CN106780284B - Tunnel wall surrounding rock integrity information acquisition device and evaluation method - Google Patents
Tunnel wall surrounding rock integrity information acquisition device and evaluation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a tunnel cave wall surrounding rock integrity information acquisition device and an evaluation method, wherein the acquisition device comprises an installation steel frame arranged on tunnel excavation equipment, the installation steel frame is positioned in the middle of an exposed rock wall in front of a tunnel supporting structure, an industrial camera and a lighting lamp are arranged on the installation steel frame, the industrial camera is connected with an upper computer, an image acquisition system is arranged on the upper computer, and the upper computer is connected with a local server in a Windows sharing mode; the local server is provided with a file transmission unit, and is connected with a data center client through a network, and the data center client is connected with a personal computer. The invention can solve the problem of difficult acquisition of the existing rock mass integrity information, acquires and transmits the images of the tunnel rock wall to the data center by utilizing the image acquisition and image transmission system, realizes the capability of intelligently evaluating the rock mass integrity characteristics by a computer, and provides guidance for intelligent construction of tunnel machinery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel rock mass engineering, in particular to a tunnel wall surrounding rock integrity information acquisition device and an evaluation method.
Background
The tunnel surrounding rock integrality refers to the development degree of various geological interfaces mainly comprising cracks in a rock body, is the comprehensive reflection of the rock body structure, depends on factors such as the cutting degree of a structural surface, the size of the structural body, the structure state among blocks and the like, and is a generalized index adopted in rock mass engineering. Currently, the indexes describing the integrity of the surrounding rock of the tunnel mainly comprise a structural surface statistical method, a core drilling method and an elastic wave testing method. The structural surface statistical method is based on the on-site measurement information and is used for directly measuring the structural surface on a piece-by-piece basis, the joint width, the number, the occurrence and the like in the rock mass in a unit volume are artificially counted in a geological sketch mode, the influence of artificial subjective experience factors is large, the difference between results obtained by different operators is large, the experience of the operators is required to be rich, the workload is large, and the implementation is difficult. The core drilling method is to drill in rock by using a diamond drill bit with the diameter of 75mm and a double-layer core tube, continuously core, and obtain a rock mass quality index RQD by the ratio of the sum of the lengths of core segments with the lengths of more than 10cm in the core obtained by secondary drilling and the secondary footage, thereby evaluating the rock mass integrity. The rock core drilling method has high requirements on rock production rate, rock core abrasion and mechanical crushing degree, and has extremely high interference on evaluation results due to drill bit, drilling tool, process and other reasons, and the rock mass integrity evaluation is limited by dividing the rock core drilling method into two stages by taking 10cm as a demarcation point. The elastic wave test method is a method for researching the integrity of a rock mass by utilizing the wave velocity change difference of the rock mass and the rock, and is the ratio of the wave velocity of the rock mass longitudinal wave to the wave velocity of the rock longitudinal wave. The elastic wave test method needs to drill two groups of parallel holes on the rock wall, utilizes the acoustic emission technology to obtain characteristics such as acoustic frequency and the like to judge the integrity of the rock mass, is not applicable to the rock mass with more soluble minerals, is greatly influenced by factors such as rock density, structural face fillers, water content and the like, has great construction noise of field mechanical equipment and instruments on the acoustic interference, is complicated in later data processing, has high empirical requirements on joint face identification, is complex to operate, needs certain instruments and equipment, and has great manpower and material resource consumption.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems of large workload, low reliability, higher field requirement and the like of the prior method for describing the integrity of the surrounding rock of the tunnel, the invention provides the device for acquiring the integrity information of the surrounding rock of the tunnel wall and the evaluation method, which are portable in equipment, high in test speed, simple and quick in evaluation method, capable of comprehensively reflecting the integrity characteristics of rock mass, and capable of overcoming the problems that the prior method for describing the integrity of the surrounding rock of the tunnel wall needs drilling holes in a tunnel environment, long in detection period, high in labor intensity of workers and the like, and is suitable for the rock tunnel of the I-IV type surrounding rock with certain strength stability.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the tunnel wall surrounding rock integrity information acquisition device comprises an installation steel frame arranged on tunnel excavation equipment, wherein the installation steel frame is positioned in the middle of an exposed rock wall in front of a tunnel supporting structure, an industrial camera and an illuminating lamp are arranged on the installation steel frame, the industrial camera is connected with an upper computer, an image acquisition system is arranged on the upper computer, and the upper computer is connected with a local server in a Windows sharing mode; the local server is provided with a file transmission unit, the data center client is provided with a file read-write unit, the local server is connected with the data center client through a network, and the data center client is connected with the personal computer; the upper computer is arranged behind excavation equipment in the tunnel of the construction site, the local server is positioned in a ground project office of the construction site, the data center client is positioned in a unit machine room, and the personal computer is positioned at any working place.
