JP2020092585A - Hybrid field type axial air gap type synchronous generator and synchronous motor - Google Patents

Abstract

To solve the problem in which, since, in order to maximize an output of a wind turbine according to a fluctuation of wind speed in small wind power generation, it is necessary to match torque of a generator with a torque of a maximum output point of the wind turbine, which changes in proportion to the square of the speed as the wind speed or rotation speed changes, it is not possible with a permanent magnet generator.SOLUTION: An axial air gap type inner rotor type variable magnetic field flux type synchronous generator and a synchronous motor, in which output of a wind turbine can be maximized by: utilizing a composite field of a permanent magnet and an electromagnet; arranging an armature in a center and a field on both sides; installing a DC excitation winding on an inner diameter side of the armature; fixing an outer diameter side to an aluminum bracket and improving heat conduction to make it easier to escape heat generated by the winding to the outside; bonding the field to a rotary shaft of a ferromagnetic material; and controlling a direct current exciting current according to a wind speed.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 5(2)

Description

The present invention relates to a hybrid field type axial air gap type synchronous generator and a synchronous motor for wind power generation.

The mechanical output produced by the wind turbine is proportional to the cube of the rotational angular velocity, whereas the mechanical input of the synchronous generator that converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy is proportional to the square of the rotational angular velocity. In order to operate the turbine at the maximum output point, it is necessary to control the mechanical input of the generator to match the mechanical output of the wind turbine.

Japanese Patent Application 2018-142944 JP-A-6-351206 JP, 2002-320364, A

The input torque for driving the permanent magnet field type synchronous generator is proportional to the angular velocity of rotation. On the other hand, the torque at the maximum output point of the power generated by the wind turbine is proportional to the square of the rotational angular velocity. Therefore, the torque of the generator and the torque at the maximum output of the wind turbine intersect at only one point, and at other rotational angular velocities, the maximum output point of the wind turbine cannot be operated. Therefore, it is a cause of reducing the efficiency of the entire wind power generation system. Therefore, by using an electromagnet in addition to the permanent magnet for the field, the magnetic flux of the field is added to the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet and the magnetic flux of the electromagnet to form a composite magnetic flux, and by controlling the DC exciting current of the electromagnet, An issue is to obtain a generator that can control the magnitude of the combined magnetic flux and control the mechanical input of the generator or the electrical output of the generator.

Since the axial gap type synchronous generator in Patent Document 1 has an electromagnet in the field, it has a function of controlling the mechanical input of the generator to match the mechanical output of the wind turbine, but the arrangement of the magnets is IPM. Since this is a system, there is a drawback that the entire structure is complicated and the cost is high.

In the axial gap type synchronous motor in Patent Document 2, the field is arranged in the center and the exciting coil is wound on the outer side, so that the circumferential length of the coil is increased, the winding resistance is increased, and the excitation loss is increased. There are drawbacks. In addition, the jackets such as brackets and frames need to use a ferromagnetic material such as steel, and since aluminum alloy, which is advantageous for heat dissipation, cannot be used, there is a drawback that the temperature rise of the armature winding increases.

Patent Document 3 is a permanent magnet field type synchronous generator used as a generator for small wind power generators, and is a generator that is suitable for low-speed rotation, can easily be multipolarized, and can be manufactured with a relatively small capital investment. However, since it is a permanent magnet field, the magnetic flux is fixed and the mechanical input of the generator cannot be controlled arbitrarily, so it cannot be operated at the maximum output point of the wind turbine. Since the armature is joined to the fixed shaft, it is an outer rotor type, and the inner rotor type has a complicated structure. Furthermore, the heat generated by the resistance loss generated in the armature winding does not easily escape to the outside. There is also a drawback that the temperature rise of the becomes high.

