JP2018033250A - Synchronous motor - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To supply DC excitation magnetic flux to a field magnet without providing an air gap dedicated to the DC excitation magnetic flux in particular.SOLUTION: The present invention relates to a synchronous motor in which a stator 110 comprises one radial armature 210 and two axial armatures 220, a field magnet of a rotor 120 includes radial surfaces that are opposite via a radial air gap G0, and two axial surfaces that are opposite to the axial armatures 220 via axial air gaps G1 and G2, and a field magnet of a rotor 120A is formed from excitation magnetic flux generated by DC excitation coils 421 and 422 that are provided at a stator side. The excitation magnetic flux generated by the DC excitation coils 421 and 422 is made flow from one axial armature to the other axial armature via a magnetic path including the two axial air gaps G1 and G2, the radial air gap G0 a field magnet core 310 and the radial armature 210.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1A

Description

  The present invention relates to a synchronous motor in which torque density and output density are further increased by effectively utilizing three air gap surfaces, one radial air gap surface and two axial air gap surfaces. The present invention relates to a hybrid excitation type synchronous motor and a synchronous generator that combine a magnetic field and a permanent magnet field.

  In the synchronous motor described in Patent Document 1, in both the inner rotor type and the outer rotor type, an exciting coil is wound around a DC exciting iron core to generate a DC magnetomotive force, and the DC magnetic flux is applied to the N of the field iron core. By supplying from the magnetic pole side of the pole to the magnetic pole side of the S pole, a DC excitation magnetic pole is formed on the two axial sides or the radial side, and a magnetic pole made of a permanent magnet is formed on the other radial side or the two axial sides. I have to.

  According to the synchronous motor, the torque density and the output density can be further increased by effectively using the three air gap surfaces of one radial air gap surface and two axial air gap surfaces. There are issues to be solved.

  That is, a DC exciting iron core is provided on the stator side, and a DC exciting magnetic flux is supplied from the DC exciting iron core to the rotor field iron core. Therefore, the DC exciting iron core is separated from the radial air gap and the axial air gap. There is a third air gap for supplying a DC exciting magnetic flux between the magnetic field core and the field iron core.

  As described above, since the third air gap for the DC excitation magnetic flux exists between the stator and the rotor, in addition to the radial air gap and the axial air gap, the number of air gaps is increased accordingly. .

  Moreover, structurally, since the area of the third air gap cannot be increased, the magnetic resistance in the third air gap is increased, so that the direct current excitation to the excitation coil wound around the direct current excitation iron core is increased. The current increases, the excitation loss increases, and the efficiency of the motor is reduced.

Japanese Patent No. 5856544

  SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a synchronous motor that can supply a DC exciting magnetic flux to a field core without providing a DC exciting iron core.

In order to solve the above-described problems, a first invention of the present application is a cylindrical bracket made of a stator having an armature and a DC exciting coil, a rotor having a field excited by the DC exciting coil, and a magnetic material. And an output rotation shaft disposed on the axis of the bracket via a bearing member, the stator is provided on the bracket side, and the rotor is attached to the output rotation shaft on the inner peripheral surface side of the stator. In the inner rotor type synchronous motor,
The armature is attached to each inner surface of the radial armature that is attached to the inner surface of the cylindrical portion of the bracket via a first nonmagnetic support member, and the first end plate and the other second end plate of the bracket. A first axial armature and a second axial armature of the same diameter that are attached coaxially with the output rotation axis as a center, and the three armatures are arranged at the same rotation angle along the circumferential direction, respectively. A plurality of tooth portions, each of which has concentrated windings, and is wound around the tooth portions of the first and second axial armatures among the three tooth portions belonging to the same rotation angle. The axial windings have the same polarity and the radial windings wound around the teeth of the radial armature have opposite polarities, and the above three windings are unit groups, and these are connected in series and / or in parallel. Phase winding,
The field includes a plurality of field iron cores made of a ferromagnetic material, and the nonmagnetic second support member is disposed in a state where the field cores are arranged at a predetermined interval in the circumferential direction of the rotor. Each of the field cores has one radial surface on the outer diameter side facing the radial armature and on both side surfaces along the axial direction of the output rotation shaft. Two axial surfaces, a first axial surface facing the first axial armature and a second axial surface facing the second axial armature;
A radial air gap serving as a magnetic path is provided between the radial surface of each field core and the radial armature. The field core selected arbitrarily is the first, and the odd number of the field cores The first axial surface is provided with a first permanent magnet, and the second axial surface is provided with a second axial air gap that forms a magnetic path between the second axial armature and the second axial armature. A first field salient pole integral with the magnetic core is formed,
A second field collision integral with the field core so that a first axial air gap serving as a magnetic path is formed between the first axial surface of the even numbered field core and the first axial armature. A pole is formed, a second permanent magnet is provided on the second axial surface, and a third permanent magnet is disposed between each of the field cores,
The DC exciting coil includes a first DC exciting coil wound around the output rotation shaft in a first space surrounded by the radial armature, the first axial armature and the bracket, and the radial armature. A second DC exciting coil wound around the output rotation shaft in a second space surrounded by the second axial armature and the bracket,
An exciting magnetic flux generated by the DC exciting coil is generated from either the first axial armature or the second axial armature, the first and second axial air gaps, the radial air gap, the field core and the radial. It is characterized in that it flows to one of the other axial armatures through a magnetic path including the armature.

