arrangement of the fibres in the filtering material
- B01D2239/0631—Electro-spun
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D2239/06—Filter cloth, e.g. knitted, woven non-woven; self-supported material
- B01D2239/065—More than one layer present in the filtering material
- B01D2239/0654—Support layers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
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- B01D2239/10—Filtering material manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2014年12月12日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/091,041の利益を主張するものであり、該米国仮特許出願の内容は、その全体が参照により本明細書中に援用される。
本明細書に説明される本発明のいくつかの実施形態の一側面は、基板と、基板上に堆積されるポリマーナノ繊維の網とを含む、空気フィルタに関し、空気フィルタは、少なくとも50%の光透過率と、PM2.5に対して少なくとも70%の除去効率とを有する。
また、本明細書に開示されるのは、導電性空気フィルタである。故に、本明細書に説明される本発明のいくつかの実施形態の一側面は、第1の電気電圧を受容するように適合される第1の層を含む、電気空気フィルタに関し、第1の層は、伝導性材料でコーティングされた有機繊維を含む。
本明細書に説明される本発明のいくつかの実施形態の別の側面は、基板と、基板上に堆積されるポリマーナノ繊維の網とを含む、高温濾過のための空気フィルタに関し、空気フィルタは、動作温度少なくとも70℃でPM2.5に対して少なくとも70%の除去効率を有する。
(実施例1.1)電界紡糸。ポリマーのための溶液系は、ジメチルホルムアミド(DMF、EMDMillipore)中6重量%ポリアクリロニトリル(PAN、MW=1.5×105g/モル、Sigma−Aldrich)と、エタノール(FisherScientific)中7重量%ポリビニルピロリドン(PVP、MW=1.3×106g/モル、Acros)と、蒸留水中10重量%ポリビニルアルコール(PVA、MW=9.5×104g/モル、Sigma−Aldrich)と、0.1重量%臭化ミリスチルトリメチルアンモニウム(MTAB、Acros)とともにDMF中6重量%ポリスチレン(PS、MW=2.8×105g/モル、Sigma−Aldrich)とである。ポリマー溶液は、電圧源(ES30P−5W、Gamma High Voltage Research)に接続される22ゲージ針先端を伴う1−mL注入器内に装填された。溶液は、注入器ポンプ(KD Scientific)を使用して、針先端から圧送された。繊維ガラスワイヤメッシュ(New York Wire)が、約150nmの銅で両側にスパッタコーティングされ(AJA International)、電界紡糸されたナノ繊維を収集するために接地された。ワイヤ直径は、0.011インチであって、メッシュサイズは、18×16であった。電界紡糸されたナノ繊維は、以前の報告同様に、メッシュ孔に横架し、空気フィルタを形成するであろう。印加される電位、圧送率、電界紡糸持続時間、および針収集機距離は、ナノ繊維直径および充塞密度を制御するために緻密に調節された。
Claims (35)
- 基板と、前記基板上に堆積されるポリマーナノ繊維の網とを含む、空気フィルタであって、前記フィルタを通した光透過率が50%を下回るとき、PM2.5に対して少なくとも70%の除去効率を有する、空気フィルタ。
- 前記ポリマーナノ繊維は、少なくとも1Dの双極子モーメントを有する反復単位を含む、ポリマーを含む、請求項1に記載の空気フィルタ。
- 前記ポリマーナノ繊維は、少なくとも2Dの双極子モーメントを有する反復単位を含む、ポリマーを含む、請求項1に記載の空気フィルタ。
- 前記ポリマーナノ繊維は、少なくとも3Dの双極子モーメントを有する反復単位を含む、ポリマーを含む、請求項1に記載の空気フィルタ。
- 前記ポリマーナノ繊維は、ポリアクリロニトリルを含む、請求項1に記載の空気フィルタ。
- 前記ポリマーナノ繊維は、ナイロンを含む、請求項1に記載の空気フィルタ。
- 前記ポリマーナノ繊維は、平均直径10〜900nmを有する、請求項1に記載の空気フィルタ。
- 前記ポリマーナノ繊維は、正または負の正味電荷を有する、請求項1に記載の空気フィルタ。
- 前記空気フィルタは、光透過率が70%を下回るとき、PM2.5に対して少なくとも90%の除去効率と、PM10−2.5に対して少なくとも90%の除去効率とを有する、請求項1に記載の空気フィルタ。
- 前記空気フィルタは、平均PM2.5指数300および平均風速1マイル/時間を有する空気への100時間の暴露後、PM2.5に対して少なくとも90%の除去効率を有する、請求項1に記載の空気フィルタ。
- 他の材料も、より多くの機能性を提供するために、ポリマーナノ繊維に追加される、請求項1に記載の空気フィルタ。
- 請求項1に記載の空気フィルタを備える、空気濾過デバイス。
- 窓網戸、装着式マスク、屋内用空気濾過ユニット、建物用空調および換気システム、自動車用空調システム、自動車用排気システム、産業用排気システム、クリーンルーム空気濾過システム、タバコフィルタ、または屋外用濾過システムの中に組み込まれる、請求項12に記載の空気濾過デバイス。
- 請求項1に記載の空気フィルタを作製するための方法であって、少なくとも1D、または少なくとも2D、または少なくとも3Dの双極子モーメントを有する反復単位を含む1〜20重量%のポリマーを含むポリマー溶液から、前記ポリマーナノ繊維を前記基板上に電界紡糸するステップを含む、方法。
