JP2018074987A - Potted plant cultivation without watering - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide cultivation methods in which watering is not required to save labor and in which cultivation soil mixed into a liquid phase appropriate for various species is selected.SOLUTION: A cultivation method in which a liquid phase of a cultivation soil mixed with Akadama, leaf mold, zeolite, or pumice is prepared for bottom irrigation comprises storing water in a fitting tank 3 which is used as a placing table under a cultivation container 1, has a structure in which rain is dropped from the cultivation soil to be stored in the tank in the outdoors, the method supplying water by capillarity by fixing a water absorbing string C, which is a cylindrically rolled micro cloth A with good water absorbency on which a head portion B is attached, on the bottom of the cultivation container 1.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention is a method for performing pot plant cultivation of various kinds of flowers, trees, fruit trees, etc. without watering in pot plant cultivation as in the case of ground plant cultivation. Use culture soil for bottom irrigation suitable for cultivation of flowers, trees, fruit trees, vegetables, etc., and place it in a large tank or bucket type container that also serves as a saucer by forming a water absorbent string of micro cloth with good water absorption Numerous varieties are cultivated by sucking water up to the culture soil at a high position without loss due to evaporation during the process.

Bottom irrigated cultivation is used for growing cyclamen and poinsettia in Japan. This is because the water that flows under the cultivation container is sucked up by the capillaries of the water-absorbing string, and the culture soil uses peat moss, but the peat moss is about 37% in the liquid phase, and root rot occurs in many varieties and can be cultivated with peat moss. Is limited. In addition, a bottom irrigation product named the German Playmobil Reuters is on sale, but this is only for foliage plant cultivation, and it is cultivated by sucking up little water with a low water absorption zero light named Clay To do. The cultivation container is also a large container, and there is no countermeasure for root intrusion into the lower tank. In Japan, a bottom irrigation container dedicated to vegetables from an apple manufacturer is sold, but there is no regulation of cultivation culture soil, and it is up to you to cultivate and there is no countermeasure against roots entering the tank.

Aichi Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station Potted soil culture and moisture management

Actual application 1

Actual application 2015-1236

In bottom irrigation pot planting cultivation, it is a challenge to cultivate various varieties and suitable for various types by labor-saving cultivation without watering like land planting, but in cyclamen cultivation, peat moss proper culture soil has been used as good However, in the initial planting of the cultivation container, the liquid phase is low and in good condition. When it grew and the roots reached the bottom, it became root rot due to excessive moisture. In a shallow container, root hairs extend from the drain hole of the cultivation container and soak into the tank water, resulting in root rot. In the winter season, cultivars that grow in the warmer regions may freeze the soil in the culture soil and the tank, and root rot may occur. Therefore, a system for performing pot planting without watering is overcome.