The second invention of the present application is a stator having an armature and a DC exciting coil, a rotor having a field excited by the DC exciting coil, a fixed shaft made of a ferromagnetic material, and a bearing member on the fixed shaft. An outer rotor type synchronous motor that includes a bracket including a cylindrical portion that is rotatably supported via the rotor, the stator is provided on the fixed shaft side, and the rotor is provided on the bracket side and rotates together with the bracket. ,
The armature includes a radial armature attached to the fixed shaft via a non-magnetic first support member, and the fixed shaft is centered on the fixed shaft while being magnetically coupled to the fixed shaft on both sides of the radial armature. As the first axial armature and the second axial armature of the same diameter, and the three armatures each have a plurality of tooth portions arranged at the same rotation angle along the circumferential direction. Concentrated windings are applied to each tooth part, and among the three tooth parts belonging to the same rotation angle, the axial windings wound around the tooth parts of the first and second axial armatures are the same. Polarity, the radial winding wound around the tooth part of the radial armature is of reverse polarity, and the above three windings are grouped and connected in series and / or in parallel to form a multiphase winding And
The field includes a plurality of field iron cores made of a ferromagnetic material, and the nonmagnetic second support member is disposed in a state where the field cores are arranged at a predetermined interval in the circumferential direction of the rotor. And each of the field cores has one radial surface on the inner diameter side facing the radial armature and along the axial direction of the fixed shaft. Two axial surfaces, a first axial surface facing the first axial armature and a second axial surface facing the second axial armature on both side surfaces,
A radial air gap serving as a magnetic path is provided between the radial surface of each field core and the radial armature. The field core selected arbitrarily is the first, and the odd number of the field cores The first axial surface is provided with a first permanent magnet, and the second axial surface is provided with a second axial air gap that forms a magnetic path between the second axial armature and the second axial armature. A first field salient pole integral with the magnetic core is formed,
A second field collision integral with the field core so that a first axial air gap serving as a magnetic path is formed between the first axial surface of the even numbered field core and the first axial armature. A pole is formed, a second permanent magnet is provided on the second axial surface, and a third permanent magnet is disposed between each of the field cores,
The DC excitation coil includes a first DC excitation coil wound around one end of the fixed shaft in a first space surrounded by the radial armature, the first axial armature, and the fixed shaft, and the radial electric machine. A second DC exciting coil wound around the other end of the fixed shaft in a second space surrounded by the child, the second axial armature, and the fixed shaft;
An exciting magnetic flux generated by the DC exciting coil is generated from either the first axial armature or the second axial armature, the first and second axial air gaps, the radial air gap, the field core and the radial. It is characterized in that it flows to one of the other axial armatures through a magnetic path including the armature.

  In the first and second inventions, the first permanent magnet provided in the odd-numbered field core and the second permanent magnet provided in the even-numbered field core are both SPM (Surface Permanent Magnet) systems. The first permanent magnet is N-pole and the second permanent magnet is S-pole, and the radial surface of the odd-numbered field iron core is S-pole, and the second permanent magnet is excited by the exciting magnetic flux of the DC exciting coil. One field salient pole is excited to N pole, while the radial surface of the even-numbered field core is excited to N pole and the second field salient pole is excited to S pole.

  The third permanent magnet is an IPM (Internal Permanent Magnet) magnet, which is magnetized in the plate thickness direction, the N pole side being the even-numbered radial surface side, and the S pole being the odd-numbered radial surface side. It arrange | positions so that it may become.

  An aspect in which the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet are omitted, and an aspect in which the third permanent magnet is omitted are also included in the present invention.

  The synchronous motor of the first invention and the second invention is used as a generator for wind power generation and hydroelectric power generation, and adjusts the energization current to the DC excitation coil in accordance with the mechanical torque and output of the windmill and water turbine. Thus, the electrical output of wind power generation and hydroelectric power generation is controlled.

  According to the present invention, in a hybrid excitation type synchronous motor having one radial air gap and two axial air gaps, the number of air gaps in the DC excitation magnetic circuit is reduced, and the armature and the field are opposed to each other. Effective use of the air gap reduces magnetic resistance, and excitation current is reduced by reducing excitation current, resulting in a high-efficiency synchronous motor in a wide range of speed and torque, and in the high-speed range. By increasing the magnetic flux, a hybrid excitation type synchronous generator capable of supplying large generated power can be obtained.

  In addition, the polarity of the magnetic poles at the same rotation angle position of three air gaps (one radial air gap and two axial air gaps) provided between the stator side and the rotor side In the radial air gap, the same polarity is used, but in the radial air gap, the polarity is opposite to that of the two axial air gaps. The armature winding is also the same as the two axial air gaps in the radial air gap. Torque can be generated in the same rotational direction in all wide air gaps by supplying a multi-phase alternating current to the armature winding so that it has the opposite polarity. Can be obtained.

  In addition, a field excitation by a DC excitation magnet is formed on one of the radial surface and the axial surface of the field magnetic pole, and a field formation by a permanent magnet is formed on the other, and hybrid excitation combining these two types of field magnets. By forming the field of the mold and allowing both magnetic fluxes to flow independently and in parallel with each other, by increasing the DC excitation current during starting, acceleration and low speed, increasing the hybrid magnetic flux, ie the combined magnetic flux Torque can be increased.

  In addition, at high speeds, it is possible to increase the speed by reducing the DC excitation current, so there is no need to pass a wasteful current for the field weakening as in a synchronous motor whose field is entirely composed of permanent magnets. Therefore, there is an advantage that the efficiency can be improved.

  As another aspect, by eliminating some or all of the permanent magnets from the field and filling the empty space with an air layer, a low-cost synchronous motor can be obtained in which the magnetic flux of the DC excitation magnet is superior or only the DC excitation magnet is obtained. Can do.

  Moreover, if the synchronous motor according to the present invention is used as a generator for wind power generation (or hydropower generation), the following effects can be expected.

