JP2018150720A - Method and system for displaying information of working face, and tunnel construction method by using these - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for displaying an information of a working face, which makes it possible that a worker executes a construction work, while viewing a ground condition of a surface of blow-coated concrete, in addition to secure safety by way of blow-coating concrete on the working face.SOLUTION: Firstly taking pictures of the area including a first working face which is an exposed surface of a ground of a cutting face exposed by means of blast drilling by using a digital camera, and creating information image data of the working face, which include a display information for showing a ground condition of the working face based on photographed image data. Meanwhile, blow-coating concrete on the first surface of the working face, and projecting a working face information image which is an image showing the working face information image data on the second surface of the working face which is this blow-coated concrete surface. Thereafter determining a construction information such as charging holes etc on a projected image, creating working face information update image data by adding a display information of the determined construction information to the working face information image data, and projecting the working face information update image data which is the image for showing the created the working face information update image data to the second surface of the working face.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a technique for displaying information related to a tunnel face.

  Conventionally, in tunnel construction such as mountain tunnels, there is a technology to display the tunnel center line, support construction line, excavation line, blast pattern, etc. on the face surface exposed by laser light on the face face exposed by excavation of natural ground Yes (see Patent Document 1).

JP-A-5-157559

  However, in the above prior art, laser light is directly applied to the exposed face after excavation (natural ground surface), and the work is performed while comparing the actual natural ground state with display information such as planned lines and planned blasting patterns. Do. Here, it is recommended that the face be blown immediately after excavation by blasting or the like to ensure safety. For this reason, when working without entering the mirror, when working on the face, it is safe to strengthen the equipment than usual or to arrange a larger number of observers in preparation for skin removal from the face. It is necessary to ensure sex. On the other hand, mirror-cutting the face is effective for improving safety, but the ground is covered with concrete, so the situation of the face cannot be visually recognized during construction. Therefore, inconvenience arises when it is desired to visually check the ground condition during construction as in the prior art.

  Therefore, the present invention was made paying attention to such an unsolved problem of the conventional technology, and the construction worker was mirror-blasted while ensuring safety by mirror-blowing the face. An object of the present invention is to provide a face information display method, face information display system, and a tunnel construction method using the face information display method, which can perform construction work while visually checking the ground condition on the concrete surface.

  In order to achieve the above object, a face information display method according to a first aspect of the present invention is a face photographing that uses a digital camera to photograph a region including a first face that is an exposed surface of a natural face of a tunnel face. And generating face information image data including display information indicating at least the ground face condition of the tunnel face based on the process and the photographed image data of the area including the first face obtained by photographing with the digital camera The face information image data generating step, the mirror blowing step of mirror blowing concrete onto the first face, and the second face, which is the surface of the concrete after the mirror blowing, A face information image projecting step for projecting a face information image which is an image to be shown.

  In order to achieve the above object, the face information display system according to the second aspect of the present invention photographs a region including the first face that is the exposed face of the ground face of the tunnel face with a digital camera. A captured image data acquisition unit that acquires the captured image data obtained in the above, and based on the captured image data of the area including the first face surface acquired by the captured image data acquisition unit, at least of the first face surface A face information image data generation unit that generates face information image data including display information indicating the ground condition, and a second face that is the surface of the concrete after mirror-spraying concrete on the first face, A face information image projection unit that projects a face information image that is an image indicated by the face information image data generated by the face information image data generation unit.

  Moreover, in order to achieve the said objective, the tunnel construction method which concerns on the 3rd form of this invention is a face face imaging | photography process which image | photographs the area | region containing the 1st face face which is an exposed face of a tunnel face with a digital camera, A face that generates face information image data including at least display information indicating the ground condition of the tunnel face based on imaged image data of the area including the first face obtained by photographing with the digital camera. An information image data generation step, a mirror blowing step of mirror blowing concrete onto the first face, and an image indicated by the face information image data on a second face that is the surface of the concrete after the mirror blowing. A face information image projecting step for projecting a face information image, and a charge for determining the number of charge holes, the position of the charge hole, and the amount of charge based on the face information image projected on the second face surface An information determining step, a drilling step of drilling a charge hole at the position of the charge hole determined in the charge information determining step in the tunnel face after the mirror blowing, and in each of the charged hole holes A loading step of loading the amount of explosive determined in the charging information determination step, and an excavation step of excavating the loaded explosive.

  According to the face information display method, face information display system, and tunnel construction method according to the present invention, the concrete is mirror-sprayed on the exposed first face of the ground face of the tunnel face, and the concrete surface after the mirror is blown. A face information image including display information indicating at least the situation of the tunnel face is projected onto the face of No. 2. As a result, the construction worker on site can visually recognize the ground condition of the tunnel face from the projected face information image. In addition, many construction workers at the site can perform construction work while sharing the ground conditions of the tunnel face. As a result, the construction work can be made more efficient, and the safety can be improved in the construction work that enters the face.

It is a flowchart which shows an example of the construction procedure of the mountain tunnel using the face information display method which concerns on embodiment. (A)-(c) is a figure for demonstrating the procedure from the excavation by blasting to imaging | photography of the 1st face. (A)-(d) is a figure for demonstrating the procedure from the mirror blowing of the 1st face to the projection to the 2nd face of the face information update image. It is a block diagram which shows the structural example of the face information display system which concerns on embodiment. It is a figure for demonstrating the moving structure of the projector using a mobile illuminating device. It is a flowchart which shows an example of the process sequence of a face information image generation process. It is a figure which shows an example of the face information image projected on the 2nd face face 1c. It is a figure which shows an example of the face information update image projected on the 2nd face face 1c. It is a figure which shows the modification of the moving structure of the projector using a drill jumbo. It is a figure which shows an example of a 2nd face information image. It is a figure which shows an example of a 3rd face information image.

  Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the following description of the drawings, the same or similar parts are denoted by the same or similar reference numerals. However, it should be noted that the drawings are schematic, and the vertical and horizontal dimensions and scales of members and parts are different from actual ones. Therefore, specific dimensions and scales should be determined in consideration of the following description. Moreover, it is a matter of course that portions having different dimensional relationships and ratios are included between the drawings.