So far, in cyclamen cultivation, the liquid phase at the bottom of the cultivation container is 35% -37% in the culture soil of peat moss, and the liquid phase is lowered due to the attraction at the top of the cultivation container, but the gas phase is always over 55%. Regardless, root rot occurred in many varieties. The appropriate three phases of the culture soil have been 30% liquid phase, 30% gas phase, and 40% solid phase, but it can be confirmed that even if the gas phase is 55%, the liquid phase is 35% -37 and it becomes overhumid. The standard cultivated soil for cultivating various varieties is appropriate: 70% small red corn and 30% humus, which are said to be universal in Japan, and cultivate many varieties. However, with 70% red cereal grains and 30% humus, the saturated liquid phase is 32%. Therefore, to reduce the liquid phase by 1-2%, 50% red pearl grains, 30% humus soil, 20% zeolite and small pumice stones. When mixed, the liquid phase is about 30% and the gas phase is about 50% in a water-containing state, suitable for the cultivation of many types of bottom irrigation, and many varieties, vegetables, fruit trees, and flower cultivation in test cultivation. It was confirmed that good cultivating results were obtained without root rot. Also, if the container is shallow, the root hairs will grow into the tank and become root rot, so a root impermeable sheet of about 6mm is attached to the bottom of the cultivation container, and the root is blocked inside the cultivation container, so that only rain and watering water If the diameter of the water-absorbing string is 1cm-2cm and the cloth is wound up in the tank, the weight of the cloth wrapped around the head of the water-absorbing string is 3g when dried, and about 1cm at a diameter of 2cm. If it becomes 15 cm, it will be about 10 g. At a diameter of 1 cm, the suction distance of 1 cm is about 14 g, and when it is 10 cm, it is about 11 g. Thus, it can be seen that there is little loss in the middle of the micro cloth. It was confirmed that the liquid phase of the head always became high, and water moved from a high potential to a low potential in the culture soil of about 30% of the liquid phase, so that the culture soil at the bottom was always kept in the saturated liquid phase. Also, by setting the tank depth and the water absorption string to the same length, all the water and rain that have flowed to the bottom can be sucked up by the capillary of the water absorption string and used again for bottom irrigation cultivation. At first, plenty of water to irrigate will become adsorbed water to the soil particles as capillary suspension water, plants will grow by sucking up the adsorbed water, and eventually the roots will have a high liquid phase avoiding the culture soil that dries from the surface part by evaporation Grows toward the bottom. The water-absorbing string is formed by rounding a micro cloth or cotton cloth tightly, forming a cylindrical shape, winding self-fusing tape so that the tape wrapped around the outer circumference does not get wet and peel off, and the head winds the micro cloth further circularly Since it is put on the water of the tank from the water-absorbing string hole that has the same diameter as the water-absorbing string that is formed by covering with 1 mm of the root-permeable water-permeable sheet and opened in the center of the cultivation container, flowers, trees, fruit trees, and vegetables are not necessary for watering. It grows big, blooms, bears fruit and eats vegetables. In this invention, the fertilizer is not regulated, and the cultivation test is performed only with water. Moreover, it was investigated whether bottom irrigation could be supplied to the upper part of the culture soil of a cultivation container about 50 cm in bottom irrigation. Sucked water inside the culture soil also moves between the particles of the culture soil, but it moves very slowly in the dry culture soil, and when it gets wet, the culture soil mainly composed of red jade soil contacts each other and is contained inside It was confirmed that the water was pulled upward by the surface tension due to the binding of the water and the capillary water rose up to a height of about 50 cm of the cultivation container. As for the confirmation method, when dry Kanuma soil is placed on the surface of 50 cm of wet soil, the water will be pulled up from below and the Kanuma soil will be moistened. It is confirmed that it can be lifted up from the tank as it gets wet and the amount of water in the tank decreases. In addition, the water at the position of the culture soil where the liquid phase is lowered by evaporation from the surface part or transpiration of the plant to be planted is pulled up, and the root extending below 20 cm of the cultivation container is a support root, and root hair that absorbs water and air Rather, the roots extend downward in search of high liquid phase water, but rarely get entangled with the 1 mm root-permeable water-permeable sheet at the head of the water-absorbing string. In winter cultivation, there is little growth, no irrigation is required, and the culture soil and tank water are frozen outdoors, so in test cultivation there is little root rot in trees and fruit trees that grow in Japan, but some varieties that root rot in warm perennials is there. For this reason, it is prevented by heating indoors. In winter, irrigation is reduced and water or rain collected in the tank from the drain hole provided at the bottom of the tank can be removed by removing the bottom cap and draining to the ground, emptying the tank and growing it as a structure that can be cultivated only by rain or top irrigation it can. There are many varieties that can be continuously cultivated in warm indoors. If heated, phalaenopsis orchid, cattleya and saintpaulia can be grown over the winter in standard culture soil of red jade soil. In addition, in cultivating peaches with bottom irrigation, it was also possible to harvest sweet fruits by fixing about 3 cm of absorbent string diameter to the bottom using a 50 cm cultivation container with standard culture soil. In addition, in the case of bottom irrigation, the roots are filled in the culture soil in the cultivation of trees and fruit trees, so there are cases where root cutting and replanting of the ancient Japanese bonsai cultivation method is required depending on the variety. The system is a built-in type, but the tank on the female side can be made of concrete, PVC, polypropylene, glass, tinplate, earthenware, or a box-type or bucket-type. As shown in FIG. 4, the male-side cultivation container is fitted into a female tank, and the bottom of the cultivation container is formed to stop at the top of the tank, and water is poured into the bottom of the tank to be used.