The industrial camera is fixed with the base below, and the outside of industrial camera is equipped with the protection casing, and the protection casing passes through first bolt fastening on the base, and industrial camera is installed on the steelframe together with the protection casing.
The protective cover is a hollow semi-cylindrical steel member formed by welding 2-3 mm thick steel plate materials, bolt holes are formed in four corners of the base, the first bolts penetrate through the bolt holes to fix the industrial camera in the protective cover, and the protective cover is fixed on the installation steel frame through the second bolts.
The illuminating lamp is arranged on the installation steel frame near the industrial camera, and the illuminating lamp is arranged at the middle part behind the industrial camera and used for guaranteeing the light brightness of the tunnel wall.
The image information acquisition system comprises an image photographing module, an image positioning module, an image storage module and an image transmission module.
The personal computer is provided with an image processing analysis system, and the image processing analysis system comprises an image input module, an image preprocessing module, an image analysis module, a statistical result output module and a help support module.
The method for evaluating the integrity of the surrounding rock of the tunnel wall comprises the following steps:
step one: setting an image information acquisition system installed on an upper computer, wherein the image information acquisition system comprises an automatic photographing time interval of an industrial camera and an automatic image storage position of a photo, and adjusting the angle of an illuminating lamp to ensure that the wall of a hole in a photographing range has enough brightness;
step two: an industrial camera of the information acquisition device is used for acquiring images of the peripheral wall surface of the hole, and the acquired images of the hole wall are stored in an image storage position of the upper computer;
step three: the local server on the construction site automatically reads and stores the image files stored by the upper computer in a Windows sharing mode;
step four: the data center client automatically sends an instruction to a local server of a construction site, and the local server of the construction site automatically transmits an image file of the wall surface of the hole to the data center client through network transmission;
step five: an image processing analysis system is installed on a personal computer of each worker at any working place, firstly, a hole wall image file of a data center client is checked, called and downloaded in an account number and password mode, the hole wall image file to be analyzed is opened in the image processing analysis system, the workers use the image processing system to identify information such as joint quantity, width, trend, spacing and the like of the image, and the rock volume conditioning number Jv, rock integrity Kv and joint and hole axis included angle alpha of the hole wall are obtained through discriminant analysis, so that the integrity evaluation of the surrounding rock of the hole wall is realized.