  Further, the following embodiments exemplify apparatuses and methods for embodying the technical idea of the present invention, and the technical idea of the present invention is the material, shape, structure, and arrangement of components. Etc. are not specified as follows. The technical idea of the present invention can be variously modified within the technical scope defined by the claims described in the claims.

(Embodiment)
In the present embodiment, a case where the present invention is applied to mountain tunnel construction will be described as an example. In the present embodiment, a case where a NATM (New Austrian Tunneling Method) is applied as a tunnel construction method will be described as an example.
Here, the NATM is a method of roughly digging a tunnel by repeating the following steps (1) to (5).

(1) Excavate the ground with explosive blasting or excavating machines.
(2) Remove the shear generated by excavation.
(3) The support work will be installed.
(4) Reinforce the excavation site with concrete.
(5) The tunnel is held using the holding power of the natural ground itself by driving a rock bolt into the rock.

  In addition, the reinforcement until the shotcrete and the rock bolt exert the support effect and the reinforcement holding force after the shotcrete is hardened by building the support work before the concrete is sprayed. However, if the ground conditions at the excavation site are good, it is possible to omit the support work.

  In addition, depending on the natural conditions of the excavation site such as the face and the natural conditions predicted by geological exploration such as drilling, the necessity of support work, the number of charge holes when blasting, the position of charge holes Determine construction information such as charge amount.

  Here, since the natural ground situation may change greatly during digging, it is necessary to proceed with construction in response to this change. At that time, it is desirable to proceed with the construction while grasping the ground condition by visual observation. However, a part where the ground part such as a face is exposed has a risk of collapsing such as skin peeling. For this reason, with emphasis on safety, concrete is blown immediately after excavation to reinforce it. However, if concrete is sprayed immediately, it will not be possible to visually check the ground condition of the excavation site. Conventionally, before the spraying, the ground condition of the excavation site is recorded by shooting with a digital camera or a rock class sketch. doing.

  However, in sketches and digital photographs, the display medium is relatively small, and it is necessary to move to a place where the display medium (for example, a PC monitor) is located, or hold a digital camera or sketch paper in your hand. Because there is a necessity, it is difficult for many workers on the site to perform work while sharing accurate ground conditions.

On the other hand, in this embodiment, the face information image including display information indicating construction information such as the ground condition of the face and the position of the charge hole is projected onto the concrete surface after the concrete is mirror-blown. That is, while ensuring safety, it is possible for many workers on the site to easily share the exact ground condition and construction information of the face.
Hereinafter, a tunnel construction procedure using the face information image display method according to the present embodiment will be described based on FIGS. 1 to 3.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 (a), first, based on the number of charge holes and the position of the charge holes determined in the previous construction cycle, the face 1 after the concrete has been mirror-blown, A plurality of charge holes 2 are drilled (step S1). In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2A, the charge hole 2 is drilled using, for example, a drill jumbo 100.
Hereinafter, the surface of the exposed face 1 of the natural ground after excavation will be referred to as “first face face 1e”, and the concrete surface mirror-sprayed on the first face face 1e will be referred to as “second face face 1c”. ".

  After drilling the charge holes 2, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 (b), the explosive is loaded into each charge hole 2 based on the charge amount determined in the previous construction cycle, The loaded explosive is blasted (blasted) to excavate the front ground including the face 1 (step S2). By excavation by this blasting, as shown in FIG. 2 (b), a new face 1 is exposed and a shear S (sediment or crushed rock) is generated.

In the above-described steps S1 and S2, in the case of the first construction cycle, the number of charge holes, the position of the charge holes, and the charge amount are determined based on the survey results of the ground conditions obtained in the preliminary survey. .
After excavation by blasting, the generated shear S is removed (step S3). The removal (sliding out) of the shear S is performed using a transportation means (not shown) such as a belt conveyor or a dump truck.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 (c), the person in charge of shooting at the site 200, for example, with the digital camera DC held on the first face 1e with the ground exposed, is shown. Shooting is performed (step S4).

  Specifically, an area including the first face surface 1e (the whole) is photographed by the digital camera DC from a position that is a predetermined distance away from the first face surface 1e. It should be noted that in order to make it possible to grasp the detailed ground condition of the face 1 from the photographed image of the area including the first face face 1e, digital images having as many effective pixels as possible (for example, 10 million pixels or more) are necessary. It is desirable to use a camera DC. In addition, in the present embodiment, for example, as shown in the first to sixteenth divided photographed images P1 to P16 in FIG. 2C, the first face plane 1e is captured between adjacent divided photographed images. Shooting is performed by dividing into a plurality of sheets (16 sheets in the example of FIG. 2C) so that a part of them overlaps (wraps). In the present embodiment, the plurality of divided photographed images are connected (panorama synthesized) to obtain one photographed image including the entire first facet 1e. That is, a higher-resolution captured image is obtained as compared with the case where the entire first facet 1e is stored in one captured image.

After photographing the first facet 1e, as shown in FIG. 1, for example, a steel arch-shaped support (not shown) is built in the excavation site around the tunnel with bolts or the like (step S5). If the natural conditions are good, step S5 may be omitted.
After the support construction, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 3 (a), concrete is mirror-sprayed on the excavation site including the first face face 1e with the spraying machine 300 (step S6).

  On the other hand, after shooting the first face 1e, a plurality of divided shot images are panorama synthesized based on the plurality of divided shot image data of the first face 1e recorded in the digital camera DC. A process of extracting data of the image portion of the first face 1e (hereinafter referred to as “face face image”) from the combined image data is performed. Then, based on the extracted face image data (hereinafter referred to as “face face image data”), basic information of the face 1 (information such as shape and size), face analysis information, and the like, a face for projection is used. Information image data is generated (step S7).