This bottom irrigation multi-variety cultivation method can be used from large flower beds to small cultivation equipment. If the depth of the container is increased to about 50 cm, trees and fruit trees can be cultivated. By storing rain that falls outside in a large tank, labor-saving cultivation is further possible, and watering is effective in outdoor cultivation and sales. Fit the cultivation container into the tank and adjust the height according to the diameter of the fitting hole of the tank, lift the cultivation container, put water into the cavity of the lower tank, lift it up and you can also check the moisture content, but Saffania and Petunina, It is necessary to grow large varieties such as chrysanthemums by growing the tank, but in orchids with low transpiration, water can be cultivated in a small tank with little uptake. This bottom irrigation cultivation method allows hydroponic cultivation of solid medium, so it is possible to cultivate not only vegetables but also varieties such as root vegetables, and it is also possible to cultivate staple foods such as potatoes. Is possible. In addition, if it is made large, it is possible to provide a peaceful place like a park inside the building, and if the temperature is adjusted with an air conditioner and managed by lighting of hydroponics instead of sunlight, etc., plants of any season Cultivation is possible and the unit price can be stabilized. In addition, the seedlings and cuttings that are carried out in the spring and fall are moisturized by covering the cultivation container itself, improving the germination, cuttings, and bulb growth rate, the bulbs that are grown indoors grow larger and bloom in the spring, It is also possible to sell by fun cultivation and cute cultivation containers and tanks without leaving watering, and leave it without leaving watering, especially the two-flowered grass with two flowers blooming together. It seems to be the best for the gift, and if you place it by the window, the unexpected bulbs will bloom, the seeds will grow and the flowers will bloom, so you can enjoy what is in bloom without the hassle and can plant together Yes, you can enjoy bonsai without any hassle. In cultivation, it has the function of draining the tank and cultivating only with top irrigation as a pedestal that also serves as a tray, but it is difficult to cultivate warm cultivars in Japan over the winter, and it is transferred to a heated indoor space for bottom irrigation cultivation .

Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a front perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention, which is an example of a cultivation system that is inset type planter type. Combine 1 tank for the male side and 3 tanks for the female side to open the G water absorption string hole at the bottom of the 1 culture container and fix the 4 water absorption string. The size and depth of one cultivation container are adjusted according to the variety to be cultivated, and the thickness and number of the four water absorbing strings are changed and fixed. Since the water that is fully irrigated in the initial stage moves at the bottom, there is little need to fix the four water absorbent strings. The four water-absorbing strings have a cylindrical shape, and the G water-absorbing string hole at the bottom of one cultivation container does not have a gap and fits tightly, and the root is blocked inside the cultivation container by the 6-root water-permeable sheet 6 mm. The depth of the three tanks that are also used as the receiving tray is about 10cm-15cm, and the length of the water-absorbing string body is 10-15cm. The self-fusing tape is wrapped around the water-absorbing string. However, the material of the four water-absorbing strings has a problem in durability, and the water-absorbing string needs to be replaced after a long time. The shape of the four water-absorbing strings is shown in FIG. Although the root growth is not the same depending on the variety, the root is blocked by the 6 root water-permeable sheet 6 mm, and the root rot where the root hair enters the tank from the F drain hole can be prevented. Rain that falls out from the F drain hole of 1 cultivation container and water to be irrigated should fall from the 6-root water-permeable sheet 6 mm to the tank. Since the tank overflows when there is a lot of rain depending on the season, 7 rain drain holes are provided in the upper part of the tank, and the diameter and number of the 4 water supply strings are fixed according to the size and depth of the container. The larger the bottom area is, the more the number is increased and the amount of water supply is increased. The 6-root water-permeable sheet 6 mm is attached to the bottom so that one cultivation container can be lifted from 3 tanks and water can be supplied. Further, a 9 water drain cap is provided at the bottom of the tank for stopping the bottom irrigation and draining the water for cleaning, and the tank can also be used as a water drain tray.

