JP2018143166A - Cutting device of raw oyster shell, and oyster peeling method of raw oyster shell cut by cutting device - Google Patents
Cutting device of raw oyster shell, and oyster peeling method of raw oyster shell cut by cutting device Download PDFInfo
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本発明は、生カキ殻の切断装置及びこの切断装置で切断した生カキ殻のカキ剥き方法に関するものである。養殖又は自然のカキは、水揚げした後、一部を除いて生カキ殻(中に生きたカキがいる状態の殻)から身を取り出して(カキ剥きして)出荷される。カキの殻は貝柱(閉殻筋)と靭帯(蝶番)の強力な力で非常に硬く閉じていてナイフを殻の隙間に差し込んで少々こじた位では開かない。先が細く尖がって内側に湾曲したカキ打ち器具でトントンと叩きながら殻に孔を開け、そのままカキ打ち器具を殻の中に深く差し込んで貝柱を切断して開殻し、中の身を取り出してしていた。この作業は熟練と力を要する上にかなりの時間がかかっていた。 The present invention relates to a raw oyster shell cutting device and a method for stripping raw oyster shells cut by this cutting device. Cultured or natural oysters are landed and then removed from the raw oyster shells (shells with live oysters inside), and then shipped. The oyster shell closes very hard with the powerful force of the scallop (closed shell muscle) and ligament (hinge), and the knife does not open a little when it is inserted into the gap between the shells. Make a hole in the shell while tapping with an oystering tool that has a sharp point and bends inward, and insert the oystering tool deeply into the shell, cut the scallop and open the shell, I was taking it out. This work required skill and power and took a considerable amount of time.
ところが、最盛期には多くのカキが水揚げされるから、近年の人手不足で人手が足らなかつたり、作業に不慣れで処理が追いつかなかったりしていた。そこで、これらの作業を機械化する試みがなされている。ただ、生カキをコンベアで搬送し、これを自動で開殻やカキ剥きをすることはカキの形状や大きさが様々であることもあってうまくゆかなかった。このため、せいぜいが殻を開く開殻程度であるが、開殻といっても自動で殻をこじあけたり、貝柱を切断したりすることは前記と同様な理由でなかなかうまくゆかない。 However, since many oysters were landed during the heyday, there was a shortage of manpower due to the recent shortage of manpower, and the processing was not catching up because of being unfamiliar with the work. Therefore, attempts have been made to mechanize these operations. However, carrying raw oysters on a conveyor and automatically peeling them off or peeling them off was not successful due to the various shapes and sizes of oysters. For this reason, it is at most about an open shell that opens the shell, but even if it is said to be an open shell, it is quite difficult to pry the shell automatically or cut the scallop for the same reason as described above.
下記特許文献1には、二枚の刃でカキの先端部を切断し、しかる後にナイフ様器具で貝柱を切断して身を取り出すのがものが示されている。しかし、この先行例のものは、二枚の刃を水平(左右)に開閉させるとあり、このとき、カキ殻は手で持った状態で空中に支えていなければならず非常に安定が悪い。このため、切断位置や切断方向が一定になり難く、後の取り扱いに難渋していた。また、身を切断しないとあるが、身の存在しない極めて端を切断するとすれば、切断孔が小さすぎて器具が入らないこともある。 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-228561 shows that the tip of an oyster is cut with two blades, and then the scallop is cut with a knife-like instrument to take out the body. However, in the preceding example, two blades are opened and closed horizontally (left and right), and at this time, the oyster shell must be held in the air while being held by hand, and is very unstable. For this reason, the cutting position and cutting direction are difficult to be constant, and it is difficult to handle later. Moreover, although there is a case where the body is not cut, if the extremely end where the body does not exist is cut, the cutting hole is too small and the instrument may not enter.
本発明が解決しようとする課題は、カキ殻の切断において、切断時のカキ殻を水平に近い状態で置いて姿勢を安定させて正確な位置で切断できるようにするとともに、靭帯とは反対側の先端を切断して不用意に開殻しないようにしたものである。 The problem to be solved by the present invention is that in the cutting of oyster shell, the oyster shell at the time of cutting is placed in a nearly horizontal state so that the posture can be stabilized and cut at an accurate position, and on the side opposite to the ligament The tip is cut so as not to inadvertently open the shell.