  Here, the face information image data is an image data obtained by combining information indicating features of the natural ground constituting the face 1 and information for clearly indicating a noticeable location such as a spring location or a dangerous location on the face image. It becomes. Furthermore, in this embodiment, based on the basic information of the face 1 and the distance data between the projector 5 (described later) and the face 1, the second face 1c is used by using a known projection mapping technique. In addition, the face information image data is converted into image data for projection so that the actual size face image (actual image of the first face 1e) overlaps with the shape and size.

  After generating the face information image data for projection, based on the generated face information image data, as shown by a dotted line in FIG. 3 (b), the face information information 50 on the second face 1c is projected on the second face 1c by the projector 5. Is projected (step S8). In the example of FIG. 3B, an image including only the face surface image 50FS is projected as the face information image 50.

  Here, the projection of the face information image 50 is performed after the projector 5 is moved by the distance of the digging by blasting by means of moving the projector 5 described later. That is, when projecting the face information image 50, the distance between the face 1 and the projector 5 is kept at a constant distance suitable for projection.

  After projecting the face information image 50, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3C, a plurality of lock bolts 20 are installed around the tunnel 3 (step S9). Specifically, although not shown, a plurality of lock bolt holes are drilled along the periphery of the tunnel 3 with the drill jumbo 100 and the lock bolts 20 are inserted into the lock bolt holes.

  After the installation of the lock bolt 20, the face information image 50 projected on the second face 1c is referred to, and the number of charge holes, the position of the charge holes, the charge amount, etc. for the next construction cycle are displayed. Construction information is determined (step S10).

After the construction information is determined, display information indicating the determined construction information is displayed on the face information image data related to the currently projected face information image 50 (in this embodiment, a plurality of charge hole position images indicating the charge hole positions). ) Is added to generate face information update image data (step S11).
After generation of the face information update image data, based on the generated face information update image data, as shown by a dotted line and a plurality of white circles in FIG. A face information update image 51 including a face surface image 50FS and a plurality of charge hole position images 2c is projected (step S12).

(Configuration of face information display system 4)
Next, in the system that performs the generation processing of the face information image data in step S7, S8, S11, and S12, the projection processing of the face information image 50, the generation processing of the face information update image data, and the projection processing of the face information update image 51. A face information display system 4 according to this embodiment will be described.

  As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the face information display system 4 includes a projector 5, a laser distance meter 6, a control device 7, a surveying device 8, a display device 9, and a mobile lighting device 10. Prepare.

  The projector 5 includes a projector suitable for projection mapping, such as a known 3-chip DLP (Digital Light Processing) type high-intensity projector. As shown in FIG. 5, the projector 5 is attached to the mobile lighting device 10 and is configured to move together with the mobile lighting device 10. That is, in this embodiment, the mobile lighting device 10 used for illuminating the work area in the tunnel is used for the movement of the projector 5.

  The projector 5 is connected to the control device 7 via an electric cable 19 so that data can be transmitted and received. The projector 5 receives the projection image signal transmitted from the control device 7 via the electric cable 19 and projects an image according to the received projection image signal.

  The laser distance meter 6 includes a phase difference type distance meter in the present embodiment. In addition, in the present embodiment, the laser distance meter 6 is attached to the projector 5 so as to irradiate the laser light in the same direction as the irradiation direction of the projection light 5PL of the projector 5. The laser distance meter 6 measures the distance D between the projector 5 and the face 1 by measuring the phase difference between the laser irradiation light and the reflected light. The laser distance meter 6 is connected to the control device 7 via an electric cable 19 so as to be able to transmit and receive data. Then, the laser distance meter 6 transmits distance data, which is data of the measured distance D, to the control device 7 via the electric cable 19.

  Returning to FIG. 4, the control device 7 is composed of a personal computer in this embodiment. That is, although not shown, the control device 7 includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a RAM (Random Access Memory), and a ROM (Read Only Memory). In addition, an input / output interface (I / F) and various internal and external buses for data transfer are provided. The CPU, RAM, and ROM are connected by various internal and external buses, and input devices (not shown) such as a keyboard and a mouse, a display device 9 and the like are connected to the bus via an input / output I / F. ing.

  When the power is turned on, a system program such as BIOS stored in the ROM loads various computer programs stored in advance in the ROM or other storage devices into the RAM. Then, in accordance with instructions described in a program loaded in the RAM, the CPU makes use of various resources to perform predetermined control and arithmetic processing so that each function described later can be realized on software.

  Specifically, the control device 7 generates a face surface image data based on a plurality of divided photographed image data acquired from the digital camera DC, and the face surface image data generated and a face face previously stored in a memory such as a RAM. A function of generating face information image data based on various data for generating information image data. Further, the projector 5 has a function of transmitting a projection image signal to the projector 5 based on the generated face information image data and causing the projector 5 to project the face information image 50 onto the second face 1c.

  Furthermore, in this embodiment, the control device 7 adds display information of construction information such as the charge hole position image 2c to the face information image 50 based on the construction information determined based on the projected face information image 50. Has a function of generating the face information update image data. In addition, it has a function of transmitting a projection image signal to the projector 5 based on the generated face information update image data, and causing the projector 5 to project the face information update image 51 onto the second face surface 1c. .

  The surveying device 8 is composed of a surveying machine such as a total station, for example, and is used for various surveys in the tunnel. In the present embodiment, it is particularly used for surveying basic information of the face 1. Here, the surveying device 8 and the control device 7 are connected via a communication cable (not shown) such as an RS232C cable, for example, and the surveying device 8 sends the surveyed information to the control device 7 via the communication cable. Send to.

  The display device 9 includes a known display device such as a liquid crystal display, a CRT display, or an organic EL display. The display device 9 is connected to the control device 7 via a display cable, and receives an image display signal from the control device 7 via this display cable. And according to the received image display signal, various images, such as various software screens and a face image, are displayed.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the mobile lighting device 10 includes a gantry 11, a front lighting lamp 12, a rear lighting lamp 13, an electric trolley 14, first and second front trolleys 15 and 16, and wireless communication. A device 17, a remote controller 18, and an electric cable 19 are provided.