The number n of the industrial cameras mounted on the tunnel excavation mechanical equipment is determined according to the tunnel diameter D and the wide angle alpha range of the wide angle lens of the industrial cameras:
wherein L is the distance between the camera and the shooting hole wall; the automatic photographing time interval t of the industrial camera is determined according to the tunnel excavation speed v and the set photographing interval distance X: />
An image input module in the image processing analysis system opens a rock wall picture file to be analyzed,the image preprocessing module is used for carrying out contrast stretching, brightness adjustment, smoothing treatment and edge enhancement on the photo, the image analysis module is used for carrying out rock positioning segmentation, joint edge detection, joint width and trend, interval measurement and joint quantity statistics, and the statistical result output module is used for outputting analysis images and joint quantity, joint width, joint trend and interval list according to a calculation formula of a rock volume regulation number Jv embedded in the image analysis module: j (J) v ＝∑(1/d i )+S k 5, wherein d i For the interval of the ith group of joints, S k Obtaining a rock volume pitch Jv value of the cavity wall for the number of non-grouped pitch bars of each cubic rock; and obtaining the integrity Kv of the rock mass and the integrity evaluation of the surrounding rock of the wall of the hole by discriminant analysis of the number of the joint groups and the joint distance and the Jv discriminant standard of the volume of the rock mass.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention can solve the problem of difficult acquisition of the prior rock integrity information, acquires and transmits the images of the rock walls of the tunnel to the data center by utilizing the image acquisition and image transmission system, a user is not limited by a working place, the images of the data center can be acquired only by an account number and password mode, the data statistics analysis is carried out on the information such as the width, the interval and the number of joint surfaces by utilizing the image processing analysis system, and the surrounding rock integrity is evaluated, so that the data center stores a large amount of rock wall integrity evaluation information to form a database, thereby realizing the capability of intelligently evaluating the rock integrity characteristics of the computer and providing guidance for the mechanical intelligent construction of the tunnel.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a left side view of fig. 1 in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a camera and a protective cover according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a left side view of fig. 3 in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the image transmission according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a functional block diagram of the image acquisition system of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a functional block diagram of an image processing analysis system according to the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a flow chart of the evaluation method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a tunnel portal wall surrounding rock integrality information acquisition device, including setting up the installation steelframe 1 on tunnel excavation equipment, the installation steelframe 1 is located the middle part of the naked rock wall 5 in tunnel supporting construction 6 the place ahead, be equipped with industry camera 2 and light 3 on the installation steelframe 1. The illuminating lamp 3 is arranged on the installation steel frame 1 near the industrial camera 2, and the illuminating lamp 3 is arranged in the middle of the rear of the industrial camera 2 and used for guaranteeing the light brightness of the tunnel wall. The LED illuminating lamp 3 is used as illuminating equipment to solve the problem that the image of the rock wall is unclear and the joints are not easy to identify due to dim light in the tunnel hole, so that the light brightness of the tunnel wall is ensured, and a photo is taken clearly. The industrial camera 2 is connected with the upper computer 4, the upper computer 4 is provided with an image acquisition system 10, and the upper computer 4 is connected with the local server 7 in a Windows sharing mode; the local server 7 is provided with a file transmission unit, the data center client 8 is provided with a file read-write unit, the local server 7 is connected with the data center client 8 through a network, and the data center client 8 is connected with the personal computer 9. The upper computer 4 is arranged behind excavation equipment in a tunnel of a construction site, the local server 7 is positioned in a ground project office of the construction site, the data center client 8 is positioned in a unit machine room, and the personal computer 9 is positioned at any work place.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, a base 12 is fixed below the industrial camera 2, a protective cover 13 is arranged outside the industrial camera 2, the protective cover 13 is fixed on the base 12 through a first bolt 14, and the industrial camera 2 and the protective cover 13 are mounted on the steel frame 1. The protective cover 13 is a hollow semi-cylindrical steel member formed by welding 2-3 mm thick steel plate materials, bolt holes are formed in four corners of the base 12, the industrial camera 2 is fixed in the protective cover 13 through the first bolts 14 passing through the bolt holes, and the protective cover 13 is fixed on the installation steel frame 1 through the second bolts 15.
The invention is to install the industrial camera 2 on tunnel excavation equipment, such as a hard rock tunnel boring machine, a rock drilling trolley, an excavator and the like, after the tunnel is excavated, the rock wall of the tunnel is exposed, and the rock wall 5 is not in front of the tunnel supporting structure 6. As shown in fig. 5, the industrial camera 2 is used to automatically photograph the rock wall 5 of the tunnel in all directions, the photo is automatically uploaded to the image acquisition system 10 of the upper computer for storage, the upper computer 4 shares the image file to the local server 7 and then transmits the image file to the data center client 8 through the network, the user logs in the data center client 8 from the personal computer 9 to check the downloaded image file, the image processing analysis system 11 is installed on the personal computer 9, and the downloaded photo is processed and analyzed by the image processing analysis system 11, so that the corresponding surrounding rock integrity information is obtained, and a certain index is provided for tunnel construction.