以上の課題の下、本発明は、請求項1に記載した、刃先が上に向く下刃の手前にカキ殻置き台を略水平に取り付け、カキ殻置き台にカキ殻の反靭帯側の先端が下刃の上に載るようにカキ殻を置くとともに、刃先が下に向く上刃を下刃まで下降機構で自動的に下降させてカキ殻を切断することを特徴とする生カキ殻の切断装置を提供するとともに、これにおいて、請求項2に記載した、上刃が下に凸、下刃が上に凹の形状の形状をしている手段、請求項3に記載した、下降機構が油・空圧シリンダ、電動シリンダ、リニアモータ、ピストン・クランクのいずれか又は複数の機構を駆動源とする手段を提供する。 Under the above-described problems, the present invention provides a oyster shell stand that is mounted substantially horizontally in front of the lower blade with the blade tip facing upward, and the tip of the oyster shell on the anti-ligament side of the oyster shell. Cutting the raw oyster shell by placing the oyster shell so that the blade rests on the lower blade and cutting the oyster shell by automatically lowering the upper blade with the blade tip facing down to the lower blade with the lowering mechanism A device is provided, in which the upper blade has a convex shape downward and the lower blade has a concave shape, and the lowering mechanism is an oil. Provided means for driving a pneumatic cylinder, electric cylinder, linear motor, piston / crank, or a plurality of mechanisms.
また、本発明は、これにおいて、請求項4に記載した、上記いずれかの生カキ殻の切断装置で切断した生カキ殻を搬送又は堆積する第1次作業と、第1次作業が終了した生カキ殻からカキ剥きを行う第2次作業とからなる生カキのカキ剥き方法を提供する。 Further, in the present invention, the primary work for conveying or depositing the raw oyster shells cut by any one of the above-described raw oyster shell cutting devices described in claim 4 and the primary work are completed. There is provided a method for oystering raw oysters, comprising a second operation of peeling oysters from raw oyster shells.
請求項1の発明によると、カキ殻の切断に際して上刃は下刃に対して上下運動をするものであるから、略水平な殻置き台を設けておけば、これに載せておけばよく、手で持つ必要はない。したがって、殻の姿勢が安定し、正確な位置を切断することができる。請求項4の発明によれば上刃、下刃ともにその形状によつて中心への調芯作用が働き、切断時の安定と切れ味が増す。 According to the invention of claim 1, since the upper blade moves up and down with respect to the lower blade when cutting the oyster shell, if a substantially horizontal shell rest is provided, it may be placed on this, There is no need to hold it by hand. Therefore, the posture of the shell is stabilized and the accurate position can be cut. According to the invention of claim 4, the centering action to the center works by the shape of both the upper blade and the lower blade, and the stability and sharpness at the time of cutting increase.
一方で、カキ剥きで一番熟練を要するのは開殻であるから、これが少しの訓練で誰でもできるとなると、人の確保も容易であり、多くの量のカキ剥きができる。そこで、請求項
4の発明のように、第1次作業と第2次作業に分ければ、開殻がスビードアップし、結果としてカキ剥きの能率が上がる。発明者の試算によれば、カキ剥き全体が半分近くの人員で倍のスビードになるということである。
On the other hand, since it is the open shell that requires the most skill in stripping oysters, if anyone can do this with a little training, it is easy to secure people and can strip large amounts of oysters. Then, if it divides | segments into a 1st operation | work and a 2nd operation | work like invention of Claim 4, an open shell will speed up and the efficiency of oyster stripping will increase as a result. According to the inventor's estimate, the entire oyster stripping is doubled with nearly half the staff.