In the tunnel 3, a rail 30 made of I-type steel is provided in the present embodiment as a moving path of the mobile lighting device 10. The rail 30 is suspended from a top end of the tunnel 3 by a plurality of rail support members 31 in a horizontal posture along the axial direction of the tunnel 3.
The gantry 11 serves as a base of the mobile lighting device 10. The frame 11 is not particularly limited in shape, material, or the like, and is configured by combining, for example, a steel bar or plate.

  The front illumination lamp 12 is installed on the front side of the gantry 11 (face 1 side), and irradiates light particularly in front. The rear illumination lamp 13 is installed on the rear side (wellhead side) of the gantry 11 and irradiates light particularly on the rear side. The projector 5 is installed in front of the front illumination lamp 12 of the gantry 11.

  The electric trolley 14 is installed on the rear side of the gantry 11. Although not shown, the electric trolley 14 includes a wheel that contacts the rail 30 and a motor that applies a rotational force to the wheel. The electric trolley 14 rotates the wheel by the driving force generated by the motor, and moves the movable lighting device 10 forward or backward by the frictional force between the rotating wheel and the rail 30.

  The first and second front trolleys 15 and 16 are installed above the projector 5 and the front illumination lamp 12 of the gantry 11. The first and second front trolleys 15 and 16 are provided with wheels that contact the rail 30, although not shown. However, none of them has a motor. That is, the first and second front trolleys 15 and 16 are driven by the moving illuminating device 10 moving forward or backward by the electric trolley 14 to rotate the wheels.

The wireless communication device 17 receives a signal from the remote controller 18 using wireless communication, and transmits the received information to each component of the mobile lighting device 10, the projector 5, and the like.
The remote controller 18 is operated by the operator 201 of the mobile lighting device 10 by holding it, and transmits information to the wireless communication device 17 using wireless communication.

  The electric cable 19 is a cable for supplying electric power to each configuration of the mobile lighting device 10 and the projector 5 and the laser distance meter 6. Control signals and measurement signals are transmitted between the projector 5 and the laser distance meter 6 and the control device 7. The transmission / reception cable includes a cable for transmitting a control signal, a projection image signal, and the like from the control device 7 to the projector 5.

  Here, in this embodiment, the remote control 18 which the operator 201 has is comprised so that the electric trolley 14, the front illumination lamp 12, and the back illumination lamp 13 of the mobile illuminating device 10 can be remotely operated. In addition, the projector 5 and the laser rangefinder 6 can be remotely operated by the remote controller 18. Specifically, the rotation direction and rotation speed of the motor of the electric trolley 14 can be controlled by transmitting a remote operation signal from the remote controller 18, and the front illumination lamp 12 and the rear illumination lamp 13 are turned on / off, and the amount of light at the time of lighting is adjusted. Etc. can be performed. In addition, by transmitting a remote operation signal from the remote controller 18, the power of the projector 5 can be turned on / off, and when the posture (irradiation angle, etc.) can be changed by the remote controller, the posture can be changed. It has become.

  It should be noted that, when excavating by blasting, stepping stones are generated due to the impact of blasting. Therefore, in order to protect the projector 5, the front illumination lamp 12 and the like from the stepping stones, the mobile lighting device 10 is provided with protective means such as an openable iron plate. It may be.

(Face information image data generation processing)
Next, the processing procedure of the face information image data generation process executed by the control device 7 in step S7 will be described.
When the face information image data generation process is executed in the control device 7, as shown in FIG. 6, first, the process proceeds to step S51.

  In step S51, the control device 7 reads a plurality of divided photographed image data obtained by dividing the first face 1e photographed by the digital camera DC into a plurality of sheets and reading it from a memory such as a RAM. Thereafter, the process proceeds to step S52.

  Here, the reading of the plurality of divided photographed image data is performed by, for example, an operator of the control device 7 reading the digital camera DC used for photographing from the digital camera DC by connecting to the control device 7 with a USB cable or the like. The divided photographed image data already stored in the RAM of the control device 7 is selected on the face information image data generation processing software via a memory card reader or the like.

In step S <b> 52, the control device 7 generates face surface image data based on the read plurality of divided captured image data. Thereafter, the process proceeds to step S53.
Here, the face surface image data generation processing of the present embodiment is automatically performed by image processing. That is, by image processing, a plurality of divided photographed image data are connected to generate image data (panoramic image data) including the entire first facet 1e. Next, the image portion of the first face 1e is extracted from the generated panoramic image data by edge detection processing, pattern matching processing, and the like.

  The extraction of the image portion of the first face 1e is performed, for example, on the software for the face information image data generation processing by the operator manually instructing the area via the input device. Also good.

  In step S53, the face image data is analyzed by the control device 7 using the color information, edge information, and the like. Then, the analysis result information is stored in the RAM, and the process proceeds to step S54.

Here, the analysis of the face is not only performed on the software by the control device 7, but separately read by an experienced worker who is familiar with ground conditions from the actual first face 1e and face image data. Etc. may be performed. The information analyzed in this way is input to the control device 7 by the operator via the input device. The input information is stored in a memory such as a RAM.
Further, analysis may be performed based not only on analysis of face image data and visual analysis, but also based on a survey result that has been previously surveyed by boring or the like.

  In addition, for example, the generated face image data and the analysis result data are stored as big data, machine learning is performed using a machine learning technique such as deep learning, and the face image data A neural network that can obtain an appropriate analysis result for the input is constructed. Then, analysis may be performed using the constructed neural network.

In addition, as analysis content of a face, the following (a)-(e) is mentioned, for example.
(A) Geology (name of rock) and its distribution, properties and self-supporting nature of the face (b) State of the natural ground such as hardness and softness of the natural ground, the interval between cracks and the dominant direction (c) Distribution, running, slope of fault Degree of clay formation (d) Spring location, amount of spring and its state (e) Distribution of soft layer In this embodiment, the name and distribution of rocks constituting the first face 1e, the distribution of clay, each distribution region Analysis of rock properties, distribution of springs, and distribution of soft layers such as fracture zones.