FIG. 1 is a system diagram of a front perspective view of a built-in planter type. FIG. 2 is a front view of the water absorbent string. FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of the bottom of the cultivation container as seen from the top of the cultivation container. FIG. 4 is an example of use of a system in which a cultivation container is fitted in various shaped tanks. FIG. 5 shows an example of a fitting system in which a lid is bonded to a tank.

1 cultivation container, 2 mixed culture soil 3 tank 4 water supply string 5 water 6 root-impervious sheet 6 mm 7 rain drain hole 8 fitting hole 9 water drain cap A microcloth B water supply string head C water supply string body part D shield Root water-permeable sheet 1 mm E Self-adhesive tape F Water drain hole G Water absorption string hole H bulb I lid

Claims (6)

The culture soil is mixed by adjusting the liquid phase according to the dry and wet cultivation conditions, etc., but the bottom irrigated cultivation suitable for the variety is performed according to the size of the cultivation container and the number of water-absorbing strings. The standard culture soil has a saturated liquid phase of about 30%, and the gas phase is about 50%, so it is suitable for many varieties. For varieties suitable for dry and humid regions, the liquid phase is adjusted and cultivated. Liquid phase adjusted bottom irrigation cultivation method. The water-absorbing string is made of a microcloth or cotton cloth that absorbs water tightly and is formed into a cylindrical shape, and a water-resistant self-adhesive tape is wound around the outer periphery, and the head is made into a spherical shape by further winding the microcloth into a cylindrical shape. Cover with 1mm root water-permeable sheet and wrap with self-adhesive tape so that the roots do not get entangled, but by fixing the head to the water absorption string hole at the bottom of the cultivation container, water is sucked up from a deep tank without evaporation on the way The culture soil with a liquid phase of about 30% is in contact with the head of the high liquid phase water-absorbing string, and the culture soil bottom is always about 30% of the saturated liquid phase by moving from a high position to a low position according to the principle of water potential. To. Bottom irrigation cultivation system that can secure about 50% of gas phase The cultivation container and the tank are formed in a fit type, and the male shaped cultivation container is fitted into the female shaped tank for use. Lay the roots of the planting container with 6mm of a root-permeable water-permeable sheet so that the roots of the plant to be planted extend from the drain hole at the bottom to the tank, and drain water from the drain hole of the cultivation container into the tank. Is a bottom irrigation cultivation system that raises the cultivation container and supplies water to the tank. The tank that stores water under the culture container is made of opaque polypropylene, PVC pipes, pottery, glass, stone, tinplate, concrete, etc. to prevent corruption, and the outer diameter of the female tank. And the male cultivation container are fixed at the same inner diameter, water is stored in the hollow part under the fixation, and the rain that increases with the season flows from the drain hole in the upper part of the tank, and the water consumption in winter It has the function of being able to cultivate with only top irrigation as a pedestal that also drains the tank and serves as a saucer, but some cultivars can grow in warm countries, and winter in Japan It is difficult to move to a heated indoor space and perform bottom irrigation cultivation. A deep cultivation container of about 50 cm can be used by sufficiently irrigating the cultivation container at the beginning of use and including water. Although the tank is formed from a small shape to a large flower bed, the depth of the cultivation container is about 10 cm to 50 cm, the tank is about 10 cm to 15 cm deep, and the length of the water absorption string matches the depth of the tank. The water absorption string sucks up water to the culture soil without waste. If the tank and cultivation container are opaque and strong, any material can be used, but the water-absorbing string is a bottom irrigation cultivation system that requires replacement every two to three years due to its durability. Bottom irrigation is a cultivation method that does not require the hassle of watering. If you plant and leave vegetables, flowers, fruit trees, etc., you can harvest them naturally, and the flowers will bloom and produce fruit. If you plant seeds or bulbs and give them as gifts, unexpected varieties will blossom. Once the flowers have ended, perennials that have withered in the winter will bloom every year, and by forming large tanks and cultivation containers, indoor flower beds are possible. If you cultivate with a cultivation container, you can manage the temperature of the vegetables and root vegetables that are affected by the season, temperature, and weather with an indoor air conditioner and apply appropriate lighting for hydroponics to the plant factory It is possible to grow into a variety of vegetables, and the harvest is expected regardless of the season and weather, and a stable supply of a wide variety of vegetables, root vegetables and fruits can be expected.