CN115393709A - Intelligent surrounding rock grading system for rock tunnel engineering excavation surface based on machine vision - Google Patents
Intelligent surrounding rock grading system for rock tunnel engineering excavation surface based on machine vision Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a machine vision-based intelligent grading system for surrounding rocks of an excavation surface of a rock tunnel engineering, which comprises an image acquisition system, an illumination system, an input and output system, a data acquisition and analysis software system and an industrial control system; the image acquisition system is used for acquiring image information of the rock mass underground engineering working face; the lighting system is used for providing enough light sources for the working surface; the input and output system is used for executing the input function of numerical values or instructions and the visual output of analysis results in the human-computer interaction process; the data acquisition and analysis software system processes the acquired image data and the input parameters to obtain the extraction, identification and quantitative analysis results of the key information of the working face; the industrial control system is used for high-performance image deep learning calculation, image storage and data-driven algorithm calculation of the rock tunnel working face characteristic information. The intelligent grading system has important significance for rapidly acquiring, extracting and judging the surrounding rock information of the rock tunnel excavation surface.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of civil engineering, and particularly relates to an intelligent surrounding rock grading system for an excavation surface of rock tunnel engineering based on machine vision.
Background
70% of China is located in mountain mountainous areas, various infrastructures need to relate to rock tunnel engineering, and surrounding rock grades of a rock excavation surface directly influence the safety, excavation and supporting parameters of underground engineering. Although the information content of the excavation face is huge, the surrounding rock classification is judged by depending on the experience of field engineers for a long time, and direct service is provided for excavation face construction safety and construction parameter judgment. However, due to the heterogeneity, discontinuity and uncertainty of the rock excavation surface, and the concealment and unpredictability of unfavorable geology in underground engineering, it is often difficult to accurately predict the mechanical behavior and engineering state of the surrounding rock of the excavation surface. Meanwhile, the method is limited by the construction period of the rock tunnel engineering, the information acquisition technology and other reasons, and the information of the working face is not fully extracted, analyzed and utilized, so that a timely and effective feedback effect cannot be formed. Therefore, in actual engineering, due to factors such as experience abundance and manpower, the surrounding rock grade of the excavation surface is often not judged timely and accurately, and various adverse effects such as collapse and landslide are caused.
At present, in a rock tunnel engineering field, a geological technician still dominates measurement in a contact mode by adopting traditional tools such as a tape measure and a geological compass. Engineers need to be directly exposed under unstable rock masses in the data acquisition process, geological sketch is time-consuming and dangerous, even is influenced by subjective judgment and experience to a great extent, and the requirements of engineering rapid construction cannot be met. In recent years, the technology development from contact measurement to rock mass information acquisition and identification based on machine vision has been gradually developed internationally. The digital photography technology is a typical representation of machine vision, can capture a large amount of geometric information instantly, can be used as basic data for reconstructing a three-dimensional model, and has the advantages of lightness and convenience. Nevertheless, it is still challenging to collect samples in the working face of rock mass in the construction period, for example, the construction process is limited by dust particles, illumination intensity and uniformity, temperature and humidity for a long time, and the available photographing time is short due to the alternate circulation of the construction process. Research shows that although the digital image technology has the advantages of high processing speed, high automation degree and the like, the recognition accuracy, the recognition efficiency and the recognition robustness are obviously interfered by the shooting external environment, the self characteristics of a working face and the like. Therefore, a new technical method is urgently needed to reveal and overcome the complex environment of sample acquisition, quickly identify the main characteristics of the tunnel working face and quantitatively extract all the characteristics.
As is well known, surrounding rock grading judgment is based on nonlinear fusion of multi-source heterogeneous data, and the fact that surrounding rock grades are judged in real time is significant to on-site emergency management and construction organization. The tunnel surrounding rock grading is developed gradually from single-factor to multi-factor index comprehensive grading and from qualitative to semi-quantitative judgment grading. The grading indexes usually contain quantitative and qualitative multisource heterogeneous data indexes, a classical grading system can reasonably realize surrounding rock grading to a certain degree, but due to the limitation of applicability, discrimination flexibility and the acquisition means of multisource parameters, the weight of each parameter influencing the surrounding rock grade is often difficult to comprehensively disclose.