In step S54, the control device 7 generates display information to be added to the face plane image based on the analysis result information, and the process proceeds to step S55.
Here, the display information includes, for example, information indicating the names of the constituent elements constituting the first face 1e (the names of rocks such as granite, clay, spring water, crush zones, etc.), the properties of the rocks and clay ( Information (including hard and soft) (for example, information based on a conventionally used rock evaluation standard), information that clearly indicates a point of interest such as a spring point or a crushing point, and the like are included. For example, when an operator takes over between a day part and a night part, display information such as a comment that the taker wants to convey, such as many cracks or brittleness, may be generated.

In step S55, the control device 7 combines the display information generated in step S54 with the face image data to generate face information image data. Thereafter, the process proceeds to step S56.
In the present embodiment, the display information is combined with the face image data so that each display information is contained in the face image.

In step S56, the control device 7 acquires distance data indicating the distance D between the projector 5 and the face 1 (second face 1c in the present embodiment) measured by the laser distance meter 6. In addition, the basic information of the face 1 that has been previously measured by the surveying device 8 and stored in the RAM is read out. Thereafter, the process proceeds to step S57.
Here, the basic information of the face 1 includes an outer diameter shape of the face 1, a size such as a radius and a base, and a surface unevenness shape that is large enough to have a non-negligible effect on the projected image.

  In step S57, the control device 7 converts the face information image data into image data for projection (projection mapping) using the projection mapping technique based on the face information image data, the distance data, and the basic information of the face 1. Convert. Thereafter, the series of processes is terminated and the process returns to the original process.

  The projection face information image data for projection thus generated is transmitted as a projection image signal from the control device 7 to the projector 5 via the electric cable 19, and the projector 5 receives the received projection image signal (face face). A face information image 50 indicated by (information image data) is projected on the second face 1c. As a result, a face image 50FS indicating the captured image itself (actual size) of the first face 1e is displayed on the second face 1c. In addition, their names are displayed on the distribution area of the notable part of the face plane image 50FS, and a symbol indicating the property (hardness, etc.) beside the name of the rock (defined by evaluation criteria) (Alphabetic) is displayed. In addition, for a spring point or a dangerous point that should be particularly noted, a circle surrounding them is displayed.

(Operation)
Next, the operation of the present embodiment will be described based on FIGS. 7 to 8 with reference to FIGS.
Now, it is assumed that a new face 1 is exposed during excavation by blasting and subsequent sliding during construction of a mountain tunnel, as shown in FIG.

  When the new face 1 is exposed, the photographer 200 takes an image of the area including the entire first face 1e of the face 1 with the digital camera DC. Here, for example, as shown in FIG. 2C, the image is divided into 16 areas of first to sixteenth divided photographed images P1 to P16. The photographed image data obtained by this photographing is transmitted to the control device 7 here via a USB cable (not shown) and stored in the RAM of the control device 7.

  In the control device 7, software for generating face information image data is executed. First, panorama synthesis is performed on 16 pieces of captured image data stored in the RAM, and one piece including the entire first face 1e is formed. Generate image data. Then, from this image data, a face surface image that is an image portion of the first face surface 1e is extracted to generate face surface image data.

  Subsequently, the control device 7 performs image processing on the generated face image data, and analyzes the face based on the color information, edge information, and the like. By this analysis, for example, distribution information such as rocks, clay, spring locations, crush zones, information indicating these properties, and the like are obtained. Further, information such as the type and properties of rocks that cannot be obtained by image processing alone is obtained by analyzing the actual first face face 1e and the generated face face image data by visual inspection of the operator.

Information (analysis information) obtained by these analyzes is stored in a memory such as a RAM provided in the control device 7.
When the analysis of the face 1 is completed, the control device 7 generates display information to be added to the face surface image data based on the analysis information stored in the RAM.

Here, as display information, character information indicating the names of elements constituting each distribution area, character information (symbols) indicating the properties of the elements (rocks, clay, etc.), spring locations, crush zones, etc. Marking information (graphics) that clearly indicates the location (distribution region) is generated.
When the generation of the display information is finished, the control device 7 generates the face information image data by combining the generated display information on the distribution area of each component of the face face image data.

  On the other hand, after completion of the visual analysis of the first face 1e, in parallel with the face information image data generation process, the construction of the support construction and the concrete to a new excavation location including the face 1 after the erection Mirror blow.

  When mirror blowing is completed, the control device 7 acquires distance data indicating the distance D between the projector 5 and the second face 1c from the laser distance meter 6, and the distance data and the surveying device 8 are previously surveyed. Based on the basic information of the cut face 1, the face information image data generated previously is converted into image data for projection (for projection mapping).

Subsequently, the person in charge of projecting the face information image 50 at the site moves the movable lighting device 10 by the distance advanced by excavation by remote control using the remote controller 18. Here, information on the distance D between the projector 5 and the second face 1c is displayed on the display device 9, and the person in charge performs a remote operation with the remote controller 18 while confirming this information, and determines in advance. The movable illuminating device 10 is moved until the predetermined distance is reached.
After moving the projector 5, the control device 7 transmits a projection image signal to the projector 5 through the electric cable 19 based on the projection face information image data.

  Upon receiving the projection image signal from the control device 7, the projector 5 projects the face information image 50 indicated by the received projection image signal onto the second face 1c. Here, when projecting an image, it is desirable that the projected image be clearly displayed such that the light amount of the front illumination lamp 12 is reduced or the light of the heavy equipment is turned off.

  Thus, for example, as shown in FIG. 7, an actual size face surface image 50FS (dotted line portion in the figure) of the first face surface 1e showing the photographed image itself of the first face face 1e is the second face. It is displayed on the surface 1c. In addition, a character image 50E indicating the names (granite, clay, spring water, crushing zone) is displayed on the area where each rock, clay, spring water location, crushing zone exists in the face face image 50FS. Next to the character image 50E indicating the name of the granite, an alphabet indicating the rock grade and the rock quality is displayed. Further, for the spring location and the crushing zone, a marking image 50M made of a circle surrounding these regions is displayed.