In order to improve the above-mentioned drawbacks, permanent magnets are arranged in the SPM method in the field, and an electromagnet is also used in order to freely change the magnetic flux, and the field is attached to the central rotating shaft. In the inner rotor type, the exciting coil of the electromagnet is wound in the vicinity of the rotating shaft to shorten the circumference to reduce the winding resistance, and the heat generated by the resistance loss generated in the winding is The basic issue is to make the structure easier to conduct to the aluminum bracket and reduce the temperature rise of the winding.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the first invention of the present application has a DC electromagnet and a permanent magnet in a field, an armature at the center in the rotation axis direction, and two fields and two axials on both sides thereof. In an axial air gap type synchronous generator with an air gap, the armature has teeth of salient poles on both sides of the back yoke, and each is made of a ferromagnetic material such as SMC (soft magnetic composite material). Armature windings are applied to the teeth, and the central armature back yoke is fixed to the aluminum bracket to facilitate the dissipation of heat due to resistance loss generated in the armature windings, and the teeth of these armatures are axial. Opposed to the permanent magnet and electromagnet of the field through the air gap, the permanent magnet and the electromagnet are alternately mounted in the circumferential direction, all the permanent magnets have the same pole, and the electromagnet sandwiched between them is permanent. The polarities of the magnet and the different poles are set, the electromagnet group and the permanent magnet group each form a consequent pole, and the magnetic flux of each pole of the field is the average value of the magnetic flux of each pole of the electromagnet and the permanent magnet. Therefore, if the magnetic flux of the electromagnet is changed, the average magnetic flux value of each pole of the field can be changed. The field back yoke and the electromagnet are made of a ferromagnetic material such as an electromagnetic steel plate or SMC.
The two field back yokes on both sides are fixed to the rotating shaft of the ferromagnetic material, and the coil for exciting the electromagnet is wound around the shaft in the space between the inner diameter of the armature and the rotating shaft. It is fixed to the inner diameter side of the armature via an electrical insulator. With such a structure, two DC magnetic circuits of a permanent magnet and an electromagnet whose magnetic flux flows are opposite to each other are formed. That is, the flow of magnetic flux of the permanent magnet is N pole permanent magnet ⇒ axial air gap ⇒ armature iron core ⇒ axial air gap ⇒ S pole permanent magnet ⇒ field back yoke ⇒ rotating shaft ⇒ field back yoke ⇒ N pole permanent magnet. On the other hand, the flow of the magnetic flux of one electromagnet is as follows: N pole of the rotating shaft ⇒ field back yoke ⇒ S pole field core ⇒ axial air gap ⇒ armature core ⇒ axial air gap ⇒ N pole field core ⇒ field Magnetic back yoke ⇒ Flows to the S pole of the rotating shaft. Since the bearing is provided between the bracket on the outer side of these magnetic circuits and the rotating shaft, no adverse effects such as electrolytic corrosion occur.

The second invention of the present application has an armature at the center in the rotation axis direction and two field magnets on both sides thereof, and the armature is provided with a coreless winding without an iron core and is held by an electrical insulator. The electrical insulator is fixed to the aluminum bracket, the coreless winding faces the permanent magnet and the electromagnet through the air gap, and is fixed to the field back yoke on the opposite side, and the permanent magnet is All the same poles are attached in the SPM shape, the iron core magnetic poles forming the electromagnet are configured to be magnetic poles of different poles with the permanent magnets, fixed to the field back yoke, and the two field back yokes are made of steel The excitation coil for the electromagnet is wound around the rotating shaft and fixed to the inner diameter side of the armature via an insulator.The polarity of the electromagnet is opposite to that of the permanent magnet in the excitation coil. , The rotating shaft is supported via bearings near the center of both sides of the bracket, and the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet flows from the N pole permanent magnet ⇒ axial air gap ⇒ armature winding ⇒ axial air. Gap ⇒ S pole permanent magnet ⇒ field back yoke ⇒ rotating shaft ⇒ field back yoke ⇒ N pole permanent magnet, and the magnetic flux flow of one electromagnet flows in the direction opposite to the magnetic flux flow of the permanent magnet, N pole ⇒ Field back yoke ⇒ S pole field iron core ⇒ Axial air gap ⇒ Armature winding ⇒ Axial air gap ⇒ N pole field magnetic core ⇒ Field back yoke ⇒ S pole of rotating shaft Axial air gap type inner rotor type coreless winding field magnetic flux variable type synchronous generator whose amount is the average magnetic flux of the magnetic flux of each pole by the permanent magnet and the magnetic flux of each pole by the electromagnet.