- 空気濾過デバイスを作製するための方法であって、請求項1に記載の空気フィルタを窓網戸、装着式マスク、屋内用空気濾過ユニット、建物用空調および換気システム、自動車用空調システム、自動車用排気システム、産業用排気システム、クリーンルーム空気濾過システム、タバコフィルタ、または屋外用濾過システムの中に組み込むステップを含む、方法。
- 第1の電気電圧を受容するように適合される第1の層を含む、電気空気フィルタであって、前記第1の層は、伝導性材料でコーティングされた有機繊維を含む、電気空気フィルタ。
- 前記有機繊維は、マイクロ繊維またはナノ繊維であって、前記有機繊維は、前記伝導性材料で部分的にコーティングされ、前記伝導性材料は、炭素、金属、金属酸化物、金属窒化物、金属炭化物、および伝導性ポリマーから選択される、請求項16に記載の電気空気フィルタ。
- 前記有機繊維は、コーティングされた側と、コーティングされない側とを含み、前記コーティングされない側は、気流方向に面する、請求項17に記載の電気空気フィルタ。
- 前記有機繊維は、マイクロ繊維またはナノ繊維であって、前記有機繊維は、前記伝導性材料でコーティングされ、前記伝導性材料は、炭素、金属、金属酸化物、金属窒化物、金属炭化物、および伝導性ポリマーから選択され、前記伝導性材料は、PM2.5に対して親和性を増加させるための極性基で官能化された表面である、請求項16に記載の電気空気フィルタ。
- 第2の電気電圧を受容するように適合される第2の層をさらに備える、請求項16に記載の電気空気フィルタ。
- 請求項16に記載の電気空気フィルタを備える、空気濾過システム。
- 換気システム、空調システム、および自動車室内用空気フィルタから選択される、請求項21に記載の空気濾過システム。
- 請求項16に記載の電気空気フィルタを作製するための方法であって、金属または金属酸化物をマイクロ繊維またはナノ繊維上にスパッタコーティングするステップを含み、前記スパッタコーティングは、指向性であって、前記マイクロ繊維またはナノ繊維は、前記金属または金属酸化物で部分的にコーティングされる、方法。
- 請求項16に記載の電気空気フィルタを作製するための方法であって、金属または金属酸化物でコーティングされたマイクロ繊維またはナノ繊維を処理し、反応基を発生させるステップと、前記反応基と有機化合物を反応させ、前記金属または金属酸化物コーティングの表面を官能化させ、PM2.5に対する親和性を増加させるステップとを含む、方法。
- 請求項16に記載の電気空気フィルタを使用してPM2.5を濾過するための方法であって、電気電圧を前記電気空気フィルタの第1の層に印加するステップを含む、方法。
- 基板と、前記基板上に堆積されるポリマーナノ繊維の網とを含む、高温濾過のための空気フィルタであって、少なくとも70℃の動作温度でPM2.5に対して少なくとも70%の除去効率を有する、空気フィルタ。
- 前記ポリマーナノ繊維は、少なくとも1D、または少なくとも2D、または少なくとも3Dの双極子モーメントを有する反復単位を含む、ポリマーを含む、請求項26に記載の空気フィルタ。
- 前記ポリマーナノ繊維は、ポリイミドを含む、請求項26に記載の空気フィルタ。
- 前記ポリマーナノ繊維は、平均直径10〜900nmを有する、請求項26に記載の空気フィルタ。
- 前記空気フィルタは、ガス速度0.2m/秒で圧力降下500Paもしくはそれ未満と、少なくとも70℃の動作温度でPM2.5に対して少なくとも80%の除去効率と、少なくとも70℃の動作温度でPM10−2.5に対して少なくとも80%の除去効率とを有する、請求項26に記載の空気フィルタ。
- 前記空気フィルタは、少なくとも70℃の動作温度で、平均PM2.5指数300および平均風速0.2m/秒を有する空気への100時間の暴露後、PM2.5に対して少なくとも80%の除去効率を有する、請求項26に記載の空気フィルタ。
- 請求項26に記載の空気フィルタを備える汚染源から高温PM2.5粒子を除去するための空気濾過デバイス。
- 車両用排気フィルタ、産業用排気フィルタ、および発電所用排気フィルタから選択される、請求項32に記載の空気濾過デバイス。
- 請求項26に記載の空気フィルタを作製するための方法であって、少なくとも1Dの双極子モーメントを有する反復単位を含む1〜30重量%のポリマーを含むポリマー溶液から、前記ポリマーナノ繊維を前記基板上に電界紡糸するステップを含む、方法。
- 汚染源から高温PM2.5粒子を除去するための空気濾過デバイスを作製するための方法であって、請求項26に記載の空気フィルタを車両用排気フィルタ、産業用排気フィルタ、または発電所用排気フィルタの中に組み込むステップを含む、方法。
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US20160166959A1 (en) | 2016-06-16 |
BR112017011442A2 (pt) | 2018-02-27 |
CA2967048A1 (en) | 2016-06-16 |
BR112017011442B1 (pt) | 2022-04-26 |
EP3229934A1 (en) | 2017-10-18 |
KR20170097066A (ko) | 2017-08-25 |
EP3229934A4 (en) | 2018-07-04 |
SG11201703808TA (en) | 2017-06-29 |
CN106999953B (zh) | 2020-01-14 |
WO2016094906A1 (en) | 2016-06-16 |
CN106999953A (zh) | 2017-08-01 |
JP2020199504A (ja) | 2020-12-17 |
MX2017007417A (es) | 2018-04-20 |
US20230277967A1 (en) | 2023-09-07 |
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