以下、本発明の実施の形態を図面を参照して説明する。図1は本発明の生カキ殻の切断装置の側面図、図2は同じく正面図、図3は図1のA―A断面図であるが、この切断装置は、ベース1の上にコラム2を立設し、コラム2の前面(手前側をいう、以下同じ)にガイドレール3を添設し、ガイドレール3の前面にスライダー4をスライド可能に嵌合するとともに、スライダー4の前面に面板5を貼設し、面板5の下端に刃先を下に向けた上刃6を取り付ける。上刃6の下にはベース1に置設されるL字脚7に取り付けられる刃先を上に向けた下刃8を取り付ける。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. 1 is a side view of the raw oyster shell cutting device of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a front view of the same, and FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG. The guide rail 3 is attached to the front surface of the column 2 (referred to as the front side, hereinafter the same), the slider 4 is slidably fitted to the front surface of the guide rail 3, and the face plate is mounted on the front surface of the slider 4. 5 is affixed, and the upper blade 6 with the blade tip facing downward is attached to the lower end of the face plate 5. A lower blade 8 is attached below the upper blade 6 with the blade tip attached to the L-shaped leg 7 placed on the base 1 facing upward.
上刃6は下降(昇降)して下刃8とで物を切断するが、このとき、上刃6の昇降経路には二通りある。一つは、図示のように上刃6を下刃8に対してすれ違うように下降させることで、鋏のような作用で切断するものである。このとき上刃6は下刃8の後方を降りるようにしている。他の一つは、上刃6を下刃8に対して同一平面で突き合わせるように下降させることであり、これは切断というよりも破砕に近いやり方である。上刃6や下刃8はカキの殻を切断することから、切断幅以上の幅を必要とするが、このとき、下刃8は上に凹、上刃6は下に凸の形状にするのが好ましい。 The upper blade 6 descends (lifts and lowers) and cuts an object with the lower blade 8. At this time, there are two ways of raising and lowering the upper blade 6. One is to lower the upper blade 6 so as to pass the lower blade 8 as shown in the figure, and to cut by an action like a scissors. At this time, the upper blade 6 descends behind the lower blade 8. The other is to lower the upper blade 6 so as to abut against the lower blade 8 in the same plane, which is closer to crushing than cutting. Since the upper blade 6 and the lower blade 8 cut the oyster shell, the upper blade 6 and the lower blade 8 need a width larger than the cutting width. At this time, the lower blade 8 is concave upward, and the upper blade 6 is convex downward. Is preferred.
下刃8の手前側には底板9aと側板9bとで断面がコ字形をした殻置き台9を設ける。設置の方法は、底板9aの下に略L字形をした取付板10を取り付け、その縦の部分を下刃8等にボルト止めしておけばよい。このとき、殻置き台9は略水平の姿勢で設置し、底板9aの前端の上面が下刃8の凹の中心に一致するようにする。 A shell stand 9 having a U-shaped cross section with a bottom plate 9a and a side plate 9b is provided on the front side of the lower blade 8. As for the installation method, a substantially L-shaped attachment plate 10 is attached below the bottom plate 9a, and the vertical portion thereof is bolted to the lower blade 8 or the like. At this time, the shell rest 9 is installed in a substantially horizontal posture so that the upper surface of the front end of the bottom plate 9 a coincides with the concave center of the lower blade 8.
上刃6の昇降は下降機構11で自動的に昇降させる。下降機構11はどのような構造でもよいが、例えば、図1等に示す油・空圧シリンダ12 によるものが考えられる。具体的には、コラム2の上部にアーム13 を前方に突出させ、これに油・空圧シリンダ12のヘッド側端をピン14で枢着して吊支する。そして、上刃6の上方辺りの面板5にブラケット15を突出させ、これに油・空圧シリンダ12のロッド12aをピン16で連結する。これにより、油・空圧シリンダ12を伸縮させると上刃6は昇降する。なお、油・空圧シリンダ12は一例であり、この他に電動シリンダ、リニアモータ、ピストン・クランク機構等が考えられる。 The upper blade 6 is raised and lowered automatically by the lowering mechanism 11. The lowering mechanism 11 may have any structure. For example, a mechanism using an oil / pneumatic cylinder 12 shown in FIG. Specifically, an arm 13 is projected forward from the upper portion of the column 2, and the head side end of the oil / pneumatic cylinder 12 is pivotally supported by a pin 14 and suspended. Then, the bracket 15 is protruded from the face plate 5 near the upper edge of the upper blade 6, and the rod 12 a of the oil / pneumatic cylinder 12 is connected to this by a pin 16. Accordingly, when the oil / pneumatic cylinder 12 is expanded and contracted, the upper blade 6 moves up and down. The oil / pneumatic cylinder 12 is an example, and other than this, an electric cylinder, a linear motor, a piston / crank mechanism, and the like are conceivable.
