JP7213322B2 - Face information display method, face information display system, and tunnel construction method using these - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a technology for displaying information related to a tunnel face.

Conventionally, in tunnel construction such as mountain tunnels, there is a technology to display the tunnel center line, support line, excavation line, blasting pattern, etc. on the face surface by laser light on the face surface exposed by excavating the ground. There is (see Patent Document 1).

JP-A-5-157559

However, in the above-mentioned conventional technology, the laser beam is directly irradiated to the face surface (ground surface) exposed after excavation, and the work is performed while comparing the actual ground condition with the displayed information such as planned lines and planned blasting patterns. conduct. Here, after excavating the face by blasting or the like, it is recommended that concrete is immediately sprayed to ensure safety. Therefore, when working in the face without mirror blowing, it is safer to strengthen the equipment than usual and place more guards in preparation for the skin falling off the face. It is necessary to ensure the reliability. On the other hand, mirror blowing of the face is effective in improving safety, but because the natural ground is covered with concrete, the condition of the face cannot be visually recognized during construction. Therefore, as in the above-described prior art, there is a problem when it is desired to visually check the condition of the natural ground during construction.

Therefore, the present invention has been made by paying attention to such unsolved problems of the conventional technology, and it is possible to prevent construction workers from blowing mirrors while ensuring safety by blowing mirrors on the face. It is an object of the present invention to provide a face information display method, a face information display system, and a tunnel construction method using these, which enable construction work to be performed while visually recognizing the ground condition on the concrete surface.

In order to achieve the above object, a face information display method according to a first aspect of the present invention captures an image of an area including the entire first face surface, which is an exposed face of the ground of the tunnel face, with a digital camera. and extracting data of an image portion of the first face from photographed image data of a region including the entire first face obtained by photographing with the digital camera as face face image data. a face information image data generating step of generating face information image data including a face image that is a photographed image of at least the entire first face, based on the face image data; a mirror blowing step of mirror blowing concrete onto a second face surface, which is the surface of the concrete after the mirror blowing; and a face information image projecting step of projecting an actual size image of the first face in accordance with the shape and size of the second face.
Further, another face information display method according to the first embodiment of the present invention includes a face photographing step of photographing an area including the entire first face surface, which is an exposed face of the ground of the tunnel face, with a digital camera. , a configuration that configures the outline of the first face and the first face on the basis of photographed image data of an area including the entire first face that is obtained by photographing with the digital camera a face information image data generating step of generating face information image data including at least an image consisting of division lines separating elements; a mirror blowing step of mirror blowing concrete onto the first face surface; and a face information image projection step of projecting a face information image, which is an image indicated by the face information image data, onto a second face surface, which is a concrete surface.

Further, in order to achieve the above object, a face information display system according to a second aspect of the present invention provides an area including the entire first face face, which is an exposed face of the natural ground of the tunnel face, with a digital camera. a photographed image data acquiring unit for acquiring photographed image data obtained by photographing; and the first face surface from the photographed image data of an area including the entire first face surface acquired by the photographed image data acquiring unit. is extracted as face image data, and based on the face image data, face information image data including a face image that is a photographed image of at least the entire first face is generated. an image data generation unit, and an image indicated by the face information image data generated by the face information image data generation unit on the second face surface, which is the surface of the concrete after the mirror blowing of the concrete onto the first face surface; and a face information image projection unit that matches the face information image of the face information image with the shape and size of the second face and projects it in the actual size of the first face.

Further, in order to achieve the above object, a tunnel construction method according to a third aspect of the present invention includes face photography for photographing an area including the entire first face surface, which is an exposed face of the tunnel face, with a digital camera. extracting data of an image portion of the first face from photographed image data of a region including the entire first face obtained by photographing with the digital camera as face face image data; a face information image data generating step of generating face information image data including a face image that is a photographed image of at least the entire first face on the basis of the face image data; a mirror blowing step of mirror blowing, and the face image of the face information image, which is an image indicated by the face information image data, is placed on the second face surface, which is the surface of the concrete after the mirror blowing. a face information image projecting step of projecting the first face in the actual size in conformity with the shape and size of the face of No. 2; and a charging hole based on the face information image projected on the second face. a charging information determining step for determining the number, charging hole positions and amount of charge; and drilling of charging holes at the charging hole positions determined in the charging information determining step in the tunnel face after the mirror blowing. a loading step of loading the charged amount of explosive determined in the charging information determining step into each of the drilled charge holes; and an excavating step of excavating by detonating the charged explosive. and including.

According to the face information display method, the face information display system, and the tunnel construction method according to the present invention, concrete is sprayed onto the exposed first face surface of the tunnel face, and the concrete surface after spraying is the first face surface. 2, a face image that is a photographed image of the entire first face, or a section line that separates the outline of the first face and the constituent elements that make up the first face An image consisting of As a result, the construction worker at the site can visually recognize the ground condition of the tunnel face from the projected image. In addition, many construction workers at the site can perform construction work while sharing the ground condition of the tunnel face. As a result, it becomes possible to improve the efficiency of the construction work and to improve the safety in the construction work that involves entering the working face.

5 is a flow chart showing an example of a mountain tunnel construction procedure using the face information display method according to the embodiment. (a) to (c) are diagrams for explaining the procedure from excavation by blasting to photographing of the first face. (a) to (d) are diagrams for explaining the procedure from mirror blowing of the first face to projection of the face information update image onto the second face. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a face information display system according to an embodiment; FIG. FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining a moving configuration of a projector using a mobile lighting device; 9 is a flowchart showing an example of a processing procedure of face information image generation processing; It is a figure which shows an example of the face information image projected on the 2nd face surface 1c. It is a figure which shows an example of the face information update image projected on the 2nd face surface 1c. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a modified example of a moving configuration of a projector using a drill jumbo; It is a figure which shows an example of a 2nd face information image. It is a figure which shows an example of the face information image which concerns on reference embodiment.

Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the following description of the drawings, the same or similar parts are denoted by the same or similar reference numerals. However, it should be noted that the drawings are schematic, and the vertical and horizontal dimensions and scales of members and portions are different from the actual ones. Therefore, specific dimensions and scales should be determined with reference to the following description. In addition, it is a matter of course that there are portions with different dimensional relationships and ratios between the drawings.