The data driving method is a statistical model established based on data, can be used for analyzing and predicting by means of the model, can not only be combined with multi-source input data of different regions, but also can adapt to regional characteristic parameters to provide objective target output. Therefore, a new method suitable for tunneling data needs to be explored, a real-time and rapid surrounding rock grading system of the mountain tunnel is constructed, the surrounding rock grading system is applied to field scientific evaluation of surrounding rock grading results, the method has great significance for field emergency management and construction organization, and the cost generated by construction scheme change, emergency rescue and expert consultation can be greatly reduced.
To sum up, the existing rock tunnel engineering working face surrounding rock classification mainly has the problems of three aspects: (1) The problems of low extraction efficiency and difficult quantitative analysis of key information of the underground engineering excavation face are solved; (2) The geological sketch of the rock tunnel engineering excavation surface is dangerous, time-consuming and low in precision; (3) The problem that the classification subjectivity and instantaneity of surrounding rocks on the excavated surface are weak.
In view of this, there are some solutions to perform analysis and calculation in a remote working room after attempting to acquire image information and engineering information on site, but the solutions lack effectiveness. In other schemes, a camera is assumed in front of a tunnel working surface, an engineer can remotely study and judge through field video data, but due to the fact that the camera shooting condition is interfered by a field construction environment, the remote engineer lacks on-site information, and accurate surrounding rock grading judgment cannot be given.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of time-consuming geological sketch danger, strong surrounding rock grading subjectivity, weak instantaneity, insufficient talents of experienced engineers and the like of rock tunnel engineering in the prior art, the invention provides a machine vision-based intelligent surrounding rock grading system for an excavation surface of rock tunnel engineering.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a rock tunnel engineering excavation face country rock intelligence grading system based on machine vision, includes: the system comprises an image acquisition system, a lighting system and an operation terminal;
the operation terminal comprises an input and output system, a data acquisition and analysis software system and an industrial control system;
the image acquisition system is used for acquiring image information of the rock mass underground engineering working face;
the lighting system is used for providing enough light sources for the working surface;
the input and output system is used for executing the input function of numerical values or instructions and the visual output of analysis results in the human-computer interaction process;
the data acquisition and analysis software system processes the acquired image data and the input parameters to obtain the extraction, identification and quantitative analysis results of the key information of the working face;
the industrial control system is used for high-performance image deep learning calculation, image storage and data-driven algorithm calculation of the rock tunnel working face characteristic information.
Furthermore, the intelligent surrounding rock grading system for the rock tunnel engineering excavation surface based on the machine vision further comprises a telescopic bracket, a tripod base and a workbench;
the image acquisition system and the illumination system are both arranged at the telescopic end of the telescopic bracket;
the fixed end of the telescopic bracket is fixed on the workbench, and the operating system is arranged at the fixed end of the telescopic bracket;
the workbench is fixed at the top end of the tripod base, and the bottom end of the tripod base is fixed on the ground.
Further, foretell rock tunnel engineering excavation face country rock intelligence grading system based on machine vision still includes the power, the bottom at the workstation is installed to the power.
Further, foretell rock tunnel engineering excavation face country rock intelligence grading system based on machine vision still includes laser range finder, thermometer, hygrometer and dust concentration meter, laser range finder, thermometer, hygrometer and dust concentration meter all install on the workstation.
Furthermore, the image acquisition system is an area-array camera image acquisition system, an area-array digital camera is integrated, camera calibration is carried out, camera shooting parameters under the conditions of different excavation face ranges, shooting visual angles, external light sources and the like are obtained, the shooting parameters of the area-array digital camera are controlled through an industrial control system, and high-definition image data of the rock tunnel working face are obtained.
Further, the lighting system is used for illuminating the working face of a rock tunnel in construction by integrating high-brightness LED lamps, so that high-quality image data are obtained, and the brightness of the LED lamps is controlled by an industrial control system.
Furthermore, the input and output system is used for inputting relevant parameters such as engineering and geology and the like and visually outputting data and analysis results by an engineer, the input system is connected with the industrial control equipment in a touch display screen mode, the touch screen is used for inputting relevant parameters such as engineering and geology by the engineer to carry out relevant instruction operation, and the output system is used for carrying out data processing and displaying and exporting results in the data processing and storage system.
Furthermore, the input and output system mainly comprises a display screen and a USB interface, wherein the display screen is used for displaying identification of key information of the working face, surrounding rock grades and the like, and the USB interface is used for exporting recorded original data and analysis results for further processing and analysis.