  It is known that the mechanical output of the windmill is proportional to the cube of the angular velocity ω, and the locus of the torque T at the maximum output point is proportional to the square of the angular velocity. Therefore, when the angular speed of the windmill changes with the fluctuation of the wind speed, the mechanical output of the windmill can be taken in as much as possible by matching the input torque of the generator with the output torque of the windmill.

  However, since the input torque of a conventional permanent magnet synchronous generator is proportional to the angular velocity, it can only intersect with the wind turbine's maximum output point at one angular velocity. The efficiency of taking the target output into the generator is reduced.

  Therefore, if this hybrid excitation type synchronous motor is used in a wind power generator in which the wind speed changes in this way, if the DC excitation current is increased and the field magnetic flux is increased as the angular speed increases, the input torque of the generator increases. Therefore, the mechanical output of the windmill can be taken into the generator without waste.

  The generator in the wind power generation system requires power matching with the windmill (ie, torque x angular velocity) and impedance matching with the load, but the former becomes possible by adjusting the field magnetic flux by the DC excitation current. Since the latter is possible by adjusting the line specifications, the hybrid excitation type synchronous generator using this hybrid excitation type synchronous motor as a generator is an excellent generator in a wind power generation system in which the wind speed changes. Can do. The same applies to hydroelectric power generation.

The typical sectional view which followed the axis of the output axis of rotation which shows the internal structure of the inner rotor type synchronous motor concerning a 1st embodiment of the present invention. The typical sectional view which met the AA line of Drawing 1A showing the internal structure of the above-mentioned inner rotor type synchronous motor. Typical sectional drawing along the axis line of the output rotating shaft which shows the field of the rotor with which the said inner rotor type | mold synchronous motor is provided (sectional drawing along the BB line of FIG. 2B). The left view of the said field. The right view of the said field. The top view which shows a part of field core which the said field adjoins. The perspective view which shows a part of field iron core which the said field adjoins. Sectional drawing similar to FIG. 1B which shows the radial armature among the armatures with which the said inner rotor type synchronous motor is provided. The front view which shows one axial armature (left side in FIG. 1A). The top view which shows the one part tooth | gear part of the said left side axial armature. The front view which shows the other axial armature (right side in FIG. 1A). The top view which shows a one part tooth | gear part of the said right side axial armature. The expanded view which shows the correlation of the field salient pole of the said field iron core, and the polarity of a permanent magnet. The expanded view which shows the winding state to one radial armature and two axial armatures of the said armature. The connection diagram which shows the connection state of the armature winding by which each armature of FIG. 7 is wound. Typical sectional drawing in alignment with the axis line of the output rotating shaft which shows the 1st modification of the said magnetic field (sectional drawing along CC line of FIG. 3B). The left view of the field which concerns on the said 1st modification. The right view of the field which concerns on the said 1st modification. The top view which shows a part of field core which the field which concerns on the said 1st modification adjoins. Typical sectional drawing along the axis line of the output rotating shaft which shows the 2nd modification of the said magnetic field (sectional drawing along DD line of FIG. 4B). The left view of the field which concerns on the said 2nd modification. The right view of the field which concerns on the said 2nd modification. The top view which shows a part of field core which the field which concerns on the said 2nd modification adjoins. The typical sectional view along the axis of the fixed axis which shows the internal structure (upper half) of the outer rotor type synchronous motor concerning a 2nd embodiment of the present invention. The side view which looked at part (1/4 part) of the left side armature in the said 2nd Embodiment from the tooth side. The top view which shows the one part tooth | gear part of the left side armature in the said 2nd Embodiment. The side view which looked at a part (1/4 part) of the right side axial armature in the said 2nd Embodiment from the tooth side. The top view which shows the one part tooth | gear part of the right side axial armature in the said 2nd Embodiment. FIG. 9B is a sectional view taken along line EE in FIG. 9A. Typical sectional drawing which shows the magnetic field of the rotor with which the said outer rotor type | mold synchronous motor is provided (sectional drawing along the FF line of FIG. 10B, the cross section along the GG line of FIG. 10C). FIG. 10B is a left side view showing the left half of FIG. 10A. FIG. 10B is a right side view showing the right half of FIG. 10A.

  Next, some embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 10, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

  First, a synchronous motor 100A according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

  Referring to FIGS. 1A and 1B, synchronous motor 100A is an inner rotor type motor, and as a basic configuration, bracket (outer) 400, output rotating shaft 430A, stator 110A including an armature and the like, A rotor 120A including magnets and the like, and DC exciting coils 421A and 422A are provided.

  The bracket 400 has a cylindrical portion 410, and an end plate 411 is integrally provided on one end side thereof, and an end plate 412 is also integrally provided on the other end side. Actually, the bracket 400 includes cup-shaped halves 410a and 410b divided into two along the axial direction of the cylindrical portion 410, and these halves 410a and 410b are integrally joined by screwing or welding. It is created by doing.

  Bearing portions 440 and 440 made of ball bearings are coaxially arranged at the center portions of the end plates 411 and 412, respectively, and the output rotating shaft 430 </ b> A is supported on the axis of the bracket 400 by the bearing portions 440 and 440. Yes. In the first embodiment, the output rotation shaft 430A is a non-magnetic material. For example, the bearing housing 450 of the bracket 400 is a non-magnetic material, and the bracket 400 and the output rotation shaft 430A are magnetically coupled. If not, the output rotation shaft 430A may be a magnetic material.

  The stator 110A includes one radial armature 210 and two axial armatures 220a and 220b. The radial armature 210 extends along the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion 410 via a nonmagnetic support member 209. It is arranged in a ring.

  On the other hand, one axial armature 220a is attached in a state of being magnetically coupled to the end plate 411, and the other axial armature 220b is attached in a state of being magnetically coupled to the end plate 412.