Further, the embodiments shown below are examples of devices and methods for embodying the technical idea of the present invention. etc. are not limited to the following. Various modifications can be made to the technical idea of the present invention within the technical scope defined by the claims.

(embodiment)
In this embodiment, a case where the present invention is applied to the construction of a mountain tunnel will be described as an example. Also, in this embodiment, a case where NATM (New Austrian Tunneling Method) is applied as a tunnel construction method will be described as an example.
Here, NATM is a construction method in which the following steps (1) to (5) are roughly repeated to excavate a tunnel.

(1) Blasting with explosives and excavating the natural ground with an excavating machine.
(2) Remove the mud generated by excavation.
(3) Install the shoring.
(4) Reinforce the excavated area by spraying concrete.
(5) By driving rock bolts into the bedrock, the tunnel is held using the holding force of the ground itself.

By erecting the shoring before the concrete is sprayed, the reinforcement until the shotcrete and rock bolts exert their support effect and the reinforcement holding power after the shotcrete hardens are enhanced. However, if the ground conditions at the excavation site are good, it is possible to omit the erection of the shoring.

In addition, depending on the ground conditions at the excavation location such as the face and the ground conditions predicted by geological surveys such as boring, the necessity of support work, the number of charge holes when blasting, and the location of charge holes , to determine construction information such as the amount of charge.

Here, since the natural ground conditions may change significantly during excavation, it is necessary to proceed with construction in response to such changes each time. At that time, it is desirable to proceed with the construction while visually grasping the ground condition, but there is a risk of collapse such as skin falling in places where the rock part such as the face is exposed. Therefore, after excavation, concrete is sprayed to reinforce the excavated area immediately after excavation. However, if concrete is sprayed immediately, it becomes impossible to visually check the ground condition of the excavated area. are doing.

However, in sketching and digital photography, in addition to the relatively small size of the display medium, it is necessary to move to a certain point on the display medium (for example, a PC monitor, etc.) and to hold a digital camera or sketch paper in hand. Because of the necessity, it is difficult for many workers at the site to work while sharing accurate ground conditions.

On the other hand, in the present embodiment, a face information image including display information indicating construction information such as the ground conditions of the face and the positions of charge holes is projected onto the concrete surface after the concrete has been mirror blown. That is, it enables many workers on site to easily share accurate ground conditions and construction information of the face while ensuring safety.
A tunnel construction procedure using the face information image display method according to the present embodiment will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3. FIG.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2(a), first, based on the number of charge holes and the positions of the charge holes determined in the previous construction cycle, for the face 1 after the mirror blowing of concrete, A plurality of charging holes 2 are drilled (step S1). In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2A, the charge hole 2 is drilled using, for example, a drill jumbo 100. As shown in FIG.
Hereinafter, the surface of the exposed face 1 of the ground after excavation is referred to as "first face 1e", and the surface of the concrete mirror-blasted on the first face 1e is referred to as "second face 1c." ”.

After drilling the charge holes 2, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2(b), an explosive is loaded into each charge hole 2 based on the amount of charge determined in the previous construction cycle, The loaded explosive is blown up (blasted) to excavate the ground ahead including the face 1 (step S2). Excavation by this blasting exposes a new face 1 as shown in FIG.

In the above steps S1 and S2, in the case of the first construction cycle, the number of charging holes, the positions of the charging holes, and the amount of charging are determined based on the survey results of the ground conditions obtained in the preliminary survey. .
After excavation by blasting, the generated shear S is removed (step S3). This removal of the shear S is carried out using transportation means (not shown) such as a belt conveyor or a dump truck.
After the slide-out, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2(c), the person in charge of photography 200 at the site uses, for example, a handheld digital camera DC to capture the first face 1e in the exposed state of the natural ground. Photographing is performed (step S4).

Specifically, an area including (the entirety of) the first face 1e is photographed with a digital camera DC from a position a predetermined distance away from the first face 1e. In addition, in order to be able to grasp the detailed natural ground condition of the face 1 from the photographed image of the area including the first face 1e, a digital image with as many effective pixels as possible (for example, 10 million pixels or more) It is desirable to use camera DC. In addition, in this embodiment, as shown in the first to sixteenth divided photographed images P1 to P16 in FIG. A plurality of images (16 images in the example of FIG. 2(c)) are divided so as to partially overlap (wrap) and are photographed. In this embodiment, a single photographed image including the entire first face 1e is obtained by joining (panorama-combining) the plurality of divided photographed images. That is, compared with the case where the entire first face 1e is contained in one photographed image, a photographed image with higher resolution is obtained.

After photographing the first face 1e, as shown in FIG. 1, a steel arch-shaped shoring (not shown) is erected with bolts or the like in the excavated area around the inside of the tunnel (step S5). It should be noted that step S5 may be omitted if the condition of the natural ground is favorable.
After erecting the shoring, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3(a), concrete is sprayed onto the excavated portion including the first face 1e by a sprayer 300 (step S6).

On the other hand, after photographing the first face 1e, based on the plurality of split photographed image data of the first face 1e recorded in the digital camera DC, a plurality of split photographed images are combined into a panorama, and this panorama A process of extracting data of the image portion of the first face 1e (hereinafter referred to as "face image") from the synthesized image data is performed. Then, based on the extracted face image data (hereinafter referred to as "face image data"), basic information of the face 1 (information such as shape and size), analysis information of the face, etc. Information image data is generated (step S7).

Here, the face information image data is image data obtained by synthesizing, on the face surface image, information indicating the features of the ground constituting the face 1, information indicating notable points such as spring water points and dangerous points. becomes. Furthermore, in this embodiment, based on the basic information of the face 1 and the distance data between the projector 5 (described later) and the face 1, the second face 1c is projected using a known projection mapping technique. The face information image data is converted into image data for projection so that an actual size face image (actually photographed image of the first face 1e) is superimposed thereon in conformity with the shape and size.

After generating the face information image data for projection, the face information image 50 is projected onto the second face surface 1c by the projector 5 based on the generated face information image data, as indicated by the dotted line in FIG. 3(b). is projected (step S8). In the example of FIG. 3B, as the face information image 50, an image including only the face surface image 50FS is projected.