次に、以上の切断装置でカキ殻17を切断する場合について説明する。カキ殻17は周知の形状をしているが、底が深い身殻17aに対して比較的平らな蓋殻17bが蓋をしてい
る二枚貝である。そして、先が細くて尖がっている方(殻頂17cという)に靭帯(蝶番)が付いている。反対側は幅広で比較的平坦になっており、こちら側の端に外套膜が内臓の覆いのように存在している。そこで、幅広の方を向うに向けて殻置き台9の上に置く。このとき、下刃8の上面の向こう端のラインが切断ラインとなるが、あまり切断深さを深くしない方が望ましい。しかし、あまり浅くては開殻するのに十分な幅・大きさとならないから、バランスのよい位置にするが、経験で容易に習得できる。
Next, the case where the oyster shell 17 is cut by the above cutting apparatus will be described. Although the oyster shell 17 has a well-known shape, it is a bivalve shell with a relatively flat lid shell 17b covering the deep shell 17a. A ligament (hinge) is attached to the pointed tip (shell crest 17c). The opposite side is wide and relatively flat, and the mantle is present at the end of the side like a visceral covering. Then, it puts on the shell stand 9 toward the wide direction. At this time, the line at the other end of the upper surface of the lower blade 8 becomes the cutting line, but it is desirable that the cutting depth is not so deep. However, if it is too shallow, it will not be wide enough to open the shell, so it will be in a well-balanced position, but it can be easily learned by experience.
切断時、切断ラインは身の部分にかかり、身を切断する畏れがあるが、これを生カキの外套膜が防ぐことがある。外套膜は厚み0.1mm以下の二枚になった薄いものであるが、身との間を容易に動く(滑る)ものである。そこで、上刃6と下刃8を工夫することで、身が切断されるのを防ぐことができる。図4の上刃6と下刃8が凹凸形状をして鋏式の刃の例で説明すると、両刃6、8の隙間Rと重合代Sを適正に設定することでそれが可能である。具体的には隙間Sと重合代Rともにごく小さいものにする。 At the time of cutting, the cutting line is applied to the body part, and there is a fear of cutting the body, but this may be prevented by the mantle of the raw oyster. The mantle is a thin one with a thickness of 0.1 mm or less, but it easily moves (slides) between itself. Therefore, the upper blade 6 and the lower blade 8 can be devised to prevent the body from being cut. If the upper blade 6 and the lower blade 8 in FIG. 4 have an uneven shape and will be described as an example of a scissors-type blade, this can be achieved by appropriately setting the gap R and the overlap margin S between the two blades 6 and 8. Specifically, both the gap S and the polymerization allowance R are very small.
隙間Rについては、0.2mm以上あれば、両刃6、8がすれ違ったとき裏表の二枚ずつの外套膜は切断されずに折り重なった都合4枚が両刃6、8の間に挟まり、身を切断ラインの外に押し出して切断されないことがある。重合代Sについては、切断といっても厳密には破砕することであるから、少なくとも重合し始めるまで接近させれば十分である。この点は両刃6、8が突き合わさる形式の刃でも同じである。したがって、両刃6、8とも先鋭にする必要はなく角形でよい。 When the gap R is 0.2 mm or more, when the blades 6 and 8 pass each other, the two outer coats on the front and back are folded without being cut, and the four blades 6 and 8 are sandwiched between the blades 6 and 8, It may not be cut by being pushed out of the cutting line. Strictly speaking, the polymerization allowance S is to be crushed, so it is sufficient that the polymerization allowance S is at least close to the start of polymerization. This point is the same for a blade of the type in which the two blades 6 and 8 face each other. Therefore, both the blades 6 and 8 do not need to be sharp and may be square.