According to the third invention of the present application, when the armature has an iron core as in claim 1, cogging torque may be generated between the armature and the magnetic pole of the field to prevent the starting. In order to maximize the greatest common divisor of (n) and the number of poles of the field (2p), 2p±1=3 (2n+1), and the greatest common divisor (n×2p) is n(6n+3±1).

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in claim 2, a holding member made of aluminum, copper or the like is attached between the outer peripheral portion of the coreless armature winding and each coil, except for the inner peripheral portion thereof. By holding the electrical insulator that holds the outer periphery of the armature and fixing the outer diameter of the outer periphery to the aluminum bracket of the jacket, the heat generated in the armature winding can be shortened by passing through the nearby electrical insulator. Axial air gap type characterized in that the temperature rise of the armature winding is reduced by making it easier to escape to the holding member such as aluminum and the aluminum bracket, and easily transfer the heat generated inside the winding to the outside air. Inner rotor coreless winding field magnetic flux variable type synchronous generator

By implementing the first invention, in the field, the magnetic poles of the direct current electromagnet and the magnetic poles of the permanent magnet independently form a consequent pole, and both magnetic fluxes are mutually separated in the two air gaps. Flow in the opposite direction to form a predetermined number of poles, and the combined magnetic flux is the average value of each magnetic flux.Therefore, by controlling the DC exciting current, the magnetic flux of the DC electromagnet can be controlled and the combined magnetic flux can be controlled. Therefore, the mechanical input or electrical output of the generator can be controlled. Also, the heat generated by the iron loss generated in the armature core and the resistance loss generated in the armature winding is transmitted to the aluminum bracket of the outer shell through the armature core and released to the outside air, so that the temperature rise of the armature winding does not occur. It can be kept low.
Since the DC excitation winding of the electromagnet is housed in a wide space between the inner diameter of the armature and the rotating shaft and wound so as to wind the rotating shaft, the circumference is short even if the number of windings is large, and Since the cross-sectional area can be increased, the winding resistance can be reduced, and the excitation loss can be reduced even if the magnetic flux of the electromagnet is increased.
Further, since the magnetic flux of the DC electromagnet does not pass through the inner ring of the bearing, electrolytic corrosion of the bearing due to ripple current does not occur.

By implementing the second invention, the same effect can be obtained in an axial air gap type inner rotor type coreless winding variable field magnetic flux variable type synchronous generator in which an armature is provided with a coreless winding without an iron core. Be done.

By carrying out the third invention, even in the axial air gap type inner rotor type variable field magnetic flux variable type synchronous generator having the iron core (core, teeth) in the armature, the cogging torque is small and the starting rotation is possible even at a low wind speed. Becomes

By carrying out the fourth invention, the temperature rise of the armature winding in the axial air gap type inner rotor type coreless winding variable field magnetic flux variable type synchronous generator can be reduced.