  The axial armature 220a and the axial armature 220b have the same diameter and are arranged coaxially so as to face each other. In addition, when it is not necessary to distinguish the axial armatures 220a and 220b, the axial armatures 220 are collectively referred to.

  The field 300A provided in the rotor 120A will be described with reference to FIG. The field magnet 300A includes a plurality of field iron cores 310 attached along the outer peripheral surface of a cylindrical support member 330 that is coaxially joined to the rotating shaft 430A.

  In this embodiment, the field iron core 310 includes eight field iron cores 310 a to 310 h, and the field iron cores 310 a to 310 h are fan-shaped and are arranged at equal intervals along the outer peripheral surface of the support member 330. Yes. As an example of the method of fixing the field core 310 to the support member 330, the width of the bridge made of electromagnetic steel plates for connecting the individual field cores 310a to 310h is narrowed and laminated to increase the magnetic resistance. Alternatively, die casting, resin molding, or the like may be used.

  The field iron core 310 (310a to 310h) faces one radial surface RS facing the radial armature 210 and two axial surfaces AS, that is, the axial surface ASA facing the axial armature 220a and the axial armature 220b. And an axial surface ASb. With reference to FIG. 1A, one axial surface Asa may be referred to as a left axial surface, and the other axial surface ASb may be referred to as a right axial surface.

  The generic name of the odd-numbered field cores 310a, 310c, 310e, 310g is OD, and the generic name of the even-numbered field cores 310b, 310d, 310f, 310h is EV, and the odd-numbered field cores OD and the even-numbered fields. In the magnetic iron core EV, the axial surface AS (ASa, ASb) has a different form.

  In this embodiment, as will be described later, the DC axial coils 421A and 422A excite the left axial armature 220a to have the N pole and the right axial armature 220b to have the S pole. Further, the first field core that determines the odd number and the even number may be arbitrarily selected.

  First, in an odd-numbered field core OD (310a, 310c, 310e, 310g), an N-pole SPM permanent magnet 321N is attached to the left axial surface Asa, whereas the right axial surface ASb A field salient pole 311 (hereinafter, also referred to as a right field salient pole 311R) that protrudes from the iron core 310 as it is, and a DC excitation magnetic flux passes through the axial air gap G2 from the right field salient pole 311R. The right axial surface ASb having the right field salient salient pole 311R is N-pole like the left axial surface Asa.

  For this purpose, it is necessary to send a direct current excitation magnetic flux from the radial armature 210 side to the radial surface RS of the odd-numbered field iron core OD through the radial air gap G0. The surface RS is the south pole. That is, in the odd-numbered field core OD, the left axial surface Asa has N poles, the radial surface has S poles, and the right axial surface ASb has N poles.

  Next, the even-numbered field iron core EV (310b, 310d, 310f, 310h) will be described. In the even-numbered field core EV, contrary to the odd-numbered field core OD, the left axial surface Asa has a field salient pole 311 (hereinafter referred to as the left-side field magnet) in which the field core 310 is projected as it is. SPM pole permanent magnet 321S is attached to the right axial surface ASb.

  As a result, the DC excitation magnetic flux supplied from the left axial armature 220a passes through the axial air gap G1 and enters the field core from the left field salient pole 311L of the even-numbered field core EV. It enters the radial armature 210 from the RS through the radial air gap G0, passes through the yoke of the radial armature 210, passes through the radial air gap G0 again, and is sent to the radial surface RS of the adjacent odd-numbered field core OD. Then, it escapes from the right field salient pole 311R, passes through the axial air gap G2, and reaches the right axial armature 220b.

  In this way, in the even-numbered field iron core EV, the left axial surface Asa is the S pole, the radial surface RS is the N pole, and the right axial surface ASb is the S pole. Is reversed.

  The air gap G1 between the left axial armature 220a and the field core 310 and the air gap G2 between the right axial armature 220b and the field core 310 are preferably of equal width.

  Further, according to this embodiment, the plate-like IPM type permanent magnet 323 is arranged between the odd-numbered field cores OD and the even-numbered field cores EV. The magnetization (magnetization) direction of the permanent magnet 323 is selected so as to be the same as the polarity generated by the DC excitation magnetic flux in the rotation direction (plate thickness direction) of the rotor. That is, the S pole is directed to the odd-numbered field core OD, and the N pole is directed to the even-numbered field core EV.

  FIG. 4 shows the polarity of the entire field formed as described above. In both odd and even numbers, the two axial surfaces AS (ASa, ASb) have the same polarity, but the radial surface RS has a different polarity. In FIG. 4, the polarity due to the permanent magnet is represented by uppercase letters N and S, and the polarity due to the DC electromagnet of the radial surface RS and the field salient pole 311 is represented by lowercase letters n and s.

  Next, the armature provided in the stator 110A will be described. The radial armature core 210 and the axial armature cores 220a and 220b are made by punching and laminating electromagnetic steel sheets, winding and winding strips of electromagnetic steel sheets, or using sintered or dust cores, and powder coating. Insulate with a resin mold or concentrated winding.

  As shown in FIG. 3A, the radial armature core 210 has a yoke 211 formed in an annular shape, and a plurality of slots (in this example) projecting toward the center are provided on the inner peripheral surface side of the yoke 211. 12 slots) teeth 212a to 212l are evenly formed.

  As shown in FIGS. 3Ba and 3Bb, the left axial armature core 220a has a yoke 221L formed in an annular shape that is attached to the inner surface of the end plate 411 of the bracket 400, and is on the opposite end plate side of the yoke 221L. On the surface (the surface on the right side in FIG. 1A), teeth of 12 slots (teeth) 222La to 222Ll are evenly formed.