  In general, the rock grades of rocks are divided into six grades of A, B, CH, CM, CL, and D, and in this order, the rock quality is changed from extreme hardness to extreme flexibility. That is, in terms of the degree of weathering alteration, it becomes small (no weathering alteration) → large (remarkably weathering alteration). The greater the degree of weathering and alteration, the greater the risk of collapse such as skin peeling. In addition, the state of cracks is also small → large from A → CM, and crushed from CL and conversely, the cracks are reduced. In D, crazing proceeds and there are no cracks.

  As the color tone, for example, when granite is taken as an example, A is blue ash to milk ash, B is milk ash to (pale) brown ash, CH is brown ash to (pale) ash brown, CM is grey brown to pale yellow brown , CL becomes light yellowish brown to yellowish brown, and D becomes yellowish brown.

  When the face information image 50 is displayed on the second face 1c, a plurality of workers at the site continue to view the displayed face information image 50 and share the ground condition of the face 1 Then, installation work of the lock bolt 20 is performed. In addition, the construction information such as the number of charge holes, the charge hole position, and the charge amount for the next construction cycle is determined, and the determined construction information is input to the control device 7.

  In this way, multiple workers at the site can work while sharing ground conditions, so each person can be cautious while visually observing the markings displayed when approaching a hazardous area. Can take.

When the construction information is input, the control device 7 generates display information indicating the charge hole position based on the input construction information, adds this to the face information image data, and projects the information for projection. The face information update image data is generated.
Subsequently, the control device 7 transmits a projection image signal to the projector 5 through the electric cable 19 based on the projection face information update image data.

When the projector 5 receives the projection image signal from the control device 7, the projector 5 projects the face information update image 51 indicated by the received projection image signal onto the second face 1c.
Thereby, for example, as shown in FIG. 8, an image obtained by adding the charge hole position image 2 c that is display information of the charge hole position indicated by the small white circle to the face information information 50 is the second face face. 1c is displayed.

  Then, an operator who drills the charge hole 2 drills the charge hole 2 with the drill jumbo 100 based on the charge hole position image 2c displayed on the second face 1c in the next construction cycle. can do.

  As described above, since the information on the position of the charge hole is projected in addition to the ground condition of the face 1, it is possible to omit the marking operation of the position of the charge hole entering the face 1. Thereby, it becomes possible to improve the safety | security at the time of work more.

In the above embodiment, the face 1 corresponds to the tunnel face, the control device 7 corresponds to the captured image data acquisition unit and the face information image data generation unit, and the projector 5 corresponds to the face information image projection unit and the face information update image projection unit. Correspond.
In the above embodiment, the character image 50E and the marking image 50M correspond to auxiliary information.

(Operation and effect of the embodiment)
According to the face information display method according to the embodiment, the digital camera DC captures an area including the first face 1e that is the exposed surface of the ground of the face 1 exposed by excavation by blasting. Next, face information image data including display information indicating at least the ground condition of the face 1 is generated based on the photographed image data of the area including the first face 1e obtained by photographing with the digital camera DC. . On the other hand, concrete is mirror-sprayed on the first face 1e. Thereafter, a face information image 50 that is an image indicated by the face information image data is projected onto the second face 1c that is the surface of the concrete after mirror-spraying on the first face 1e.

  As a result, the construction worker at the site can visually recognize the ground condition of the face 1 from the face information image 50 projected on the second face 1c. In addition, many construction workers on site can perform construction work in a state where the ground condition of the face 1 is shared. As a result, it is possible to improve the efficiency of the construction work and improve the safety in the construction work that enters the face 1.

  Furthermore, according to the face information display method according to the embodiment, at least a captured image portion (face face image 50FS) of the first face 1e of the face information image 50 in the first face information image 50 using the projection mapping technique. The actual size of the face 1e is projected onto the second face 1c.

  As a result, the positional relationship between the constituent elements (rocks, etc.) of the first face surface 1e and the positional relation between the constituent elements of the projected face surface image 50FS can be made substantially the same positional relationship. For example, a person (including a supervisor) can take a cautious action in consideration of the dangerous place in the construction work in the vicinity of the display position of the dangerous place. As a result, it is possible to reduce the occurrence of accidents such as being involved in collapse.

  Furthermore, according to the face information display method according to the embodiment, the construction information relating to the construction of the tunnel 3 (in the embodiment, the number of charge holes, the charge) based on the face information image 50 projected on the second face 1c. Determine the hole position and charge). Next, display information related to the determined construction information (in the embodiment, the charge hole position image 2c) is added to the face information image data to generate face information update image data. Then, a face information update image 51 that is an image indicated by the face information update image data is projected onto the second face 1c.

  Thereby, in addition to sharing the ground condition of the face, the construction worker can use the face information update image 51 projected on the second face 1c, for example, construction information such as information on the charge hole position. Can be visually recognized, so that the efficiency of construction work can be improved. In addition, for example, when an operator changes between a day part and a night part, it is possible to perform more accurate takeover via the face information update image 51.

  In particular, by displaying the information on the position of the charging hole, it is possible to omit the marking operation for the position of the charging hole that has entered the face 1, so that the safety during the operation can be further improved. It becomes possible. In addition, when performing a marking operation | work, since it becomes possible to perform a marking operation | work while visually recognizing the information of a charge hole position, it becomes possible to improve the efficiency of a marking operation | work.

  Furthermore, according to the face information display method according to the embodiment, as the face information image 50, auxiliary information such as characters, figures, symbols, etc. that clearly indicate the display location of display information that should be noted geologically (in the embodiment, a character image) 50E, marking image 50M) is displayed.