By using the variable magnetic flux field type synchronous generator, the generator can be operated at the maximum mechanical output point of the wind turbine over a wide fluctuation range of wind speed. It has the effect of increasing the amount of power generated per year, rather than using a generator. This also has the effect of shortening the recovery period of capital investment funds.
Also, since permanent magnets and electromagnets can be used for the field, the magnetic flux can be supplemented by the electromagnets even if inexpensive ferrite magnets are used for the permanent magnets, and the field is formed only by the electromagnets without using any permanent magnets. It is also possible to expect cost reduction effects.
Since it is suitable for multiple poles, a speed increaser is not required for low-speed wind turbines, so it is possible to reduce costs, improve reliability, reduce failures, and reduce maintenance service costs. There is.
When using this axial air gap type variable magnetic flux field generator as an electric motor, it is possible to increase the exciting current at the time of starting to increase the starting torque, and at the time of high speed operation, in the case of a permanent magnet electric motor, for weakening the field. It is necessary to pass a current, but in the case of the variable field magnetic flux type, the speed can be increased by reducing the exciting current, so that it can function as a highly efficient synchronous motor.

The sectional view of the axial air gap type variable magnetic flux field type synchronous generator is shown. The A arrow arrow view of an axial air gap type variable magnetic flux field type synchronous generator is shown. The arrow A is according to FIG. The arrow B figure of the axial air gap type|mold variable magnetic flux field type synchronous generator is shown. The arrow B is according to FIG. The CO sectional view of an axial air gap type|mold variable magnetic flux field type synchronous generator is shown. The schematic diagram of the magnetic circuit of the axial air gap type|mold variable magnetic flux field type synchronous generator is shown. The sectional view of the axial air gap type coreless winding type variable magnetic flux field type synchronous generator is shown. The sectional view of the heat conduction improvement type of the axial air gap type coreless winding type variable magnetic flux field type synchronous generator is shown. FIG. 3 shows an AO cross-sectional view of an axial air gap type coreless winding type variable magnetic flux field type synchronous generator. AO cross section is according to FIG. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the axial air gap type coreless winding type variable magnetic flux field type synchronous generator with improved heat conduction, taken along the line BO. The cross section B--O is according to FIG. The schematic diagram of the magnetic circuit of the coreless type axial air gap type variable magnetic flux field type synchronous generator is shown.

Some embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 7, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

The axial air gap type variable magnetic flux field type synchronous generator of the first invention will be described with reference to FIG.
A rotating shaft 13 made of a ferromagnetic material is passed through a bearing 14 at the center of both ends of a bracket 12 made of a non-magnetic material divided into two in the axial direction, and an armature 2 serving as a stator is provided at the center of the bracket. The magnetic field is attached to the rotary shaft via two axial air gaps 11 on both sides, and the magnetic field is joined to the rotary shaft and integrated with the rotary shaft by an external rotary force such as wind force. It rotates and induces a voltage in the winding 23 of the armature and functions as a generator. A direct current excitation winding 34 is provided on the inner diameter side of the armature, the magnetic pole of the field is formed by the N pole or S pole by the permanent magnet 33, and the S pole or N pole of the different pole is formed by the electromagnet 32. There is.

2(1) shows the field on the left side of one side, and FIG. 2(2) shows the field on the right side of the other side. One side of the back yoke made of a ferromagnetic material has magnetic poles of a permanent magnet and an electromagnet, respectively. Are alternately attached in the form of SPM, and their permanent magnets and electromagnets are opposed to the armatures via the axial air gaps. For the permanent magnets, the polarity of one field is the N pole and the other field is the N pole. The polarities of the magnets are arranged so that they are all S poles, all the electromagnets are located between the permanent magnets, one magnetic pole is the S pole opposite to the permanent magnet, and the other magnetic pole is the permanent magnet. The permanent magnet and the electromagnet form a consequent pole of opposite polarity by arranging so as to have the opposite N pole, and the number of poles in one air gap is equal to the number of permanent magnets and the number of magnetic poles of the electromagnet. That is, it is twice the number of the permanent magnets or the number of the magnetic poles of the electromagnet, and the amount of the magnetic flux of each pole corresponds to the average value of the amount of the magnetic flux of the permanent magnetic flux and the amount of the magnetic flux of the electromagnet.