  As shown in FIGS. 3Ca and 3Cb, the right side armature core 220b has a yoke 221R formed in an annular shape attached to the inner surface of the end plate 412 of the bracket 400, and the opposite end plate of the yoke 221R. On the side surface (the surface on the left side in FIG. 1A), 12-slot teeth (teeth) 2222Ra to 222Rl are evenly formed.

  Of the teeth of the left-side axial armature core 220a, the central radial armature core 210, and the right-side axial armature core 220b, as shown in FIG. 5, 222La-212a-222Ra, 222Lb-212b-222Rb, 222Lc- 212c-222Rc,..., 222Ll-212l-222Rl are combinations of the same rotation angle.

  Three-phase (U, V, W) windings are applied to the three teeth included in the same rotation angle. Of these, the two windings on the axial armature 220 side have the same polarity, and are radial. The armature 210 side selects the winding direction of the windings so as to have a different polarity from them, and these three armature windings are set as a unit group. FIG. 5 shows the whole winding in which these are combined. In FIG. 5, U, V, and W characters with an overbar (upper line) indicate reverse polarity.

  FIG. 6 shows a connection diagram of these three-phase windings. The first U-phase winding U1 includes a first U-phase winding U11 wound around the teeth 222La of the axial armature 220a in FIG. The first U-phase winding U1 (reverse winding) wound around the teeth 212a of the child 210 and the first U-phase winding U21 wound around the teeth 222Ra of the axial armature 220b are connected in series with each other in space. Represents a unit group of windings in which windings are connected in series.

  Further, in the V phase that is spatially shifted by 120 ° in electrical angle, the first V phase winding V1 includes the first V phase winding V11 wound around the teeth 222Lb of the axial armature 220a, and the radial armature 210. The first V-phase winding V1 (reverse winding) wound around the first tooth 212b and the first V-phase winding V21 wound around the tooth 222Rb of the axial armature 220b are grouped.

  Further, in the W phase, which is spatially shifted by 120 ° in electrical angle, the first W phase winding W1 includes the first W phase winding W11 wound around the teeth 222Lc of the axial armature 220a and the radial armature 210. The first W-phase winding W1 (reverse winding) wound around the teeth 212c and the first W-phase winding VW1 wound around the teeth 222Rc of the axial armature 220b are set as a unit group, and this is repeated sequentially. These three-phase winding groups are grouped into three groups, and three-phase star connection or Δ connection is used to form an armature winding.

  Next, the DC exciting coils 421A and 422A will be described. As shown in FIG. 1A, one DC exciting coil 421A is wound around the output rotation shaft 430A in the first space A1a surrounded by the radial armature 210, the first axial armature 220a, and the bracket 400. The other DC exciting coil 422A is wound around the output rotation shaft 430A in the second space A2a surrounded by the radial armature 210, the second axial armature 220b, and the bracket 400.

  According to this embodiment, one DC exciting coil 421A is disposed in the first space A1a at a corner on the end plate 411 side of the bracket 400, preferably via an electrical insulating material, and the other DC exciting coil 422A is In the two spaces A2a, the bracket 400 is preferably disposed at a corner on the end plate 412 side via an electrical insulating material (not shown). The DC exciting coil 421A and the DC exciting coil 422A are preferably wound in the same direction.

  When a direct current is passed through the DC exciting coils 421A and 422A in the clockwise direction as viewed from the left side of FIG. 1A, the DC magnetic flux is left end plate 411 → left axial armature core 220a → axial air gap G1 → even number. Left-hand field salient pole (s pole) 311L → even-numbered field iron core EV → radial surface (n pole) RS → radial air gap G0 → radial armature core 210 → yoke 211 → radial electric machine Core iron 210 → Radial air gap G0 → Radial surface (s pole) RS of odd-numbered field iron core OD → Odd-numbered field iron core OD → Right field salient pole (n pole) 311R → Axial air gap G2 → It flows along a path such as the right axial armature core 220b → the right end plate 412. The SPM permanent magnet 321 functions as a flux barrier through which magnetic flux does not pass because of its low magnetic permeability.

  The field polarity in this case will be described in detail. The left field salient pole 311a becomes the S pole (s), and the radial surface of the field iron core 310 integrated therewith becomes the N pole (n). The radial surface of the field iron core 310 of both adjacent poles in the circumferential direction becomes the S pole (s), and the field salient pole 311 on the right side thereof becomes the N pole (n).

  At this time, the permanent magnets 323 embedded on both sides of the field core 310 are arranged so that the polarities thereof are the same as the polarities of the radial surfaces RS of the field cores 310 of the poles. So that the magnetic fluxes flow in the same direction in parallel to form a hybrid magnetic field.

The magnitude of the direct current excitation magnetic flux is expressed as follows. First, the following equation is obtained according to Ampere's law of circular integration.
2N × I ≒ Φ × (2g 1 / μ · S 1/2 + g 2 / μ · S 2/2 + g 2 / μ · S 2/2)

From this equation, the magnetic flux is determined as follows.
Φ≈μN × I / 2 (g ₁ / S ₁ + g ₂ / S ₂ ) (1)
Here, the parameters of the above equation are as follows.
Φ: Magnetic flux amount I: DC current S ₁ : Effective opposed area of the radial area of the radial armature core teeth and the radial area of the field core core S ₂ : The left or right side of the axial armature teeth effective facing areas of the total area of the axial plane of the total area and field core of the field磁突pole axial planes N: DC excitation coil 1 turns g _1: radial air gap length g _2: the axial air gap length Μ: Air permeability

  According to the present invention, it can be understood that the above formula (1) is compared with the formula (1) described in Patent Document 1 (Patent Publication No. 5856544 “Synchronous motor”) cited as the prior art. Since there is no excitation air gap in the DC excitation magnetic circuit, the corresponding magnetic resistance is reduced, the magnetic flux easily passes, the magnetomotive force (N × I) for creating the same magnetic flux is reduced, and the excitation loss is reduced. is there.