The industrial camera 2 has certain dustproof and shockproof capabilities, and the pixel and wide-angle range of the lens of the industrial camera are selected according to the diameter of a tunnel, so that the definition of a photo is ensured, and at least the joint of a crack which is not less than 20mm on the wall of the tunnel can be clearly reflected. The industrial camera 2 is mounted on a tunnel excavation mechanical device, and the number n of the industrial cameras is determined according to the tunnel diameter D and the wide angle alpha range of the wide angle lens of the industrial camera 2:
l is the distance between the camera and the shooting hole wall, and the omnibearing information acquisition of the hole wall is ensured. The industrial camera 2 can be set as a self-containedAnd (3) taking a photo dynamically, wherein a photographing time interval t is determined according to the tunnel excavation speed v and a set photographing interval distance X: />
The user can set the spacing distance X (such as 2 m) of the hole wall photo collecting position according to the actual engineering requirement.
The image acquisition system 10 is a set of multiple industrial camera configuration co-working and automatic image photographing and saving system which is composed of a C# development language and is installed on the upper computer 4 by fully utilizing the characteristics of industrial camera driving and Windows. The image acquisition system 10 includes an image photographing module, an image positioning module, an image storage module, and an image transmission module, as shown in fig. 6, may provide the following functions and interfaces:
(1) The exposure time, exposure compensation, sensitivity and brightness gain of each industrial camera can be adjusted in the exposure function in the image photographing module, the compression rate, definition and color of the photographed pictures of each camera are set in the image adjusting function, and the automatic photographing time interval of each camera is set in the triggering function.
(2) The image positioning module is provided with a GPS positioning interface which can acquire image position information. The upper computer 4 is provided with a GPS positioning module, the starting mileage and the ending mileage of the tunnel can be set, the current mileage position can be obtained, the position information is linked to the image positioning module, and the mileage is displayed in the lower right corner of the photo in a digital form.
(3) The storage position, the image format and the storage form of automatic storage of the photographed pictures are set in the image storage module, and all pictures of the same mileage position are stored in a folder named by the number of the corresponding mileage position and compressed, such as K69620.Rar.
(4) Windows sharing is arranged in the image transmission module, the image transmission module is connected with a local server of a construction site, a network monitoring function is arranged, and the network disconnection is automatically reconnected.
The image acquisition system 10 can realize automatic photographing of a camera, save images in folders of the upper computer 4 at the construction site, synchronously transmit image files of the upper computer 4 to the local server 7 at the construction site in a Windows sharing mode and automatically store the image files, and finally transmit the photos to the data center client 8 from the local server 7 at the construction site through network transmission, as shown in FIG. 5. At the work site, a file read-write unit for completing the read-write command is installed in the data center client 8, an instruction for extracting a photo is sent to the local server 7 at the construction site at a specific time point (for example, 1:00 in the early morning) every day, a file transmission unit is installed in the local server 7, after receiving the instruction, the file transmission unit transmits an image file to the data center client 8 through a network, and the file read-write unit of the data center client 8 receives and stores the image file. The image files on the local server 7 can be directly checked and called by the job site personnel, and the picture files can be checked and called by other related personnel from the data center client 8, so that convenience and rapidness are realized.