Here, the projection of the face information image 50 is performed after the projector 5 is moved by a means for moving the projector 5, which will be described later, by a distance corresponding to the excavation by blasting. That is, when projecting the face information image 50, the distance between the face 1 and the projector 5 is kept at a constant distance suitable for projection.

After the face information image 50 is projected, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3(c), a plurality of rock bolts 20 are installed around the tunnel 3 (step S9). Specifically, although not shown, the drill jumbo 100 is used to drill a plurality of lock bolt holes along the periphery of the tunnel 3, and the lock bolts 20 are inserted into the lock bolt holes.

After the rock bolts 20 are installed, the face information image 50 projected onto the second face surface 1c is referenced to determine the number of charge holes, charge hole positions, charge amount, etc. for the next construction cycle. Construction information is determined (step S10).

After the working information is determined, display information indicating the determined working information (in this embodiment, a plurality of charging hole position images indicating the charging hole positions) is added to the face information image data related to the currently projected face information image 50. ) to generate face information update image data (step S11).
After the generation of the face information update image data, based on the generated face information update image data, the projector 5 displays the following on the second face surface 1c, as indicated by the dotted line and a plurality of white circles in FIG. 3(d). A face information update image 51 including a face surface image 50FS and a plurality of charging hole position images 2c is projected (step S12).

(Configuration of face information display system 4)
Next, the process of generating face information image data in steps S7, S8, S11 and S12,
A face information display system 4 according to the present embodiment, which is a system that performs projection processing of the face information image 50, generation processing of face information update image data, and projection processing of the face information update image 51, will be described.

As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the face information display system 4 includes a projector 5, a laser rangefinder 6, a control device 7, a surveying device 8, a display device 9, and a mobile lighting device 10. Prepare.

The projector 5 is, for example, a projector suitable for projection mapping, such as a known 3-chip DLP (Digital Light Processing) type high-brightness projector. This projector 5 is attached to a mobile lighting device 10 as shown in FIG. That is, in this embodiment, the moving lighting device 10 used to illuminate the work area in the tunnel is used to move the projector 5 .

Also, the projector 5 is connected to the control device 7 via an electric cable 19 so as to be able to transmit and receive data. The projector 5 receives the projection image signal transmitted from the control device 7 via the electric cable 19 and projects an image according to the received projection image signal.

The laser rangefinder 6 is composed of a phase-difference rangefinder in this embodiment. In addition, in this embodiment, the laser rangefinder 6 is attached to the projector 5 so as to irradiate laser light in the same direction as the projection light 5PL of the projector 5 . This laser range finder 6 measures the distance D between the projector 5 and the face 1 by measuring the phase difference between the laser irradiation light and its reflected light. Also, the laser rangefinder 6 is connected to the controller 7 via an electric cable 19 so as to be able to transmit and receive data. Then, the laser rangefinder 6 transmits distance data, which is data of the measured distance D, to the control device 7 via the electric cable 19 .

Returning to FIG. 4, the control device 7 is composed of a personal computer in this embodiment. That is, although not shown, the control device 7 includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a RAM (Random Access Memory), and a ROM (Read Only Memory). In addition, it has an input/output interface (I/F) and various internal and external buses for data transfer. The CPU, RAM, and ROM are connected by various internal and external buses, and input devices such as keyboards and mice (not shown), display device 9, etc. are connected to these buses via input/output I/Fs. ing.

When power is turned on, a system program such as BIOS stored in the ROM loads various computer programs previously stored in the ROM or other storage device into the RAM. In accordance with instructions written in a program loaded into the RAM, the CPU makes full use of various resources to perform predetermined control and arithmetic processing, thereby realizing each function to be described later on software.

Specifically, the control device 7 has a function of generating face image data based on a plurality of divided photographed image data acquired from the digital camera DC, and a function of generating the generated face image data and face images stored in advance in a memory such as a RAM. and a function of generating face information image data based on various data for generating information image data. Further, it has a function of transmitting a projection image signal to the projector 5 based on the generated face information image data and causing the projector 5 to project the face information image 50 onto the second face information image 1c.

Furthermore, in the present embodiment, the control device 7 adds display information of the construction information such as the charge hole position image 2c to the face information image 50 based on the construction information determined based on the projected face information image 50. It has a function of generating updated face information image data. In addition, it has a function of transmitting a projection image signal to the projector 5 based on the generated face information update image data and causing the projector 5 to project the face information update image 51 onto the second face surface 1c. .

The surveying device 8 is composed of, for example, a surveying machine such as a total station, and is used for various surveys in tunnels. In this embodiment, it is particularly used for surveying basic information of the face 1 . Here, the surveying device 8 and the control device 7 are connected via a communication cable (not shown) such as an RS232C cable, and the surveying device 8 transmits surveyed information to the control device 7 via the communication cable. Send to

The display device 9 is composed of a well-known display device such as a liquid crystal display, a CRT display, an organic EL display, or the like. The display device 9 is connected to the control device 7 via a display cable, and receives an image display signal from the control device 7 via this display cable. Various images such as various software screens and face images are displayed according to the received image display signal.

As shown in FIG. 5, the mobile lighting device 10 includes a pedestal 11, a front lighting lamp 12, a rear lighting lamp 13, an electric trolley 14, first and second front trolleys 15 and 16, and wireless communication. It comprises a device 17 , a remote control 18 and an electrical cable 19 .

Further, in the tunnel 3, a rail 30 made of I-shaped steel is provided as a moving path for the mobile lighting device 10 in this embodiment. The rail 30 is suspended horizontally along the axial direction of the tunnel 3 from the top of the tunnel 3 by a plurality of rail support members 31 .
The pedestal 11 serves as the base of the mobile lighting device 10 . The shape and material of the frame 11 are not particularly limited, and for example, it is configured by combining steel bars, plates, and the like.

The front illumination lamp 12 is installed near the front (on the face 1 side) of the mount 11, and irradiates light particularly forward. The rear lighting lamp 13 is installed on the rear side (pithead side) of the gantry 11, and irradiates light particularly rearward. The projector 5 is installed on the front side of the mount 11 with respect to the front illumination lamp 12 .