The magnetic flux of each pole of the field is as follows.
(1) Φd + Φi for radial magnetic poles
(2) For an axial magnetic pole, (Φd + Φi + Φs) / 2
In the case of an axial magnetic pole, since all the magnetic poles are concordant poles, the magnetic flux is halved.
Here, Φd: DC excitation magnetic flux, Φs: SPM permanent magnet 321 magnetic flux, and Φi: IPM permanent magnet 323 magnetic flux.
From the above equation, it can be seen that both the radial magnetic flux and the axial magnetic flux can be controlled by the DC excitation current.

As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, some or all of the permanent magnets may be omitted. In this case, since the permeability of the permanent magnet is close to 1 as in the case of air, the path of the DC excitation magnetic flux and the magnitude of the magnetic flux do not change. The magnitude of the magnetic flux in each case is as follows.
(1) When using a DC exciting magnet and an IPM permanent magnet 323,
For radial magnetic poles, Φd + Φi, and for axial magnetic poles, (Φd + Φi) / 2.
(2) When the SPM permanent magnet 321 is used only for the DC exciting magnet and the axial magnetic pole,
Φd for radial magnetic poles and (Φd + Φs) / 2 for axial magnetic poles.
(3) When only a DC excitation magnet is used without using a permanent magnet, Φd is used for the radial magnetic pole and Φd / 2 is used for the axial magnetic pole.

  Next, a modified example of the field 300A included in the rotor 120A will be described. First, as a first modified example, as shown in FIGS. 7A to 7D, the N-pole permanent magnet 321N is removed from the left axial surface Asa of the odd-numbered field core OD (310a, 310c, 310e, 310g), The S-pole permanent magnet 321S may be removed from the right axial surface ASb of the even-numbered field iron core OD (310b, 310d, 310f, 310h).

  Since the permanent magnet has a low magnetic permeability, it does not allow magnetic flux to pass through. However, when the permanent magnet (SPM) is removed from the axial surface as in the first modification, the left axial surface Asa of the odd-numbered field core OD and this An air gap between the first axial armature 220a on the left side facing the air gap, and an air gap between the right axial surface ASb of the even-numbered field core OD and the second axial armature 220b on the right side facing this. Is expanded by the plate thickness of the permanent magnet, which acts as a flux barrier.

  Further, as a second modification, as shown in FIGS. 8A to 8C, the IPM permanent magnets 323 embedded between the field cores 310 are removed, and the space between the field cores 310 is formed as an air layer Ga. Also good.

  Even if the permanent magnet is removed as in the first and second modifications, the air layer where the permanent magnet is removed acts as a flux barrier in the same manner as the permanent magnet, and therefore the path through which the DC magnetic flux flows is as described above. The synchronous motor according to the modified example operates as a direct current excitation motor. When the SPM permanent magnet 321 (axial field permanent magnet) is omitted, a DC pole magnet with only N poles or S poles is used.

  Next, a synchronous motor 100B according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. Note that the same reference numerals are used for components that are considered to be substantially the same as the synchronous motor 100A according to the first embodiment.

  The synchronous motor 100B according to the second embodiment is an outer rotor type synchronous motor, and a fixed shaft 430B made of a ferromagnetic material is used instead of the output rotation shaft, and a bracket 400 is attached to a bearing member (in this example) on the fixed shaft 430B. Ball bearing) 440 is rotatably supported.

  As in the first embodiment, the stator 110B includes a radial armature 210, two axial armatures 220 (220a, 220b), and two excitation coils 421B, 422B as a basic configuration. .

  The radial armature 210 is coaxially fixed to the fixed shaft 430B via a support member 209 made of a nonmagnetic material. The axial armature 220 (220a, 220b) has a yoke 223 having a disc shape and a support hole formed in the central portion, and is fixed to the fixed shaft 430B via the yoke 223.

  The configuration of each tooth portion of the left axial armature 220a and the right axial armature 220b may be the same as in the first embodiment, and a part of the left axial armature 220a extracted from FIG. 9A is shown in FIG. 9B. 9C shows a part of the right side armature 220b extracted from FIG. 9A.

  Also in the second embodiment, the number of slots of the axial armatures 220a and 220b is 12, and the teeth of the axial armatures 220a and 220b and the radial armature 210 are described with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6 above. The winding is wound in such a manner.

  The magnetic field 300B of the rotor 120B is attached to the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion of the bracket 400 via a nonmagnetic support member 330. Referring to FIGS. 10A to 10C, also in the second embodiment, the field magnet 300B includes eight (eight poles) field iron cores 310 (310a to 310h) as in the first embodiment. However, in FIG. 10B and FIG. 10C, only half of the field cores 310b, 310c, 310d, and 310e are shown.

  Each field iron core 310 includes one radial surface RS and two axial surfaces AS (left side Asa and right side ASb). The radial surface RS faces the radial armature 210 via the radial air gap G0. The left axial surface Asa is opposed to the left axial armature 220a via the axial air gap G1, and the right axial surface ASb is opposed to the right axial armature 220b via the axial air gap G2.

  Referring to FIG. 4, as in the first embodiment, out of the eight field cores 310, the left axial surface ASA of the odd-numbered field core OD (310 a, 310 c, 310 e, 310 g) On the other hand, a field salient pole 311R is formed on the right axial surface ASb.

  A field salient pole 311L is formed on the left axial surface Asa of the even-numbered field iron core EV (310b, 310d, 310f, 310h), while an SPM is formed on the right axial surface ASb. An S-pole permanent magnet 321S of the type is attached.