The image processing analysis system 11 is a system module created by MATLAB, and is used for processing and analyzing images. As shown in fig. 7, the image processing analysis system module includes: the system comprises an image input module, an image preprocessing module, an image analysis module, a statistical result output module and a help support module. The building of these modules mainly uses component layout tools in MATLAB, including: adding and arranging objects in the graphical window by using a component layout editor; viewing and setting attribute values of the controls, such as styles, fonts, background colors and the like of the button controls by using an attribute editor; using an arrangement tool to arrange the relative order of the user objects on the graphical interface; checking the hierarchical structure of each graphic object handle in the current operation by using an object browser; a graphical window menu is created and edited using a menu editor. The image input module can recognize color images in the formats of. Jpg, & ltmp, & gtgif, & lttif, & ltng, and the like. The image preprocessing module comprises the processes of deducing the resolution of an image, converting the image and enhancing the smooth noise reduction of the image. The image analysis module comprises image edge detection, image gradient calculation and adjustment and image segmentation. The statistical result output module comprises images, a report of image joint statistics and a result of surrounding rock integrity evaluation. The help support module introduces its computational analysis principles and instructions for use.
Work ofPersonnel can log in and access the data center client 8 through the personal computer 9 in an account number and password mode, and view the downloaded image file. The image input module in the image processing analysis system 11 opens the rock wall photo file to be analyzed, the image preprocessing module firstly converts the color image into a gray level image, and then the contrast stretching, brightness adjustment, smooth noise removal, edge enhancement and the like are carried out on the photo, so that the image quality is improved, and the image joint is clearer and is easy to identify. Rock positioning segmentation, joint edge detection, joint width and trend and interval measurement and joint quantity statistics are carried out in an image analysis module, a rock image is segmented by adopting a threshold processing method, the threshold processing is to divide a gray level image into two or more gray level intervals with equal intervals or unequal intervals, a proper threshold value is selected by utilizing the difference between a target object to be extracted in the image and a background on the gray level image, and whether each pixel point in the image belongs to a target area or a background area is determined by judging whether the characteristic attribute phase of each pixel point in the image meets the requirement of the threshold value, so that a binary image is generated. Extracting the joint edges after pretreatment by adopting a Canny operator, and firstly, solving partial derivatives delta of the image gray scale along two directions by utilizing a differential operator x f、Δ y f, and the magnitude |Deltaf| of the gradient and the direction θ of the gradient are obtained,
then comparing the pixel value of each direction with the adjacent pixels, if the gray value of a certain pixel is smaller than the front and rear pixel values of the gradient direction, setting the pixel value to 0, namely the point is not an edge point, and otherwise the point is an edge point. After rock segmentation and joint edge detection are completed, the joint image width d is calculated through Hough transformation measurement p And pitch image tilt angle beta p Pitch image spacing S p Width of the wall joint
Where h is the image height dimension, holeWall joint inclination angle β=β p Pitch of hole wall
Dividing the joints with the same pitch distance S and pitch angle beta into a group and counting the number n of the group of joints i ，n i Represents the number of the ith group of joints, n i The node of =1 is non-grouped node, and the number S of non-grouped node bars is automatically photographed k Equal to n i Sum of number of 1 joint. Outputting analysis images and joint quantity, width, trend and distance list in a statistical result output module, and according to a calculation formula of a rock volume management number Jv embedded in the module: j (J) v ＝Σ(1/d i )+S k 5, wherein d i For the interval of the ith group of joints, S k And obtaining a rock volume rational number Jv value of the cavity wall for the number of non-grouped joint bars of each cubic rock. The integrity evaluation of the rock integrity Kv and the wall surrounding rock can be obtained by software discriminant analysis of the number of joint groups and the distance or the rock volume conditioning number Jv discriminant criteria as shown in table 1. />
TABLE 1 rock integrity index
The method for evaluating the integrity of the surrounding rock of the tunnel wall is shown in fig. 8, and comprises the following steps:
step one: the image information acquisition system 10 installed on the upper computer 4 is set, and comprises an automatic photographing time interval of the industrial camera 2 and an automatic image storage position of a photo, and the angle of the illuminating lamp 3 is adjusted, so that the wall of the hole in the photographing range has enough brightness.
Step two: the industrial camera 2 of the information acquisition device is used for acquiring images of the peripheral wall surface of the hole, and the acquired images of the hole wall are stored in an image storage position of the upper computer 4.