FIG. 3 shows an armature, and there are magnetic poles or teeth made of a ferromagnetic material at symmetrical positions on both sides of a back yoke made of a ferromagnetic material, and those teeth are wound with an armature winding through an electric insulator. The wire is wound, and the winding direction of the winding is the same on both the left and right sides. Further, on the inner diameter side of this armature, a DC excitation winding wound so as to wind the rotary shaft is fixed via an electrical insulator.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a magnetic circuit of the entire generator. The bracket is made of a non-magnetic material such as aluminum, supports the back yoke of the armature, and has the function of releasing heat generated by resistance loss generated in the armature winding and iron loss generated in the teeth to the outside. Is not directly involved.
In the left field, n or s pole of the electromagnet is next to the S or N pole of the permanent magnet, next to it is the n or s pole of the electromagnet next to the S or N pole of the permanent magnet, and so on. S or n pole of the electromagnet next to the N or S pole of the permanent magnet at the same position in the circumferential direction with the armature sandwiched in the field of The s or n pole, and so on, are similarly arranged. The flow of the magnetic flux by the permanent magnet is the right permanent magnet N pole → right axial air gap → right tooth → armature back yoke → left tooth → left axial air gap → left permanent magnet S pole → left field. Back yoke→rotary shaft→right field back yoke→right permanent magnet N pole.
On the other hand, the flow of magnetic flux by the electromagnet is generated by applying a DC excitation current to the DC excitation winding, and the left electromagnet n pole → left axial air gap → left tooth → armature back yoke → right tooth → right Axial air gap→right electromagnet s pole→right field back yoke→rotation shaft→left field back yoke→left electro magnet n pole.

In this way, the permanent magnet and the electromagnet each form a consequent pole, and the combined magnetic flux Φt of each pole is the magnetic flux Φp of each pole of the permanent magnet and the magnetic flux Φe of each pole of the electromagnet, Φt=( Φp+Φe)/2.
The number of poles in each axial air gap is the sum of the number of permanent magnets and the number of electromagnets, that is, twice the number of permanent magnets or electromagnets, and the amount of magnetic flux for each pole is the amount of magnetic flux due to the permanent magnetic flux and the magnetic flux due to the electromagnet. Equivalent to the amount of the average value of.
Further, the amount of magnetic flux of the electromagnet is almost determined by the magnetic resistance in the axial air gap, and thus is obtained as follows.
Φe≒N×I/(2g/μ・S)
Where Φe: total amount of magnetic flux of electromagnet
N: Number of turns of DC excitation winding
I: DC excitation current
g: Length of axial air gap
μ: Permeability of air
S: Total area where the electromagnet facing one axial air gap faces the armature core (teeth)

Next, an axial air gap type inner rotor type coreless winding field magnetic flux variable type synchronous generator will be described with reference to FIG.
A rotating shaft 13 made of a ferromagnetic material is passed through a bearing 14 at the center of both ends of a bracket 12 made of a non-magnetic material divided in two in the axial direction, and an armature 2 serving as a stator is provided at the center of the bracket. The magnetic field is attached and the fields are opposed to each other through the two axial air gaps 11 on both sides thereof, and the field is joined to the rotary shaft and rotated integrally with the rotary shaft by an external rotary force such as wind force. It induces a voltage in the winding and functions as a generator. A direct current excitation winding 34 is provided on the inner diameter side of the armature, the magnetic pole of the field is formed by the N pole or S pole by the permanent magnet 33, and the S pole or N pole of the different pole is formed by the electromagnet 32. There is. Although the armature winding 23 is supported by the supporting member 25 made of an electrically insulating material, it may be supported by the supporting member 26 made of a non-ferrous metal as shown in FIG.