Further, the industrial control system is an industrial control computer device comprising a high-speed data reading and storing solid state disk, a memory card, a high-performance GPU and a CPU.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the intelligent grading system establishes an integrated algorithm for rapidly acquiring the image of the excavation surface and adaptively optimizing machine vision equipment in operation, and solves the problems of dangerous geological sketch, time consumption and low precision of the excavation surface of the rock tunnel engineering;
2. the intelligent grading system establishes an excavation face information intelligent extraction model and a quantitative algorithm based on deep learning, and solves the problems of low extraction efficiency and difficult quantitative analysis of key information of the underground engineering excavation face;
3. the intelligent grading system establishes the intelligent grading algorithm of the surrounding rock of the excavation surface with multi-source heterogeneous data fusion, correspondingly develops the control platform interaction program adapting to different working environments, and solves the problems of strong subjectivity and weak instantaneity of grading of the surrounding rock of the excavation surface.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the intelligent hierarchical system of the embodiment.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the intelligent grading system of the embodiment working in a rock tunnel site.
In the figure: 1. an image acquisition system; 2. an illumination system; 3. an operation terminal; 4. a telescoping support; 5. a tripod base; 6. a work table; 7. the intelligent grading system of the embodiment; 8. a rock tunnel face; 9. an engineer.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
The embodiment provides a rock tunnel engineering excavation face country rock intelligence grading system based on machine vision, and this intelligence grading system mainly used realizes functions such as excavation face image acquisition, information fusion processing, country rock judgement, and is significant to the acquirement, extraction, the judgement of excavation face country rock information.
Referring to fig. 1, the intelligent rating system comprises: the system comprises an image acquisition system 1, a lighting system 2 and an operation terminal 3. The operation terminal 3 comprises an input and output system, a data acquisition and analysis software system and an industrial control system; the image acquisition system 1 is used for acquiring image information of a rock mass underground engineering working face; the lighting system 2 is used for providing enough light sources for the working surface, so that smooth acquisition of working surface images is realized; the input and output system is used for executing the input function of numerical values or instructions and the visual output of analysis results in the human-computer interaction process; the data acquisition and analysis software system processes the acquired image data and the input parameters to obtain the extraction, identification and quantitative analysis results of the key information of the working face; the industrial control system is used for high-performance image deep learning calculation, image storage and data-driven algorithm calculation of the rock tunnel working face characteristic information. The intelligent grading system works on the site of the rock tunnel and is schematically shown in the attached figure 2.
The image acquisition system 1 of this embodiment is an area-array camera image acquisition system, integrates an area-array digital camera, carries out camera calibration, obtains camera shooting parameters under the conditions such as the range of different excavation faces, shooting visual angle, external light source, and controls the shooting parameters of the area-array digital camera through an industrial control system, obtains high definition image data of the rock tunnel working face.
The image acquisition system of the present embodiment mainly provides the following functions:
1) Acquisition parameter setting function:
before collection is started, camera collection parameters can be set, the collection outline and the exposure time of each frame of image are set, and after the parameters are set, each frame of image is stored and processed according to the parameters;
2) The image acquisition and storage function is as follows: after the acquisition is started, the software can store the acquired image data in a high-speed storage device of the industrial control system in real time. The storage format adopts an original data format with the highest efficiency;
3) An image acquisition preview function: after the record is started, the software displays the acquired working face image on the interface in real time.
The lighting system 2 of the embodiment is used for illuminating the working face of a rock tunnel in construction by integrating high-brightness LED lamps so as to ensure that high-quality image data is obtained, and the brightness of the LED lamps is controlled by an industrial control system.
The input and output system of the embodiment is used for inputting relevant parameters such as engineering and geology and visually outputting data and analysis results by an engineer, the input system is connected with the industrial control equipment in a touch display screen mode, the touch screen is used for the engineer to input the relevant parameters such as the engineering and the geology to carry out relevant instruction operation, and the output system carries out data processing and display and derivation of the results in the storage system. The input and output system mainly comprises a display screen and a USB interface, wherein the display screen is used for displaying identification of key information of a working face, surrounding rock grades and the like, and the USB interface is used for exporting recorded original data and analysis results for further processing and analysis.
The data acquisition and analysis software system of the embodiment mainly provides the following functions:
1) Working face rock mass qualitative classification function: classifying (qualitative research) images of rock mass structure and weathering degree based on the image classification CNN model, and performing classification identification according to predetermined types;
2) Working face rock mass quantitative analysis function: quantitative segmentation (quantitative research) of tunnel underground water, soft interlayers, joint cracks, structural planes and the like based on a semantic segmentation CNN model;
3) Displaying an image analysis result: and displaying the qualitative classification and quantitative analysis results of the analyzed and processed rock working face images on the interface by software in real time.