Step three: the local server 7 at the construction site automatically reads and stores the image file stored by the upper computer 4 in a Windows sharing manner.
Step four: the data center client 8 automatically sends out an instruction to the local server 7 of the construction site, and the local server 7 of the construction site automatically transmits the image file of the wall surface of the hole to the data center client 8 through network transmission.
Step five: an image processing analysis system 11 is installed on a personal computer 9 of each worker at any working place, firstly, hole wall image files of a data center client 8 are checked, called and downloaded in an account number and password mode, hole wall image files needing to be analyzed are opened in the image processing analysis system 11, the workers use the image processing system 11 to identify information such as joint number, width, trend, interval and the like of the images, and the rock volume management number Jv, rock integrity Kv and joint and hole axis included angle alpha of the hole wall are obtained through discriminant analysis, so that the evaluation of the hole wall surrounding rock integrity is realized.
In order to solve the problems of large working amount, incomplete information and the like of the image acquisition of the tunnel wall, the labor intensity of workers is reduced, the working environment is improved, the tunnel wall 5 is photographed by utilizing an industrial camera 2 arranged on tunneling equipment, the photographs are saved to a data center client 8 through a network transmission technology, the recognition analysis of joints is carried out by utilizing an image processing analysis technology, and the integrity evaluation of the tunnel wall is realized. The method comprises the steps that an image acquisition system 10 is installed on an upper computer 4 of tunnel excavation equipment, automatic shooting, transmission and storage functions of photos are set, an industrial camera 2 shoots tunnel wall 5 in an all-round and automatic mode according to set time intervals, the images are automatically transmitted to the upper computer 4, a local server 7 of a construction site and the upper computer 4 store image files in real time in a Windows sharing mode, the image files are transmitted to a data center client 8, and finally all tunnel wall image files are stored in the data center client 8. Therefore, any staff can check the amount of money from the data center 8 through the account number and password mode without being limited by the working place, and download the image file of the tunnel wall of the construction site. An image processing analysis system 11 is installed on a personal computer 9 of a user, an image file is opened in image recognition processing system software, and the image recognition processing system carries out recognition analysis on the image file, wherein the result comprises the number, width, trend, spacing of joints and rock mass integrity evaluation results (the rock mass volume adjustment number Jv, the rock mass integrity Kv and the included angle alpha between the joints and a hole axis).
The invention can solve the problem of difficult acquisition of the existing rock integrity information, and utilizes the image processing analysis system to carry out data statistics analysis on the information such as the joint surface width, the distance, the number and the like to form a database, thereby realizing the capability of computer intelligent evaluation of the rock integrity characteristics and providing guidance for tunnel mechanical intelligent construction.
Specific examples: and (3) a tunnel is excavated with a diameter of about 8.5m, a hard rock tunnel boring machine TBM is used for construction, a tunnel wall within a range of 120 DEG at the top of the tunnel is photographed, 2 industrial cameras are installed on an installation steel frame in front of a TBM main control room of the hard rock tunnel boring machine, a protective cover is fixed and installed to prevent rock or other construction equipment from damaging the industrial cameras, and the installation steel frame is positioned at a position where the concrete wet spraying machine does not perform guniting support on the tunnel wall after the TBM is excavated forwards. The tunnel excavation diameter is about 8.5m, 2 industrial cameras are utilized for shooting, and a camera storage and transmission system is installed on an upper computer of a TBM main control room and comprises a network interface, a lamplight lighting device, a time interval for setting cameras, an automatic storage position of photos and the like. The photographing interval time is set according to the TBM advancing speed and the camera photographing range, the TBM normal advancing speed is 50mm/min, the industrial camera automatically photographs the tunnel wall 1 time every 0.5 hour, and the photographs are automatically uploaded to the storage position of the host computer of the main control room according to the preset. 2 local servers are installed in a ground office of a construction site and are connected with a TBM master control room upper computer through a network to realize photo transmission and storage. 4 servers are installed in a headquarter computer room of a company to serve as data center clients, photo transmission instructions are sent to a local server of a construction site every 0.5 day, when surrounding rock conditions are broken or inconsistent with land investigation data, time intervals between photographing and photo transmission can be encrypted, and the time intervals are transmitted to the data center clients through a metropolitan area network by the local server. The photographs are identified and analyzed by an image processing system, and along with the continuous forward advancement of TBM, the joint condition of the tunnel along the tunnel wall can be obtained.