The axial air gap type inner rotor type coreless winding field magnetic flux variable type synchronous generator has the same field structure as that of the axial air gap type variable magnetic flux field type synchronous generator shown in FIG. Explain.
2(1) shows the field on the left side of one side, and FIG. 2(2) shows the field on the right side of the other side. One side of the back yoke made of a ferromagnetic material has magnetic poles of a permanent magnet and an electromagnet, respectively. Are alternately attached in the form of SPM, and their permanent magnets and electromagnets are opposed to the armatures via the axial air gaps. For the permanent magnets, the polarity of one field is the N pole and the other field is the N pole. The polarities of the magnets are arranged so that they are all S poles, all the electromagnets are located between the permanent magnets, one magnetic pole is the S pole opposite to the permanent magnet, and the other magnetic pole is the permanent magnet. The permanent magnet and the electromagnet form a consequent pole of opposite polarity by arranging so as to have the opposite N pole, and the number of poles in one air gap is equal to the number of permanent magnets and the number of magnetic poles of the electromagnet. That is, it is twice the number of the permanent magnets or the number of the magnetic poles of the electromagnet, and the amount of the magnetic flux of each pole corresponds to the average value of the amount of the magnetic flux of the permanent magnetic flux and the amount of the magnetic flux of the electromagnet.

FIG. 6(1) shows an armature, in which the armature winding 23 is fixed to an armature winding supporting member 25 made of an electrical insulator, and the winding directions of the windings are the same on the left and right sides. Further, as shown in FIG. 6B, a non-ferrous metal support member 26 is provided around the armature winding 23, and the armature winding is supported through an insulator, so that the resistance generated in the armature winding is increased. The heat generated by the loss may be easily released to the outside.
Further, on the inner diameter side of this armature, a DC excitation winding 34 wound so as to wind the rotary shaft 13 is fixed via an electric insulator 24.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a magnetic circuit of the entire generator. The bracket is made of a non-magnetic material such as aluminum and has a function of supporting a supporting member of the armature and releasing heat generated by resistance loss generated in the armature winding to the outside, but is not directly involved in the magnetic circuit.
In the left field, n or s pole of the electromagnet is next to the S or N pole of the permanent magnet, next to it is the n or s pole of the electromagnet next to the S or N pole of the permanent magnet, and so on. S or n pole of the electromagnet next to the N or S pole of the permanent magnet at the same position in the circumferential direction with the armature sandwiched in the field of The s or n pole, and so on, are similarly arranged. The flow of magnetic flux by the permanent magnet is the right permanent magnet N pole → the right axial air gap → the armature → the left axial air gap → the left permanent magnet S pole → the left field back yoke → the rotating shaft → the right field magnet. The back yoke becomes the right permanent magnet north pole.
On the other hand, the flow of magnetic flux by the electromagnet is generated by applying a DC excitation current to the DC excitation winding, and the left electromagnet n pole → left axial air gap → armature → right axial air gap → right electromagnet s pole → The right field back yoke→rotation shaft→left field back yoke→left electromagnet n pole.

ここで、Φｅ：電磁石の磁束の総量
Ｎ：直流励磁巻線の巻数
Ｉ：直流励磁電流

μ：空気の透磁率
Ｓｃ：一つのアキシャルエアギャップに面した電磁石の総面積In this way, the permanent magnet and the electromagnet each form a consequent pole, and the combined magnetic flux Φt of each pole is the magnetic flux Φp of each pole of the permanent magnet and the magnetic flux Φe of each pole of the electromagnet, Φt=( Φp+Φe)/2.
The number of poles in each axial air gap is the sum of the number of permanent magnets and the number of electromagnets, that is, twice the number of permanent magnets or electromagnets, and the amount of magnetic flux for each pole is the amount of magnetic flux due to the permanent magnetic flux and the magnetic flux due to the electromagnet. Equivalent to the amount of the average value of.
Further, the amount of magnetic flux of the electromagnet is almost determined by the magnetic resistance in the axial air gap, and is thus calculated as follows.