  An IPM permanent magnet 323 is provided between the odd-numbered field cores OD and the even-numbered field cores EV.

  Of the two DC exciting coils 421B and 422B, one DC exciting coil 421B is located on one end side of the fixed shaft 430B in the first space A1b surrounded by the radial armature 210, the first axial armature 220a, and the fixed shaft 430B. It is wound.

  On the other hand, the other DC exciting coil 422B is wound around the other end side of the fixed shaft 430B in the second space A2b surrounded by the radial armature 210, the second axial armature 220b, and the fixed shaft 430B. Although not shown, it is preferable that the DC exciting coils 421B and 422B are wound around the fixed shaft 430B in the same direction via an electric insulating material.

  In FIG. 9A, when a direct current is passed through the coils 421B and 422B so that the left end side of the fixed shaft 400B is the N pole and the right end side is the S pole, the DC magnetic flux is changed to the fixed shaft 430B → the left side axial armature 220a → the axial air gap. G1 → even-numbered left field salient pole 311L → even-numbered field iron core 310EV → radial surface RS → radial air gap G0 → radial armature core 210 → yoke 211 → radial armature core 210 → radial air gap G0 → The radial surface RS of the odd-numbered field core OD → the odd-numbered field core OD → the odd-numbered right-side field salient pole 311R → the axial air gap G2 → the right-side axial armature core 220b → the fixed shaft 430B Flowing.

  When the magnetic flux flows in this way, the left field salient pole 311L becomes the S pole (s), and the radial surface RS of the field iron core 310 having the same pole as that becomes the N pole (n). The radial RS surface of the magnetic core 310 is the S pole (s), and the field salient pole 311R on the right side of the adjacent pole is the N pole (n). At this time, the permanent magnets (IPM) 323 embedded between the field cores are arranged so that the polarities thereof are the same N poles (n) as the polarities of the radial surfaces of the field cores 310.

  Thus, the DC excitation magnetic circuit of the outer rotor type synchronous motor 100B is the same as that obtained by replacing the bracket and the fixed shaft of the DC excitation magnetic circuit of the inner rotor type synchronous motor 100A according to the first embodiment.

Similarly to the case of the inner rotor type motor 100A, the magnetic flux of each pole of the field is as follows.
(1) Φd + Φi for radial magnetic poles
(2) For an axial magnetic pole, (Φd + Φi + Φs) / 2
In the case of an axial magnetic pole, since all the magnetic poles are concordant poles, the magnetic flux of each pole is halved. Here, Φd: DC excitation magnetic flux, Φs: Magnetic flux by permanent magnet (SPM), Φi: Magnetic flux by permanent magnet (IPM).
From the above formula, it is the same as the inner rotor type electric motor 100A that the radial magnetic flux and the axial magnetic flux can control the amount of the magnetic flux with the direct current excitation current.

  Further, the arrangement of the magnetic poles of the entire field of the outer rotor type synchronous motor 100B, that is, the arrangement of the permanent magnets and the magnetic poles of the electromagnets by direct current excitation is the same as in the case of the inner rotor type electric motor 100A. it can. The two axial surfaces AS have the same polarity at the same rotation angle, but the radial surfaces have different polarities. In addition, n and s mean that the polarity of the field salient pole (DC electromagnet) is N pole and S pole.

  As described above, according to the present invention, one radial air gap surface and two axial air gaps are provided between the armature and the field, and the two types of air gaps are located at the same rotational angle. The polarity of each magnetic field in the armature is the same in terms of time and space for the armature, and the same polarity for the field, so that the torque density and output are the same. A synchronous motor having a higher density can be obtained.

    Furthermore, in the radial air gap and the axial air gap, a hybrid excitation type field is formed by combining two types of magnets, a direct current excitation magnet and a permanent magnet, and a magnetic flux flow by the permanent magnet and a magnetic flux flow by the direct current excitation are formed. Flow in parallel and independent from each other, and there are no air gaps with high magnetic resistance other than the three air gaps in the DC excitation magnetic circuit, so the DC excitation magnetic flux is generated efficiently and is large in the stage from start to acceleration. Torque can be generated, and during high-speed operation, by reducing the DC excitation current, it is possible to increase the efficiency and speed without consuming wasteful power for field weakening.

100A hybrid excitation type synchronous machine (inner rotor type)
100B Hybrid excitation type synchronous machine (outer rotor type)
110A stator (inner rotor type)
110B Stator (Outer rotor type)
120A rotor (inner rotor type)
120B rotor (outer rotor type)
210 Radial armature 220 (220a, 220b) Axial armature 300A Field (inner rotor type)
300B Field (outer rotor type)
310 Field Iron Core 311 Field Salient Pole 321 Permanent Magnet (SPM)
323 Permanent magnet (IPM)
400 Bracket 421A, 422A, 421B, 422B DC exciting coil 430A Output rotating shaft 430B Fixed shaft 440 Bearing G0 Radial air gap G1, G2 Axial air gap

Claims (7)