The industrial control system is industrial control computer equipment comprising a high-performance GPU and a CPU, and is mainly used for high-performance image deep learning calculation, image storage and data driving algorithm calculation of rock tunnel working face characteristic information.
The intelligent grading system of the embodiment mainly provides the following functions:
1) According to information input by engineering personnel and information obtained by image analysis, an input information data table (csv format) for judging the grade of the surrounding rock is constructed, and field personnel are reminded to input missing information;
2) Operating an implanted multi-source heterogeneous data machine learning algorithm, and obtaining the grade of the surrounding rock corresponding to the tunnel excavation surface based on a parameter model of a Chinese standard BQ surrounding rock grading system and the constructed input data;
3) And (3) displaying results of surrounding rock grading: displaying the image information of the current working face on a software interface, and inputting the information and a corresponding surrounding rock grade analysis result;
4) Storing analysis results of surrounding rock grading: the software can store the results of the analysis in real time in a high speed storage device of the industrial control system.
The rock tunnel engineering excavation face country rock intelligence grading system based on machine vision of this embodiment still includes telescoping shoring column 4, tripod base 5 and workstation 6. The image acquisition system 1 and the illumination system 2 are both arranged at the telescopic end of the telescopic bracket 4; the fixed end of the telescopic bracket 4 is fixed on the workbench 6, and the operating system 3 is arranged at the fixed end of the telescopic bracket 4; the workbench 6 is fixed at the top end of the tripod base 5, and the bottom end of the tripod base 5 is fixed on the ground.
The telescopic support is designed to facilitate a tunnel engineer to carry the telescopic support into a construction site, the support is unfolded in front of a target rock tunnel working surface, and the corresponding equipment module is installed on the support, so that the rapid installation and implementation of the whole device and the storage and transportation after the operation are finished are realized.
The tripod base 5 of this embodiment contains flexible and fixed support, realizes the steady operation of this system in the tunnel construction environment.
The intelligent grading system for the surrounding rock of the excavation surface of the rock tunnel engineering based on the machine vision further comprises a power supply, and the power supply is installed at the bottom of the workbench 6. The power supply of the embodiment adopts a detachable and replaceable rechargeable battery.
The rock tunnel engineering excavation face country rock intelligence grading system based on machine vision of this embodiment still includes laser range finder, thermometer, hygrometer and dust concentration meter, and laser range finder, thermometer, hygrometer and dust concentration meter all install on workstation 6.
The use method of the intelligent grading system of the embodiment is as follows:
1) Selecting a proper operation place in the rock tunnel, and expanding the telescopic bracket and fixing the tripod base after ensuring that no constructor interference exists around;
2) Installing an image acquisition system, a lighting system, an operation terminal and a power supply on the bracket, and testing and operating the installed equipment;
3) Inputting relevant field data of the rock tunnel at an operation terminal;
4) The method comprises the steps of (1) specifying a tunnel shape profile through a system, and acquiring image data of a rock tunnel working face;
5) The method comprises the steps that a processor of an industrial control system is called through a software system to extract quantitative and qualitative information of a rock tunnel working face, the information is displayed and output in a display screen and stored, the qualitative index comprises the crushing degree, the weathering degree and the structure type, and the quantitative index comprises information such as a weak interlayer, joints, underground water and a structural face;
6) Carrying out quantitative analysis and classification processing on the extracted working face information, and forming a structured data form representing the information of the current working face;
7) And summarizing the engineering information of field measurement and statistics into structured data to form input data of the surrounding rock grading intelligent algorithm.
8) Predicting the surrounding rock grade of the current rock working face based on a machine learning algorithm of multi-source data fusion and input data, and outputting the surrounding rock grade on a display screen;
9) And the input data and the output data are stored corresponding to the names of the rule folders, so that the subsequent data analysis is facilitated.
The intelligent grading system can quickly acquire image information of a rock tunnel working face, complete functions of identifying, extracting and analyzing key information of the working face, and replace the work of geological sketch of the traditional rock tunnel engineering excavation face; an integrated software and hardware system is provided, so that the acquired working face image can be analyzed on a rock tunnel construction site, and surrounding rock classification of the rock tunnel excavation face is formed by combining the input tunnel information; a software program containing an image deep learning algorithm is provided, so that an intelligent extraction model and quantitative analysis of excavation face information can be realized; a software program containing an integrated machine learning algorithm is provided, and the grade of the surrounding rock can be quickly judged and output on the tunnel construction site based on the summarized multi-source heterogeneous excavation face information; the intelligent grading system is high in image acquisition speed and low in surrounding rock grading judgment cost, and can further process data after analysis work is completed, and analyze the stability, excavation parameters and supporting strategies of surrounding rocks.