The electric trolley 14 is installed on the rear side of the gantry 11 . Although not shown, the electric trolley 14 includes wheels that abut against the rails 30 and a motor that imparts rotational force to the wheels. The electric trolley 14 rotates the wheels by the driving force generated by the motor, and moves the mobile lighting device 10 forward or backward by the frictional force between the rotating wheels and the rails 30 .

The first and second plane trolleys 15 and 16 are installed above the projector 5 and the front lighting lamp 12 on the pedestal 11 . The first and second plen trolleys 15 and 16 are provided with wheels that abut the rails 30, although not shown. However, all of them are configurations without a motor. That is, the wheels of the first and second pre-trolleys 15 and 16 rotate as the mobile lighting device 10 is moved forward or backward by the electric trolley 14 .

The wireless communication device 17 receives a signal from the remote controller 18 using wireless communication, and transmits the received information to each component of the mobile lighting device 10, the projector 5, and the like.
The remote controller 18 is held and operated by the operator 201 of the mobile lighting device 10 to transmit information to the wireless communication device 17 using wireless communication.

The electric cable 19 is a cable for supplying power to each component of the mobile lighting device 10, the projector 5 and the laser rangefinder 6, and for transmitting control signals, measurement signals, etc. between the projector 5 and the laser rangefinder 6 and the controller 7. It includes a transmission/reception cable and a cable for transmitting control signals, projection image signals, and the like from the control device 7 to the projector 5 .

Here, in this embodiment, the electric trolley 14, the front lighting lamp 12, and the rear lighting lamp 13 of the mobile lighting device 10 can be remotely controlled by the remote controller 18 possessed by the operator 201. FIG. In addition, the projector 5 and the laser rangefinder 6 are configured to be remotely controlled by the remote controller 18 . Specifically, by transmitting a remote control signal from the remote control 18, the rotation direction and rotation speed of the motor of the electric trolley 14 can be controlled, and the front lighting lamp 12 and the rear lighting lamp 13 can be turned on/off and the light amount at the time of lighting can be adjusted. etc. can be performed. In addition, by transmitting a remote control signal from the remote controller 18, it is possible to turn on/off the power of the projector 5, or to change the attitude (irradiation angle, etc.) if the remote controller can be used to change the attitude. It has become.

When excavating by blasting, flying stones are generated by the impact of the blasting, so in order to protect the projector 5, the front lighting lamp 12, etc. from the flying stones, the movable lighting device 10 should be provided with a protective means such as an openable iron plate. can be

(Face information image data generation processing)
Next, the processing procedure of the face information image data generation processing executed by the control device 7 in step S7 will be described.
When the face information image data generating process is executed in the control device 7, as shown in FIG. 6, first, the process proceeds to step S51.

In step S51, the controller 7 reads a plurality of divided photographed image data obtained by dividing the first face 1e photographed by the digital camera DC into a plurality of pieces from a memory such as a RAM. After that, the process proceeds to step S52.

Here, for example, the operator of the control device 7 connects the digital camera DC used for photography to the control device 7 with a USB cable or the like, and reads the data from the digital camera DC, or , divided photographed image data already stored in the RAM of the control device 7 via a memory card reader or the like is selected on software for face information image data generation processing.

In step S52, the control device 7 generates face image data based on the read plural pieces of divided photographed image data. After that, the process moves to step S53.
Here, the generation processing of the face image data of the present embodiment is automatically performed by image processing. That is, image data (panorama image data) including the entire first face 1e is generated by connecting a plurality of divided photographed image data by image processing. Next, an image portion of the first face 1e is extracted from the generated panorama image data by edge detection processing, pattern matching processing, and the like.

The extraction of the image portion of the first face surface 1e is performed, for example, by the operator manually instructing the region via the input device on software for face information image data generation processing. good too.

In step S53, the control device 7 analyzes the face image data using its color information, edge information, and the like. Then, the information of the analysis result is stored in the RAM, and the process proceeds to step S54.

Here, the analysis of the face is not only performed on the software by the control device 7, but also by a veteran operator who is familiar with the ground condition, etc., and visually reads the actual first face 1e and the face face image data. and so on. The information analyzed in this way is input by the operator to the control device 7 via the input device. The input information is stored in a memory such as RAM.
In addition to analysis of face image data and analysis by visual inspection, analysis may also be performed based on the results of preliminary surveys conducted separately by boring or the like.

In addition, for example, the generated face image data and the data of the analysis results thereof are accumulated as big data, and machine learning is performed using machine learning methods such as deep learning, so that the face image data can be obtained. Construct a neural network that can obtain appropriate analysis results for the input. Then, analysis may be performed using this constructed neural network.

In addition, the following (a) to (e) can be cited as examples of analysis contents of the face.
(a) Geology (rock name), its distribution, properties, and self-reliance of the face (b) Conditions of the ground, such as the hardness and softness of the ground, the intervals between cracks and their dominant directions (c) The distribution, running, inclination, and Degree of clayification (d) Location of spring water, amount of spring water and its state (e) Distribution of soft layer Information on the properties of rocks, the distribution of springs, and the distribution of soft layers such as fracture zones is obtained through analysis.

In step S54, the control device 7 generates display information to be added to the face image based on the information of the analysis result, and the process proceeds to step S55.
Here, the display information includes, for example, information indicating the name of each constituent element (rock name such as granite, clay, spring water, fracture zone, etc.) constituting the first face 1e, properties of the rock and clay ( (including hardness and softness) (for example, information based on conventionally used rock mass evaluation criteria), and information that clearly indicates notable points such as spring water points and crushed points. In addition, for example, when a worker is handed over between a daytime session and a nighttime session, display information such as a comment that the successor wants to convey, such as many cracks and brittleness, may be generated.

In step S55, the display information generated in step S54 is combined with the face image data to generate face information image data in the control device 7 . After that, the process proceeds to step S56.
In this embodiment, display information is combined with face image data so that each piece of display information fits within the face image.

In step S56, the controller 7 acquires distance data indicating the distance D between the projector 5 and the face 1 (the second face 1c in this embodiment) measured by the laser rangefinder 6. FIG. In addition, the basic information of the face 1 previously surveyed by the surveying device 8 and stored in the RAM is read. After that, the process proceeds to step S57.
Here, the basic information of the face 1 includes the shape of the outer diameter of the face 1, the dimensions such as the radius and the base, and the irregular shape of the surface that exerts a considerable influence on the projected image.