  As a result, it is possible to easily grasp the status of the display information to be noted from the auxiliary information. In addition, for example, it is possible to clearly indicate a place where there is a risk of collapsing such as skin peeling or a place to be considered at the time of construction such as a spring water place. As a result, it is possible to call the construction worker's attention in clearly indicating the dangerous place, and to reduce the occurrence of accidents such as being involved in a collapse accident. In addition, the location to be considered at the time of construction is useful when determining construction information such as the number of charge holes, the position of the charge holes, and the amount of charge.

Furthermore, according to the face information display system 4 according to the embodiment, the control device 7 can obtain the area including the first face 1e that is the exposed surface of the ground of the face 1 with the digital camera DC. Acquired captured image data. The control device 7 generates face information image data including display information indicating the ground condition of the first face 1e based on the acquired captured image data of the area including the first face 1e. The projector 5 projects a face information image 50, which is an image indicated by face information image data generated by the control device 7, onto the second face 1c, which is the concrete surface after the concrete is mirror-sprayed on the first face 1e. To do.
If it is this structure, the effect equivalent to the said face information display method will be acquired.

Furthermore, according to the tunnel construction method according to the embodiment, after projecting the face information image 50 onto the second face surface 1c by the face information display method, the number of charge holes, the number of charge holes, and the number of charge holes based on the face information image 50 projected. Determine the hole position and charge amount. Next, the display information of the determined charge hole position is added to the face information image data to generate face information update image data, and the face information indicated by the generated face information update image data is generated on the second face 1c. An updated image 51 is projected. Thereafter, the charge hole 2 is drilled at the determined charge hole position in the face 1 after mirror blowing, and the determined amount of explosive is loaded into each drilled charge hole 2. Then, the loaded explosive is detonated for excavation.
As a result, the same effect as the face information display method can be obtained.

(Modification)
In the above embodiment, the projector 5 is installed in the mobile lighting device 10 and the projector 5 is moved by the moving means of the mobile lighting device 10. However, the present invention is not limited to this configuration. For example, as shown in FIG. 9, a projector is installed on a drill jumbo 100 (lower part of the cage 105 in the example of FIG. 9), and a face information image is projected from the projector 5 installed on the drill jumbo 100. The projector 5 may be moved by the moving means. Moreover, it is good also as a structure which moves using not only a drill jumbo but another heavy machine, and it is good also as a structure which moves using other moving means, such as not only a heavy machine but a dedicated moving means.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, although it was set as the structure which projects the real image of the 1st face 1e, it is not restricted to this structure. For example, based on the captured image data of the first face 1e, as shown by a dotted line in FIG. 10, an image in which the distribution of each component constituting the first face 1e is understood (hereinafter referred to as “distribution line image”). Is written). That is, an image composed of the outline of the first facet 1e and a dividing line (dotted line in FIG. 10) that divides each distribution area is generated. This distribution line image is an image having a distribution similar to the distribution (positional relationship) of each component of the first face face 1e. And the character image 52E which shows the name, property, etc. of each component, and the marking image 52M for clearly showing a spring location and a crush zone are added to this distribution line image, and the 2nd face information image 52 is added. It is good also as a structure which produces | generates and the produced | generated 2nd face information image 52 is projected. In the example of FIG. 10, marking is performed by highlighting the dividing line. In addition, it is good also as a structure which colors each distribution area enclosed with the division line with the color (for example, color according to a ground condition etc.) set beforehand, and can understand the ground condition of each distribution area with a color. For example, if it is a dangerous place, it may be displayed in red or blinking.

  Further, in the above-described embodiment, an actual captured image of the first face 1e having the actual size is projected on the second face 1c in consideration of the actual positional relationship of each component using the projection mapping technique. However, the present invention is not limited to this configuration. For example, as shown in FIG. 11, a rectangular screen including an image equivalent to the face information image 50 displayed on the display device 9 is used as the third face information image 53 using the second face 1c as a screen. As another configuration, such as projecting as it is.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, although it was set as the structure which directly drills with respect to the display position based on the charge hole position image 2c in the face information update image 51 displayed on the 2nd face face 1c, The configuration is not limited to this. For example, it is good also as a structure which performs marking operation | work, seeing this image by using the projected charge hole position image 2c as auxiliary information. Thereby, it is possible to reduce the labor of the marking work.

  In the above embodiment, first, the face information image 50 is displayed, and then the face information update image 51 in which construction information such as the charge hole position is added to the face information image 50 is displayed as the second face 1c. However, the present invention is not limited to this configuration. For example, displaying an image including only construction information, displaying only arbitrarily selected construction information such as an image of only the charge hole position, and displaying information, face information image 50, face information update image 51, It is good also as other display structures, such as switching display arbitrarily.

  In the above-described embodiment, a configuration in which a three-chip DLP projector is employed as the projector 5 has been described as an example. However, the configuration is not limited thereto. As long as the system can withstand use as projection mapping, for example, a projector of another system such as a liquid crystal projector or a reflective liquid crystal projector may be adopted.

  In the above embodiment, the face information image is projected using one projector. However, the present invention is not limited to this structure, and the face information image may be projected using two or more projectors.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, although it was set as the structure which transmits / receives data between the projector 5, the laser distance meter 6, and the control apparatus 7 via the electric cable 19, it is not restricted to this structure, It uses wireless communication. It is good also as a structure which transmits / receives data.