A stator having an armature and a DC exciting coil, a rotor having a field excited by the DC exciting coil, a cylindrical bracket made of a magnetic material, and a bearing member disposed on the axis of the bracket An inner rotor type synchronous motor including an output rotation shaft, wherein the stator is provided on the bracket side, and the rotor is attached to the output rotation shaft on the inner peripheral surface side of the stator.
The armature is attached to each inner surface of the radial armature that is attached to the inner surface of the cylindrical portion of the bracket via a first nonmagnetic support member, and the first end plate and the other second end plate of the bracket. A first axial armature and a second axial armature of the same diameter that are attached coaxially with the output rotation axis as a center, and the three armatures are arranged at the same rotation angle along the circumferential direction, respectively. A plurality of tooth portions, each of which has concentrated windings, and is wound around the tooth portions of the first and second axial armatures among the three tooth portions belonging to the same rotation angle. The axial windings have the same polarity and the radial windings wound around the teeth of the radial armature have opposite polarities, and the above three windings are unit groups, and these are connected in series and / or in parallel. Phase winding,
The field includes a plurality of field iron cores made of a ferromagnetic material, and the nonmagnetic second support member is disposed in a state where the field cores are arranged at a predetermined interval in the circumferential direction of the rotor. Each of the field cores has one radial surface on the outer diameter side facing the radial armature and on both side surfaces along the axial direction of the output rotation shaft. Two axial surfaces, a first axial surface facing the first axial armature and a second axial surface facing the second axial armature;
A radial air gap serving as a magnetic path is provided between the radial surface of each field core and the radial armature. The field core selected arbitrarily is the first, and the odd number of the field cores The first axial surface is provided with a first permanent magnet, and the second axial surface is provided with a second axial air gap that forms a magnetic path between the second axial armature and the second axial armature. A first field salient pole integral with the magnetic core is formed,
A second field collision integral with the field core so that a first axial air gap serving as a magnetic path is formed between the first axial surface of the even numbered field core and the first axial armature. A pole is formed, a second permanent magnet is provided on the second axial surface, and a third permanent magnet is disposed between each of the field cores,
The DC exciting coil includes a first DC exciting coil wound around the output rotation shaft in a first space surrounded by the radial armature, the first axial armature and the bracket, and the radial armature. A second DC exciting coil wound around the output rotation shaft in a second space surrounded by the second axial armature and the bracket,
An exciting magnetic flux generated by the DC exciting coil is generated from either the first axial armature or the second axial armature, the first and second axial air gaps, the radial air gap, the field core and the radial. An inner rotor type synchronous motor characterized by flowing to one of the other axial armatures through a magnetic path including the armature. A stator having an armature and a DC exciting coil, a rotor having a field magnetized by the DC exciting coil, a fixed shaft made of a ferromagnetic material, and a fixed shaft made of a ferromagnetic material and rotatably supported by a bearing member An outer rotor type synchronous motor provided with a bracket including a cylindrical portion, wherein the stator is provided on the fixed shaft side, and the rotor is provided on the bracket side and rotates together with the bracket.
The armature includes a radial armature attached to the fixed shaft via a non-magnetic first support member, and the fixed shaft is centered on the fixed shaft while being magnetically coupled to the fixed shaft on both sides of the radial armature. As the first axial armature and the second axial armature of the same diameter, and the three armatures each have a plurality of tooth portions arranged at the same rotation angle along the circumferential direction. Concentrated windings are applied to each tooth part, and among the three tooth parts belonging to the same rotation angle, the axial windings wound around the tooth parts of the first and second axial armatures are the same. Polarity, the radial winding wound around the tooth part of the radial armature is of reverse polarity, and the above three windings are grouped and connected in series and / or in parallel to form a multiphase winding And
The field includes a plurality of field iron cores made of a ferromagnetic material, and the nonmagnetic second support member is disposed in a state where the field cores are arranged at a predetermined interval in the circumferential direction of the rotor. And each of the field cores has one radial surface on the inner diameter side facing the radial armature and along the axial direction of the fixed shaft. Two axial surfaces, a first axial surface facing the first axial armature and a second axial surface facing the second axial armature on both side surfaces,
A radial air gap serving as a magnetic path is provided between the radial surface of each field core and the radial armature. The field core selected arbitrarily is the first, and the odd number of the field cores The first axial surface is provided with a first permanent magnet, and the second axial surface is provided with a second axial air gap that forms a magnetic path between the second axial armature and the second axial armature. A first field salient pole integral with the magnetic core is formed,
A second field collision integral with the field core so that a first axial air gap serving as a magnetic path is formed between the first axial surface of the even numbered field core and the first axial armature. A pole is formed, a second permanent magnet is provided on the second axial surface, and a third permanent magnet is disposed between each of the field cores,
The DC excitation coil includes a first DC excitation coil wound around one end of the fixed shaft in a first space surrounded by the radial armature, the first axial armature, and the fixed shaft, and the radial electric machine. A second DC exciting coil wound around the other end of the fixed shaft in a second space surrounded by the child, the second axial armature, and the fixed shaft;
An exciting magnetic flux generated by the DC exciting coil is generated from either the first axial armature or the second axial armature, the first and second axial air gaps, the radial air gap, the field core and the radial. An outer rotor type synchronous motor characterized by flowing to one of the other axial armatures through a magnetic path including the armature.   The first permanent magnet provided in the odd-numbered field core and the second permanent magnet provided in the even-numbered field core are both SPM type magnets, and the first permanent magnet is N-pole and The two permanent magnets are S poles, and the radial surface of the odd-numbered field iron core is excited to the S pole and the first field salient pole to the N pole by the exciting magnetic flux of the DC exciting coil, 3. The synchronous motor according to claim 1, wherein the radial surface of the even-numbered field iron core is excited to an N pole and the second field salient pole is excited to an S pole.   The third permanent magnet is an IPM type magnet, which is magnetized in the thickness direction, and is arranged so that the N pole side is the even-numbered radial surface side and the S pole is the odd-numbered radial surface side. The synchronous motor according to claim 3.   The synchronous motor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet are omitted.   The synchronous motor according to claim 5, wherein the third permanent magnet is further omitted.   Used as a generator for wind power generation and hydroelectric power generation, and controls the electrical output of wind power generation and hydropower generation by adjusting the energization current to the DC excitation coil according to the mechanical torque and output of the windmill and water turbine. The synchronous motor according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein:

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