In step S57, the control device 7 converts the face information image data into image data for projection (projection mapping) using a projection mapping technique based on the face information image data, the distance data, and the basic information of the face 1. Convert. After that, the series of processes is terminated and the original process is returned to.

The face information image data for projection generated in this manner is transmitted from the control device 7 to the projector 5 via the electric cable 19 as a projection image signal, and the projector 5 receives the projection image signal (face The face information image 50 indicated by the information image data) is projected onto the second face surface 1c. As a result, a face image 50FS showing the photographed image itself (actual size) of the first face 1e is displayed on the second face 1c. In addition, the names of the rocks are displayed on the area where the notable points of the face image 50FS are distributed, and the symbols indicating the properties (hardness, etc.) alphabet) is displayed. In addition, circles or the like are displayed to enclose particularly noteworthy spring water locations, dangerous locations, and the like.

(motion)
Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described based on FIGS. 7 and 8 while referring to FIGS. 1 to 6. FIG.
Suppose now that during construction of a mountain tunnel, a new face 1 is exposed as shown in FIG.

When the new face 1 is exposed, the photographer 200 takes an image of the area including the entire first face 1e of the face 1 with the digital camera DC. Here, for example, as shown in FIG. 2(c), the first to sixteenth divided photographed images P1 to P16 are divided into 16 areas and photographed. The photographed image data obtained by this photographing is transmitted to the control device 7 via a USB cable (not shown) here, and stored in the RAM of the control device 7 .

In the control device 7, software for generating face information image data is executed. Generate image data. Then, from this image data, a face image, which is the image portion of the first face 1e, is extracted to generate face image data.

Subsequently, the control device 7 performs image processing on the generated face image data, and analyzes the face on the basis of color information, edge information, and the like. Through this analysis, for example, information on the distribution of rocks, clay, springs, fracture zones, etc., and information indicating their properties are obtained. Further, the operator's visual analysis of the actual first face 1e and the generated face image data provides information such as the type and properties of the rock that cannot be obtained from image processing alone.

Information (analysis information) obtained by these analyzes is stored in a memory such as a RAM provided in the control device 7 .
When the analysis of the face 1 is completed, the control device 7 generates display information to be added to the face image data based on the analysis information stored in the RAM.

Here, as display information, character information indicating the names of the elements that make up each distribution area, character information (symbols) indicating the properties of the constituent elements (rocks, clay, etc.), and noteworthy information such as spring locations and fracture zones. Marking information (graphics) that clearly indicates the location (distribution area) is generated.
When the generation of the display information is completed, the control device 7 synthesizes the generated display information on the distribution area of each component of the face image data to generate face information image data.

On the other hand, after the end of the visual analysis of the first face surface 1e, in parallel with the face information image data generation processing, the erection of the shoring, and the concrete to a new excavation location including the face 1 after erection Kagami blowing is performed.

When the mirror blowing is completed, the control device 7 acquires from the laser rangefinder 6 distance data indicating the distance D between the projector 5 and the second face 1c. Based on the basic information of the face 1, the previously generated face information image data is converted into image data for projection (projection mapping).

Subsequently, the person in charge of projecting the face information image 50 at the site remotely operates the remote controller 18 to move the mobile lighting device 10 by the distance of the excavation. Here, information about the distance D between the projector 5 and the second face 1c is displayed on the display device 9, and the person in charge remotely operates the remote controller 18 while confirming this information to determine in advance. Move the mobile lighting device 10 until it reaches the specified distance.
After moving the projector 5 , the control device 7 transmits the image signal for projection to the projector 5 via the electric cable 19 based on the face information image data for projection.

Upon receiving the projection image signal from the control device 7, the projector 5 projects the face information image 50 indicated by the received projection image signal onto the second face 1c. Here, when projecting an image, it is desirable to set a state in which the projected image is clearly displayed, such as by reducing the amount of light of the front illumination lamp 12 or by turning off the lights of the heavy machinery.

As a result, for example, as shown in FIG. 7, a full-size face image 50FS (dotted line portion in the figure) showing the photographed image itself of the first face 1e is the second face. displayed on the surface 1c. In addition, character images 50E indicating their names (granite, clay, spring, fracture zone) are displayed on the regions where each rock, clay, spring, and fracture zone exist in the face image 50FS. Next to the character image 50E indicating the name of the granite, alphabets indicating the rock class and rock quality are displayed. Furthermore, a marking image 50M consisting of a circle surrounding these areas is displayed for the spring water spot and the fracture zone.

In general, rocks are classified into six grades of A, B, CH, CM, CL, and D, and the rock quality goes from extremely hard to extremely soft in this order. That is, in terms of the degree of weathering deterioration, small (no weathering deterioration)→large (significant weathering deterioration). The greater the degree of weathering alteration, the greater the risk of collapse such as skin falling off. In addition, the state of cracks also changes from few to many from A to CM, claying occurs from CL, conversely, the number of cracks decreases, and claying progresses at D and the cracks disappear.

As for the color tone, for example, taking granite as an example, A is blue ash to milk ash, B is milk ash to (light) brown ash, CH is brown ash to (light) gray brown, and CM is gray brown to light yellow brown. , CL becomes pale yellowish brown to yellowish brown, and D becomes yellowish brown.

When the face information image 50 is displayed on the second face surface 1c, a plurality of workers at the site continue to visually recognize the displayed face information image 50 and share the ground condition of the face 1. , the installation work of the lock bolt 20 is performed. In addition, it determines construction information such as the number of charging holes, the positions of the charging holes and the amount of charging for the next construction cycle, and inputs the determined construction information to the control device 7 .

In this way, multiple workers at the site can work while sharing the ground conditions. can take

When the construction information is input, the control device 7 generates display information indicating the position of the charge hole based on the input construction information, adds this to the face information image data, and displays it for projection. Generate face information update image data.
Subsequently, the controller 7 transmits a projection image signal to the projector 5 via the electric cable 19 based on the face information update image data for projection.

Upon receiving the projection image signal from the control device 7, the projector 5 projects the face information update image 51 indicated by the received projection image signal onto the second face 1c.
As a result, for example, as shown in FIG. 8, an image obtained by adding a charging hole position image 2c, which is display information of the charging hole position indicated by a small white circle, to the face information image 50 is the second face surface. Displayed on 1c.