The foregoing is a further detailed description of the invention in connection with specific preferred embodiments and it is not intended to limit the invention to the specific embodiments described. For those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all shall be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a rock tunnel engineering excavation face country rock intelligence grading system based on machine vision, its characterized in that includes: the system comprises an image acquisition system (1), a lighting system (2) and an operation terminal (3);
the operation terminal (3) comprises an input and output system, a data acquisition and analysis software system and an industrial control system;
the image acquisition system (1) is used for acquiring image information of the rock mass underground engineering working face;
the lighting system (2) is used for providing enough light sources for a working surface;
the input and output system is used for executing the input function of numerical values or instructions and the visual output of analysis results in the human-computer interaction process;
the data acquisition and analysis software system processes the acquired image data and the input parameters to obtain the extraction, identification and quantitative analysis results of the key information of the working face;
the industrial control system is used for high-performance image deep learning calculation, image storage and data-driven algorithm calculation of the rock tunnel working face characteristic information.
2. The intelligent grading system for surrounding rocks of the excavated surface of the rock tunnel engineering based on the machine vision as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a telescopic bracket (4), a tripod base (5) and a workbench (6);
the image acquisition system (1) and the illumination system (2) are both arranged at the telescopic end of the telescopic bracket (4);
the fixed end of the telescopic support (4) is fixed on the workbench (6), and the operating system (3) is installed at the fixed end of the telescopic support (4);
the workbench (6) is fixed at the top end of the tripod base (5), and the bottom end of the tripod base (5) is fixed on the ground.
3. The intelligent grading system for surrounding rocks of the excavated surface of the rock tunnel engineering based on the machine vision as claimed in claim 2, characterized by further comprising a power supply, wherein the power supply is installed at the bottom of the workbench (6).
4. The intelligent grading system for surrounding rocks of an excavation surface of rock tunnel engineering based on machine vision as claimed in claim 3, characterized by further comprising a laser range finder, a thermometer, a hygrometer and a dust concentration meter, wherein the laser range finder, the thermometer, the hygrometer and the dust concentration meter are all installed on the workbench (6).
5. The intelligent grading system for the surrounding rock of the excavated surface of the rock tunnel engineering based on the machine vision as claimed in claim 1, wherein the image acquisition system (1) is an area-array camera image acquisition system, an area-array digital camera is integrated, camera calibration is performed, camera shooting parameters under the conditions of different excavated surface ranges, shooting visual angles, external light sources and the like are acquired, and the high-definition image data of the working surface of the rock tunnel is acquired by controlling the shooting parameters of the area-array digital camera through an industrial control system.
6. The intelligent grading system for surrounding rocks of an excavation surface of rock tunnel engineering based on machine vision as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the lighting system (2) is used for lighting the working surface of a rock tunnel in construction by integrating LED lamps with high brightness so as to ensure to obtain high-quality image data, and the brightness of the LED lamps is controlled by an industrial control system.
7. The intelligent grading system for surrounding rocks of an excavation face of a rock tunnel engineering based on machine vision as claimed in claim 1, wherein the input and output system is used for an engineer to input relevant parameters of engineering, geology and the like and to visually output data and analysis results, the input system is connected with the industrial control equipment in a touch display screen mode, the engineer is used for inputting relevant parameters of engineering, geology and the like through the touch screen to operate relevant instructions, and the output system is used for performing data processing and displaying and exporting results in the storage system.
8. The intelligent grading system for surrounding rocks of an excavation surface of a rock tunnel engineering based on machine vision as claimed in claim 7, wherein the input and output system mainly comprises a display screen and a USB interface, the display screen is used for displaying identification of key information of a working surface, surrounding rock grades and the like, and the USB interface is used for exporting recorded original data and analysis results for further processing and analysis.
9. The intelligent grading system for surrounding rocks on an excavation surface of rock tunnel engineering based on machine vision as claimed in claim 1, wherein the industrial control system is an industrial control computer device comprising a high-speed data reading and storing solid state disk and a memory card, a high-performance GPU and a CPU.
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