以上、要するに、カキ殻17を殻置き台9の所定の位置に置き、油・空圧シリンダ12を始動底板させれば上刃6が下降してカキ殻17を適正に切断する。このとき、カキ殻17は下に底板9aかあってほぼ水平に置かれるから、姿勢が安定して切断時も単に上から押さえておくだけでよい。。なお、両刃6、8を上記した凹凸に形成しておけば、その調芯作用でカキ殻17は中心に寄り、切断はより安定する。カキ殻17を切断した後は切断個所に穴が開いているから、ここから所定の切断具を挿入して貝柱17dを切断してカキ殻17を開けば、身は容易に取り出せる。 In short, in short, when the oyster shell 17 is placed at a predetermined position of the shell holder 9 and the oil / pneumatic cylinder 12 is started, the upper blade 6 descends and the oyster shell 17 is appropriately cut. At this time, the oyster shell 17 is placed almost horizontally with the bottom plate 9a underneath, so that the posture is stable and it is only necessary to hold it from the top during cutting. . In addition, if both the blades 6 and 8 are formed in the above-mentioned unevenness | corrugation, the oyster shell 17 will approach the center by the aligning action, and a cutting | disconnection will be stabilized more. After the oyster shell 17 is cut, a hole is opened at the cutting point. If a predetermined cutting tool is inserted from here to cut the scallop 17d and the oyster shell 17 is opened, the body can be easily taken out.
以上のカキ殻17の切断だけは1分もかからないから、少なく見積もっても、一人で一時間当たり3,000個、1日当たり2万個は可能である。これで開殻された殻を手分けしてカキ剥きをすればよいから、3人もおれば1日2万個はできる。従来は各人がすべてのカキ剥き工程を作業しており、1人2,000個、6人(4人では少ない)で1万個がせいぜいであった。つまり、4人位がチームを組み、一人がこの切断をしてコンベア等で搬送し(第1次作業)、残りが殻剥き(第2次作業)とするように分業制にすれば、個数にして2倍、人数にして1.5〜2倍の能率が上がる。 Since only the above-described cutting of the oyster shell 17 does not take a minute, even if it is estimated to be small, 3,000 per hour and 20,000 per day are possible. With this, you can divide the open shells by hand and peel off the oysters. In the past, each person was working on all the oyster stripping processes, with 2,000 pieces per person and 6 people (less than four people), at most 10,000 pieces. In other words, if four people form a team, one person cuts and transports it on a conveyor etc. (primary work), and the rest is shelled (secondary work), the number of labor will be reduced. The efficiency is doubled and 1.5 to 2 times the number of people.
1 べース
2 コラム
3 ガイドレール
4 スライダー
5 面板
6 上刃
7 L字脚
8 下刃
9 カキ殻置き台
9a 〃 の底板
9b 〃 の側板
10 取付板
11 下降機構
12 油・空圧シリンダ
12a 〃 のロッド
13 アーム
14 ピン
15 ブラケット
16 ピン
17 カキ殻
17a 身殻
17b 蓋殻
17c 殻頂
17d 貝柱
1 Base 2 Column 3 Guide rail 4 Slider 5 Face plate
6 Upper blade 7 L-shaped leg 8 Lower blade 9 Oyster shell stand 9a 板 bottom plate
9b 側 side plate 10 mounting plate 11 lowering mechanism 12 oil / pneumatic cylinder 12a ロ ッ ド rod 13 arm 14 pin 15 bracket 16 pin 17 oyster shell 17a shell 17b lid shell 17c shell top 17d shell column
Claims (4)
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KR20230001706A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2023-01-05 | 장사영 | oyster shells opener |
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CN109864127A (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2019-06-11 | 江谷风 | One seed oyster opens housing apparatus automatically |
CN109864127B (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2024-01-30 | 江谷风 | Automatic oyster shell opening device |
KR20230001706A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2023-01-05 | 장사영 | oyster shells opener |
KR102588447B1 (en) | 2021-06-29 | 2023-10-12 | 장사영 | oyster shells opener |
CN113575477A (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2021-11-02 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 | Pearl oyster shell cutting system |
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