The device can also be arranged on other tunnel excavation equipment (such as a rock drilling trolley and a tunnel excavator), and can perform surrounding rock integrity evaluation on the rock mass at the tunnel position according to the method as long as the camera is ensured to be capable of shooting the exposed rock mass surface.
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily understood by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a tunnel portal wall surrounding rock integrality information acquisition device, includes installation steelframe (1) of setting on tunnel excavation equipment, and installation steelframe (1) are located the middle part of the place ahead naked rock wall (5) of tunnel supporting construction (6), its characterized in that: the industrial camera (2) and the illuminating lamp (3) are arranged on the mounting steel frame (1), the industrial camera (2) is connected with the upper computer (4), the upper computer (4) is provided with the image acquisition system (10), and the upper computer (4) is connected with the local server (7) in a Windows sharing mode; the local server (7) is provided with a file transmission unit, the data center client (8) is provided with a file read-write unit, the local server (7) is connected with the data center client (8) through a network, and the data center client (8) is connected with the personal computer (9); the upper computer (4) is arranged behind excavation equipment in a tunnel of a construction site, the local server (7) is positioned in a ground project office of the construction site, the data center client (8) is positioned in a unit machine room, and the personal computer (9) is positioned at any working place;
the personal computer (9) is provided with an image processing analysis system (11), and the image processing analysis system (11) comprises an image input module, an image preprocessing module, an image analysis module, a statistical result output module and a help support module;
rock positioning segmentation, joint edge detection, joint width, trend and interval amount are carried out in the image analysis moduleThe method for measuring the number of joints is as follows: the image analysis module divides the gray level image processed by the image preprocessing module by adopting a threshold processing method, divides the gray level image into two or more equidistant or unequal interval gray level intervals, selects a threshold value by utilizing the difference between a target object to be extracted in the image and a background on the gray level image, and determines whether each pixel point in the image belongs to a target area or a background area by judging whether the characteristic attribute phase of the pixel point in the image meets the requirement of the threshold value, thereby generating a binary image; extracting the joint edges after pretreatment by adopting a Canny operator: partial derivative delta of image gray scale along two directions by utilizing differential operator x f、Δ y f, and the magnitude |Deltaf| of the gradient and the direction θ of the gradient are obtained,
comparing the pixel value of each direction with the adjacent pixels, if the gray value of a certain pixel is smaller than the front and rear pixel values of the gradient direction, setting the pixel value to 0, namely the point is not an edge point, otherwise the point is an edge point; after rock segmentation and joint edge detection are completed, the joint image width d is calculated through Hough transformation measurement p Pitch angle beta of joint image p Pitch image spacing S p The wall joint width->
Wherein h is the height dimension of the image, and the pitch angle beta=beta of the wall joint p The pitch of the cavity wall is +.>
Dividing the joints with the same pitch distance S and pitch angle beta into a group and counting the number n of the group of joints i ，n i Represents the number of the ith group of joints, n i The node of =1 is non-grouped node, and the number S of non-grouped node bars is automatically photographed k Equal to n i Sum of number of 1 joint.
2. The tunnel portal wall surrounding rock integrity information acquisition device according to claim 1, wherein a base (12) is fixed below the industrial camera (2), a protective cover (13) is arranged outside the industrial camera (2), the protective cover (13) is fixed on the base (12) through a first bolt (14), and the industrial camera (2) and the protective cover (13) are installed on the installation steel frame (1).