Then, the operator who drills the charge hole 2 drills the charge hole 2 with the drill jumbo 100 based on the charge hole position image 2c displayed on the second face surface 1c in the next construction cycle. can do.

In this manner, information on the position of the charge hole is projected in addition to the ground condition of the face 1, so that the work of entering the face 1 to mark the position of the charge hole can be omitted. This makes it possible to further improve safety during work.

In the above embodiment, the face 1 corresponds to the tunnel face, the control device 7 corresponds to the captured image data acquisition section and the face information image data generation section, and the projector 5 corresponds to the face information image projection section and the face information update image projection section. handle.
Also, in the above embodiment, the character image 50E and the marking image 50M correspond to auxiliary information.

(Action and effect of embodiment)
According to the face information display method according to the embodiment, an area including the first face 1e, which is the exposed surface of the natural ground of the face 1 exposed by excavation by blasting, is photographed with the digital camera DC. Next, based on the photographed image data of the area including the first face surface 1e obtained by photographing with the digital camera DC, face information image data including display information indicating at least the ground condition of the face 1 is generated. . On the other hand, concrete is mirror blown on the first face 1e. After that, the face information image 50, which is the image indicated by the face information image data, is projected onto the second face 1c, which is the surface of the concrete after mirror blowing on the first face 1e.

As a result, the construction worker at the site can visually recognize the ground condition of the face 1 from the face information image 50 projected on the second face 1c. In addition, many construction workers at the site can perform construction work while sharing the ground conditions of the face 1 . As a result, it becomes possible to improve the efficiency of the construction work, and to improve the safety in the construction work in which the face 1 is entered.

Furthermore, according to the face information display method according to the embodiment, projection mapping technology is used to convert at least the photographed image portion (face face image 50FS) of the first face face 1e out of the face information image 50 into the first face face image 50FS. is superimposed on the second face 1c and projected on the actual size of the face 1e.

As a result, the positional relationship of the components (rocks, etc.) of the first face surface 1e and the positional relationship of the components of the projected face surface image 50FS can be made substantially the same, so that the construction work can be performed. A person (including an observer) can, for example, take a cautious action with awareness of a dangerous spot during construction work near the position where the dangerous spot is displayed. As a result, it becomes possible to reduce the occurrence of accidents such as being caught in a collapse.

Furthermore, according to the face information display method according to the embodiment, based on the face information image 50 projected on the second face surface 1c, the construction information related to the construction of the tunnel 3 (in the embodiment, the number of charge holes, the charge position and amount of charge). Next, display information (charge hole position image 2c in the embodiment) relating to the determined construction information is added to the face information image data to generate face information update image data. Then, a face information update image 51, which is an image indicated by the face information update image data, is projected onto the second face surface 1c.

As a result, in addition to sharing the ground condition of the face, the construction worker can obtain construction information such as the position of the charge hole from the face information update image 51 projected on the second face surface 1c. can be visually recognized, it is possible to improve the efficiency of the construction work. In addition, for example, when workers alternate between the daytime session and the nighttime session, more accurate handover can be performed via the face information update image 51 .

In particular, by displaying the information on the position of the charge hole, it is possible to omit the work of marking the position of the charge hole by entering the face 1, so that the safety during the work can be further improved. It becomes possible. In addition, when performing the marking work, it is possible to perform the marking work while visually recognizing the information on the position of the charge hole, so that the efficiency of the marking work can be improved.

Furthermore, according to the face information display method according to the embodiment, as the face information image 50, auxiliary information such as characters, figures, symbols, etc. (in the embodiment, a character image 50E, an image including a marking image 50M) is displayed.

As a result, it is possible to easily grasp the status of display information to be noticed from the auxiliary information. In addition, for example, it is possible to clearly indicate locations where there is a risk of collapse, such as skin drops, and locations that should be considered during construction, such as spring locations. As a result, it is possible to draw the attention of the construction workers in clearly indicating the dangerous places, and it is possible to reduce the occurrence of accidents such as being involved in collapse accidents. In addition, specifying locations to be considered during construction is useful when determining construction information such as the number of charging holes, the positions of charging holes, and the amount of charging.

Furthermore, according to the face information display system 4 according to the embodiment, the control device 7 captures an area including the first face 1e, which is the exposed face of the ground of the face 1, with the digital camera DC. to acquire captured image data. The control device 7 generates face information image data including display information indicating the ground condition of the first face 1e based on the captured image data of the region including the first face 1e. A projector 5 projects a face information image 50, which is an image indicated by the face information image data generated by the control device 7, onto the second face 1c, which is the concrete surface after mirror spraying of concrete onto the first face 1e. do.
With this configuration, an effect equivalent to that of the face information display method described above can be obtained.

Furthermore, according to the tunnel construction method according to the embodiment, after the face information image 50 is projected onto the second face information image 1c by the above-described face information display method, the number of charged holes, the number of charged holes, and the number of charged holes are determined based on the projected face information image 50. Determine the hole position and charge amount. Next, display information of the determined charge hole position is added to the face information image data to generate face information update image data, and face information indicated by the generated face information update image data is displayed on the second face surface 1c. An updated image 51 is projected. Thereafter, charge holes 2 are drilled at the determined charge hole positions in the face 1 after the mirror blowing, and each drilled charge hole 2 is charged with the determined amount of explosive. Then, the loaded explosive is detonated to excavate.
As a result, an effect equivalent to that of the face information display method described above can be obtained.

(Modification)
In the above-described embodiment, the projector 5 is installed in the mobile lighting device 10, and the projector 5 is moved by the moving means of the mobile lighting device 10. However, the present invention is not limited to this configuration. For example, as shown in FIG. 9, a projector is installed in a drill jumbo 100 (under the cage 105 in the example of FIG. 9), a face information image is projected from the projector 5 installed in the drill jumbo 100, and the drill jumbo 100 The moving means may move the projector 5 . Moreover, it is good also as a structure which moves using not only a drill jumbo but another heavy machine, and it is good also as a structure which moves using not only a heavy machine but other moving means, such as a special moving means.