  In the above embodiment, the region including the first facet 1e is photographed by dividing it into a plurality of divided photographed images, and the plurality of divided photographed image data obtained by the photographing is panorama synthesized to obtain the first An image including the entire face surface 1e is generated. Not limited to this configuration, a configuration may be adopted in which one captured image including the entire first face 1e is taken according to the scale of the face.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, although it was set as the structure which image | photographs the 1st face face 1e with the handheld digital camera DC, it is not restricted to this structure. For example, another configuration may be employed in which a digital camera attached to a heavy machine is remotely operated for shooting or a digital camera attached to the mobile lighting device 10 is remotely operated for shooting.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, based on the information of the distance D between the projector 5 and the 2nd facet 1c displayed on the display apparatus 9, the movable illumination apparatus 10 is moved by remote control, and the projector 5 is projected. However, the present invention is not limited to this configuration. For example, a display unit may be provided on the remote controller 18 and information on the distance D may be displayed on the display unit of the remote controller 18. Accordingly, it is possible to perform remote operation from a relatively free position without being limited to the installation position of the display device 9, and it is possible to improve the efficiency of moving work. The face information image data may be modified based on the information on the distance D measured by the laser distance meter 6 so that appropriate projection can be performed with respect to the current distance D. Thereby, the operator of the remote controller 18 only needs to move the projector 5 to a rough position, and the efficiency of the moving work can be further improved.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, although it was set as the structure which performs clearly the location which should be especially noted, such as a dangerous location and a spring location, by the marking image 50M, it is not restricted to this configuration. For example, the marking may be performed directly on the second face 1c by spraying or the like.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, although it was set as the structure which displays the image | photographed image of a real photograph, the rock grade, and the rock quality as information which shows a natural ground condition, it is not restricted to this structure. For example, it is good also as a structure which displays other information, such as a driving | running | working and the information of inclination. In addition, when taking over between the day part and the night part, for example, it may be configured to display a comment or the like that the successor wants to convey, such as many cracks or brittleness.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, it was set as the structure which displays the alphabet which shows the evaluation criteria generally used for evaluation of rock mass, such as a dam and a tunnel, as display information which shows a rock grade and a rock quality, but it is not restricted to this structure. . For example, if the rock is soft and soft, character information explaining the properties of the rock may be displayed, such as displaying character information such as extremely hard, hard, medium-hard, slightly soft to hard, soft, and extremely soft.

  In the above embodiment, the present invention has been described by taking as an example the case where the present invention is applied to the construction of a mountain tunnel. However, the present invention is not limited to a mountain tunnel, and for example, if it is a tunnel to which NATM can be applied, an underground tunnel in an urban area The present invention may be applied to other tunnels such as (for example, a tunnel for a subway).

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, although it was set as the structure which digs up a tunnel by excavation by blasting, it is good also as a structure advanced not only by this structure but by the machine for excavation. In this case, the first face is photographed, face information image data is generated, and the face information image is projected onto the second face for every predetermined distance to be dug at once. Then, construction information such as excavation procedures for the next construction cycle is determined based on the face information image projected on the second face.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Face 1e 1st face 1c 2nd face 2 Charge hole 2c Charge hole position image 3 Tunnel 4 Face information display system 5 Projector 6 Laser rangefinder 7 Control device 8 Surveying device 9 Display device 10 Mobile illumination Device 12 Front illumination lamp 13 Rear illumination lamp 14 Electric trolley 17 Wireless communication device 18 Remote control 19 Electric cable 50 Face information image 50E, 52E Text image 50M, 52M Marking image 51 Face information update image 52 Second face information image 53 Third Face information image

Claims (9)

A face photographing process for photographing an area including the first face that is the exposed face of the ground face of the tunnel face with a digital camera;
Face information for generating face information image data including at least display information indicating the ground condition of the tunnel face based on the image data of the area including the first face obtained by photographing with the digital camera. An image data generation process;
A mirror blowing step of mirror blowing concrete onto the first face surface;
A face information image projecting step for projecting a face information image, which is an image indicated by the face information image data, onto a second face that is the concrete surface after the mirror blowing. Method.   2. The face information display method according to claim 1, wherein the display information indicating the ground condition includes a face image that is a live-action image of the portion of the first face in the photographed image indicated by the photographed image data.   3. The face information according to claim 2, wherein in the face information image projecting step, the face surface image of the face information image is projected on the second face with an actual size of the first face. Display method.   The display information indicating the ground condition includes a face surface processed image obtained by processing a live-action image of the portion of the first face surface in the captured image indicated by the captured image data based on a feature amount related to the ground state. The face information display method according to claim 1. Based on the face information image projected on the second face face, a construction information determination step for determining construction information related to tunnel construction;
A face information update image data generation step for generating face information update image data by adding display information related to the construction information determined in the construction information determination step to the face information image data,
5. A face information update image projecting step of projecting a face information update image, which is an image indicated by the face information update image data, on the second face surface, according to claim 1. Face information display method.   The face information display method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the face information image includes auxiliary information that clearly indicates a display location of display information to be geologically noted with characters, figures, symbols, or the like. A photographic image data acquisition unit that acquires photographic image data obtained by photographing a region including the first face that is the exposed face of the ground face of the tunnel face with a digital camera;
A face that generates face information image data including display information indicating at least the ground condition of the first face based on the photographed image data of the area including the first face obtained by the photographed image data acquisition unit. An information image data generation unit;
A face information image, which is an image indicated by the face information image data generated by the face information image data generation unit, is applied to a second face that is the surface of the concrete after mirror-spraying concrete onto the first face. A face information display system, comprising: a face information image projection unit for projecting. A face photographing process for photographing an area including the first face that is an exposed face of the tunnel face with a digital camera;
Face information for generating face information image data including at least display information indicating the ground condition of the tunnel face based on the image data of the area including the first face obtained by photographing with the digital camera. An image data generation process;
A mirror blowing step of mirror blowing concrete onto the first face surface;
A face information image projecting step for projecting a face information image, which is an image indicated by the face information image data, on a second face that is the surface of the concrete after the mirror is blown,
A charge information determination step for determining the number of charge holes, the position of the charge holes and the amount of charge based on the face information image projected on the second face surface,
Drilling step of drilling a charge hole at the charge hole position determined in the charge information determination step in the tunnel face after the mirror blowing,
A loading step of loading the amount of explosive determined in the charge information determination step into each of the holed holes;
A tunnel construction method comprising: an excavation step of excavating the explosive loaded. A face information update image data generation step for generating face information update image data by adding display information of the charge hole position determined in the charge information determination step to the face information image data,
The tunnel construction method according to claim 8, further comprising a face information update image projecting step of projecting a face information update image that is an image indicated by the face information update image data on the second face surface.

Images