3. The tunnel portal wall surrounding rock integrity information acquisition device according to claim 2, wherein the protective cover (13) is a hollow semi-cylindrical steel member formed by welding 2-3 mm thick steel plate materials, bolt holes are formed in four corners of the base (12), the first bolts (14) penetrate through the bolt holes to fix the industrial camera (2) in the protective cover (13), and the protective cover (13) is fixed on the installation steel frame (1) through the second bolts (15).
4. The tunnel portal wall surrounding rock integrity information acquisition device according to claim 1, wherein the illuminating lamp (3) is installed on an installation steel frame (1) near the industrial camera (2), and the illuminating lamp (3) is arranged in the middle of the rear of the industrial camera (2) to ensure the brightness of light rays of the tunnel portal wall.
5. The tunnel portal wall surrounding rock integrity information acquisition device according to claim 1, wherein the image acquisition system (10) comprises an image photographing module, an image positioning module, an image storage module and an image transmission module.
6. The tunnel portal wall surrounding rock integrity information acquisition device according to claim 5, wherein the method for evaluating the tunnel portal wall surrounding rock integrity comprises the following steps:
step one: setting an image acquisition system (10) installed on an upper computer (4), wherein the image acquisition system comprises an automatic photographing time interval of an industrial camera (2) and an automatic image storage position of a photo, and adjusting the angle of an illuminating lamp (3) to ensure that the brightness of the wall of a hole in a photographing range meets the requirement;
step two: an industrial camera (2) of the information acquisition device is used for acquiring images of the peripheral wall surface of the hole, and the acquired images of the hole wall are stored in an image storage position of an upper computer (4);
step three: the local server (7) at the construction site automatically reads and stores the image files stored by the upper computer (4) in a Windows sharing mode;
step four: the data center client (8) automatically sends an instruction to the local server (7) of the construction site, and the local server (7) of the construction site automatically transmits the image file of the hole peripheral wall surface to the data center client (8) through network transmission;
step five: an image processing analysis system (11) is installed on a personal computer (9) of each working place by workers, firstly, hole wall image files of a data center client (8) are checked, called and downloaded in an account number and password mode, hole wall image files needing to be analyzed are opened in the image processing analysis system (11), the workers use the image processing system (11) to identify information of joint quantity, width, trend and distance of images, and the rock mass volume management number Jv, rock mass integrity Kv and joint and hole axis included angle alpha of the hole wall are obtained through discriminant analysis, so that the integrity evaluation of the hole wall surrounding rock is realized.
7. The tunnel portal wall surrounding rock integrity information acquisition device according to claim 6, wherein the number n of industrial cameras (2) installed on the tunnel excavation machinery is determined according to the tunnel diameter D and the wide angle α range of the wide angle lens of the industrial camera (2):
wherein L is the distance between the camera and the shooting hole wall; the automatic photographing time interval t of the industrial camera (2) is determined according to the tunnel excavation speed v and the set photographing interval distance X: />
8. Tunnel wall surrounding rock integrity information according to claim 7The acquisition device is characterized in that an image input module in the image processing analysis system (11) opens a rock wall picture file to be analyzed, a color image is converted into a gray level image through an image preprocessing module, then contrast stretching, brightness adjustment, smooth noise removal and edge enhancement are carried out on the photo, rock positioning segmentation, joint edge detection, joint width and trend, interval measurement and joint quantity statistics are carried out in the image analysis module, analysis images and joint quantity, joint width, joint trend and interval list are output in a statistical result output module, and according to a calculation formula of a rock volume regulation number Jv embedded in the module: j (J) v ＝∑(1/d i )+S k 5, wherein d i For the interval of the ith group of joints, S k Obtaining a rock volume pitch Jv value of the cavity wall for the number of non-grouped pitch bars of each cubic rock; and obtaining the integrity Kv of the rock mass and the integrity evaluation of the surrounding rock of the wall of the hole by discriminant analysis of the number of the joint groups and the joint distance and the Jv discriminant standard of the volume of the rock mass.
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| CN112989481B (en) * | 2021-05-17 | 2021-08-20 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Method for processing stable visual image data of complex geological tunnel construction surrounding rock |
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