Further, in the above embodiment, the configuration is such that the photographed image of the first face surface 1e is projected, but the configuration is not limited to this. For example, based on the photographed image data of the first face 1e, as indicated by the dotted line in FIG. ) is generated. That is, an image is generated which consists of the outline of the first face surface 1e and the division lines (dotted lines in FIG. 10) that separate the distribution areas. This distribution line image is an image having the same distribution (positional relationship) as the distribution (positional relationship) of each component of the first face 1e. Then, a second face information image 52 is created by adding a character image 52E indicating the name and properties of each component and a marking image 52M for particularly indicating the spring water location and the fracture zone to the distribution line image. It may be configured to generate and project the generated second face information image 52 . In the example of FIG. 10, the marking is performed by highlighting the division line. It should be noted that each distribution area surrounded by the division line may be colored with a preset color (for example, a color corresponding to the ground condition, etc.) so that the ground condition of each distribution area can be understood from the color. Further, for example, if it is a dangerous place, it may be displayed in red or blinking.

Further, in the above-described embodiment, projection mapping technology is used to project the actual-size photographed image of the first face 1e onto the second face 1c, taking into consideration the actual positional relationship of each component. It was configured to be displayed by superimposing it perfectly. In FIG. 11, the second face 1c is used as a screen, and a rectangular screen including an image equivalent to the face information image 50 displayed on the display device 9 is used as a third face information image 53, for example. A configuration for direct projection is shown, but such a configuration is a reference embodiment.

Further, in the above-described embodiment, based on the charge hole position image 2c in the face information update image 51 displayed on the second face surface 1c, the drilling operation is performed directly on the displayed position. It is not limited to this configuration. For example, the projected charge hole position image 2c may be used as auxiliary information, and the marking operation may be performed while viewing this image. This makes it possible to reduce the labor of the marking work.

In the above embodiment, first, the face information image 50 is displayed, and then the face information update image 51 obtained by adding construction information such as the position of the charge hole to the face information image 50 is displayed on the second face 1c. , but the configuration is not limited to this. For example, an image containing only construction information may be displayed, or only arbitrarily selected construction information such as an image showing only the position of the charge hole may be displayed. Other display configurations may be used, such as arbitrarily switching and displaying the .

Further, in the above-described embodiment, a configuration in which a 3-chip DLP type projector is used as the projector 5 has been described as an example, but the configuration is not limited to this. Any other type of projector, such as a liquid crystal projector or a reflective type liquid crystal projector, may be employed as long as the system is suitable for use as projection mapping.

In the above embodiment, one projector is used to project the face information image.

Further, in the above embodiment, data is transmitted and received between the projector 5 and the laser rangefinder 6 and the control device 7 via the electric cable 19. A configuration for transmitting and receiving data may be employed.

Further, in the above-described embodiment, the region including the first face 1e is divided into a plurality of divided photographed images and photographed, and the plurality of divided photographed image data obtained by this photographing are panorama-synthesized to obtain the first image. The configuration is such that an image including the entire face 1e is generated. The configuration is not limited to this configuration, and a single captured image including the entire first face 1e may be captured according to the scale of the face.

In addition, in the above-described embodiment, the configuration is such that the first face 1e is photographed with the hand-held digital camera DC, but the configuration is not limited to this. For example, other configurations may be used, such as photographing by remotely controlling a digital camera attached to a heavy machine or photographing by remotely controlling a digital camera attached to the mobile lighting device 10 .

Further, in the above-described embodiment, based on the information of the distance D between the projector 5 and the second face 1c displayed on the display device 9, the mobile lighting device 10 is moved by remote control to project the projector 5. However, the configuration is not limited to this configuration. For example, the remote controller 18 may be provided with a display section and the information on the distance D may be displayed on the display section of the remote controller 18 . As a result, remote operation can be performed from a relatively free position without being restricted by the installation position of the display device 9, and the efficiency of moving work can be improved. Further, based on the information of the distance D measured by the laser rangefinder 6, the face information image data may be corrected so that the current distance D can be appropriately projected. As a result, the operator of the remote controller 18 only has to move the projector 5 to a rough position, and the efficiency of the moving work can be further improved.

In addition, in the above-described embodiment, the marking image 50M is used to clearly indicate a particularly noteworthy location such as a dangerous location or a spring location, but the present invention is not limited to this configuration. For example, a configuration may be adopted in which marking is directly performed on the second face surface 1c by spraying or the like.

Further, in the above-described embodiment, as the information indicating the condition of the natural ground, the configuration is such that the actual photographed image, the rock class, and the rock quality information are displayed, but the configuration is not limited to this. For example, the configuration may be such that other information such as travel and inclination information is also displayed. In addition, at the time of handing over the daytime and nighttime sessions, a configuration may be used in which comments that the successor wants to convey, such as many cracks and brittleness, are displayed.

Further, in the above-described embodiment, the display information indicating the rock class and rock quality is configured to display alphabets indicating evaluation criteria generally used for evaluating bedrock such as dams and tunnels, but the present invention is not limited to this configuration. . For example, if the rock is hard or soft, it may be configured to display character information describing the properties of the rock, such as extremely hard, hard, medium hard, slightly soft to hard, soft, and extremely soft.

Further, in the above-described embodiment, the case where the present invention is applied to the construction of a mountain tunnel has been described as an example, but it is not limited to a mountain tunnel. The invention may also be applied to other tunnels, such as (for example, subway tunnels).

Further, in the above embodiment, the tunnel is excavated by excavation by blasting. In this case, photographing of the first face plane, generation of face information image data, and projection of the face information image onto the second face plane are performed for each previously planned distance to be excavated at one time. Then, based on the face information image projected onto the second face surface, construction information such as excavation procedures for the next construction cycle is determined.

1 Face 1e First face 1c Second face 2 Charge hole 2c Charge hole position image 3 Tunnel 4 Face information display system 5 Projector 6 Laser rangefinder 7 Control device 8 Survey device 9 Display device 10 Mobile lighting Device 12 Front illumination lamp 13 Rear illumination lamp 14 Electric trolley 17 Wireless communication device 18 Remote controller 19 Electric cable 50 Face information images 50E, 52E Character images 50M, 52M Marking image 51 Face information update image 52 Second face information image

Claims (8)

A face photographing step of photographing, with a digital camera, an area including the entire first face surface, which is the exposed surface of the ground of the tunnel face;
Data of an image portion of the first face is extracted as face face image data from photographed image data of an area including the entire first face obtained by photographing with the digital camera, and the face face is extracted. a face information image data generating step of generating face information image data including a face image that is a photographed image of at least the entire first face on the basis of the image data;
a mirror blowing step of mirror blowing concrete onto the first face;
At least the face information image, which is the image indicated by the face information image data, is applied to the second face, which is the concrete surface after the mirror blowing, in the shape and size of the second face. and a face information image projection step of matching and projecting the first face face in full size ,
A face information display method , wherein the photographed image data is created by connecting a plurality of divided photographed images . A face photographing step of photographing, with a digital camera, an area including the entire first face surface, which is the exposed surface of the ground of the tunnel face;
Data of an image portion of the first face is extracted as face face image data from photographed image data of an area including the entire first face obtained by photographing with the digital camera, and the face face is extracted. a face information image data generating step of generating face information image data including a face image that is a photographed image of at least the entire first face on the basis of the image data;
a mirror blowing step of mirror blowing concrete onto the first face;
At least the face information image, which is the image indicated by the face information image data, is applied to the second face, which is the concrete surface after the mirror blowing, in the shape and size of the second face. and a face information image projection step of matching and projecting the first face face in full size,
A face information display method, wherein the face image data is extracted from the photographed image data by edge detection processing and pattern matching processing. A face photographing step of photographing, with a digital camera, an area including the entire first face surface, which is the exposed surface of the ground of the tunnel face;
Data of an image portion of the first face is extracted as face face image data from photographed image data of an area including the entire first face obtained by photographing with the digital camera, and the face face is extracted. a face information image data generating step of generating face information image data including a face image that is a photographed image of at least the entire first face on the basis of the image data;
a mirror blowing step of mirror blowing concrete onto the first face;
At least the face information image, which is the image indicated by the face information image data, is applied to the second face, which is the concrete surface after the mirror blowing, in the shape and size of the second face. A face information image projecting step of matching and projecting the first face face in full size;
a construction information determination step of determining construction information related to tunnel construction based on the face information image projected onto the second face surface;
A face information update image data generation step of adding display information related to the construction information determined in the construction information determination step to the face information image data to generate face information update image data;
and a face information update image projecting step of projecting a face information update image, which is an image indicated by the face information update image data, onto the second face surface. A face photographing step of photographing, with a digital camera, an area including the entire first face surface, which is the exposed surface of the ground of the tunnel face;
Based on photographed image data of an area including the entire first face obtained by photographing with the digital camera, an outline of the first face and components constituting the first face A face information image data generation step of generating face information image data including at least an image consisting of a division line separating the
a mirror blowing step of mirror blowing concrete onto the first face;
a face information image projecting step of projecting a face information image, which is an image indicated by the face information image data, onto a second face surface, which is the concrete surface after the mirror blowing;
a construction information determination step of determining construction information related to tunnel construction based on the face information image projected onto the second face surface;
A face information update image data generation step of adding display information related to the construction information determined in the construction information determination step to the face information image data to generate face information update image data;
and a face information update image projecting step of projecting a face information update image, which is an image indicated by the face information update image data, onto the second face surface . 5. The face information display method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , wherein the face information image includes auxiliary information that clearly indicates a display location of geologically noteworthy display information by characters, graphics, or symbols. a photographed image data acquisition unit for acquiring photographed image data obtained by photographing an area including the entire first face surface, which is an exposed surface of the ground of the tunnel face, with a digital camera;
Data of an image portion of the first face is extracted as face image data from the photographed image data of the region including the entire first face obtained by the photographed image data obtaining unit, and the face image data is extracted. a face information image data generation unit that generates face information image data including at least a face image that is a photographed image of the entire first face, based on;
A face information image, which is an image indicated by the face information image data generated by the face information image data generation unit, is displayed on the second face, which is the surface of the concrete after mirror spraying of the concrete on the first face. a face information image projection unit that matches the face image with the shape and size of the second face and projects it in the actual size of the first face ,
The face information display system , wherein the face information image data generating unit creates the photographed image data by connecting a plurality of divided photographed images . a photographed image data acquisition unit for acquiring photographed image data obtained by photographing an area including the entire first face surface, which is an exposed surface of the ground of the tunnel face, with a digital camera;
Data of an image portion of the first face is extracted as face image data from the photographed image data of the region including the entire first face obtained by the photographed image data obtaining unit, and the face image data is extracted. a face information image data generation unit that generates face information image data including at least a face image that is a photographed image of the entire first face, based on;
A face information image, which is an image indicated by the face information image data generated by the face information image data generation unit, is displayed on the second face, which is the surface of the concrete after mirror spraying of the concrete on the first face. a face information image projection unit that matches the face image with the shape and size of the second face and projects it in the actual size of the first face,
The face information display system, wherein the face information image data generator extracts the face information image data from the photographed image data by edge detection processing and pattern matching processing. A face photographing step of photographing an area including the entire first face surface, which is an exposed surface of the tunnel face, with a digital camera;
Data of an image portion of the first face is extracted as face face image data from photographed image data of an area including the entire first face obtained by photographing with the digital camera, and the face face is extracted. a face information image data generating step of generating face information image data including a face image that is a photographed image of at least the entire first face on the basis of the image data;
a mirror blowing step of mirror blowing concrete onto the first face;
The face image of the face information image , which is the image indicated by the face information image data, is placed on the second face, which is the surface of the concrete after the mirror blowing, on the shape and size of the second face. A face information image projection step of projecting the first face face in full size in accordance with the
a charging information determination step of determining the number of charging holes, the positions of charging holes, and the amount of charging based on the face information image projected onto the second face;
a face information update image data generation step of generating face information update image data by adding the display information of the charge hole position determined in the charge information determination step to the face information image data;
A face information update image projecting step of projecting a face information update image, which is an image indicated by the face information update image data, onto the second face surface;
a drilling step of drilling a charge hole at the charge hole position determined in the charge information determination step in the tunnel face after the mirror blowing;
a loading step of loading an explosive having the charge amount determined in the charge information determination step into each of the drilled charge holes;
and an excavation step of excavating by detonating the charged explosive.

Images