Where Φe: total amount of magnetic flux of electromagnet
N: Number of turns of DC excitation winding
I: DC excitation current

μ: Permeability of air
Sc: Total area of the electromagnet facing one axial air gap

As described above, this generator has the following features.
Since the field magnet has an electromagnet, the gradient of the torque and the angular velocity can be changed, so that the maximum output point of the wind turbine can be tracked in a wide range of wind speeds by a simple control method, and the efficiency of the wind turbine can be improved.
In this synchronous generator, an inexpensive ferrite magnet is used as a permanent magnet, and the decrease in magnetic force can be compensated for by an electromagnet. In addition, it is possible to operate only the electromagnet without using the permanent magnet at all, and even in those cases, it is possible to widely operate at the maximum output point of the wind turbine, so that the cost can be significantly reduced.
In addition, since the axial air gap generator is suitable for multi-polarization, a speed increaser is not required for low-speed wind turbines, so costs can be reduced, reliability is high, and there are few failures, and maintenance service costs are also reduced. There is an economic effect.
When using this axial air gap type variable magnetic flux field generator as an electric motor, the exciting current can be increased at the time of starting to increase the starting torque. Therefore, it can be made to function as a highly efficient synchronous motor.

1 Generator 11 Axial air gap 12 Bracket (non-ferrous metal)
13 Rotation axis (ferromagnetic material)
14 bearing 2 armature 21 armature back yoke 22 armature tooth (magnetic pole)
23 Armature Winding 24 Electrical Insulation Member 25 Armature Support Member (Electrical Insulation Member)
26 Armature support member (non-ferrous metal member)
3 field 31 field back yoke 32 field magnetic pole 321 field magnetic pole (N pole)
322 Field magnetic pole (S pole)
33 permanent magnet 331 permanent magnet (N pole)
332 Permanent magnet (S pole)
34 DC excitation winding N Permanent magnet (N pole)
S Permanent magnet (S pole)
n field magnetic pole (N pole)
s Field magnetic pole (S pole)

Claims (5)

There is an armature in the center of the rotation axis direction, there are two fields on both sides of it, and the armature has salient pole-shaped magnetic poles (teeth) on both sides of the armature back yoke. Has an armature winding, and the armature back yoke is fixed to an aluminum bracket.The armature cores on both sides face the permanent magnets and electromagnets through the air gap, and the field back on the other side. The permanent magnets are fixed to the yoke and all the permanent magnets are attached in an SPM shape with the same poles. The iron core magnetic poles forming the electromagnets are fixed to the field back yoke so as to have polarities different from those of the permanent magnets, and the field back yoke is ferromagnetic. The DC excitation coil for the electromagnet is fixed on the inner side of the winding armature core through an insulator so that the rotation axis is wound, and the polarity of the electromagnet is permanently attached to the DC excitation coil. A DC excitation current is applied so that it is opposite to the magnet, the rotating shaft is supported via bearings near the center of both sides of the bracket, and the flux of the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet is N-pole permanent magnet ⇒ axial air gap ⇒ armature core. ⇒ Axial air gap ⇒ S pole permanent magnet ⇒ Field back yoke ⇒ Rotating shaft ⇒ Field back yoke ⇒ N pole permanent magnet The magnetic flux of one electromagnet flows in the direction opposite to that of the permanent magnet and rotates. Axis N pole ⇒ Field back yoke ⇒ S pole field iron core ⇒ Axial air gap ⇒ Armature iron core ⇒ Axial air gap ⇒ N pole field magnet core ⇒ Field back yoke ⇒ S pole of the rotating shaft The magnetic flux amount of each pole is the average magnetic flux amount of the magnetic flux of each pole by the permanent magnet and the magnetic flux of each pole by the electromagnet. There is an armature in the center of the rotation axis direction, there are two fields on both sides of it, and a coreless winding without iron core is applied to the armature and it is held by an electrical insulator, which is an aluminum bracket. Fixed to the field magnet, the coreless winding faces the permanent magnet and the electromagnet through the air gap, and is fixed to the field back yoke on the opposite side of the permanent magnet and the electromagnet. , The iron magnetic pole forming the electromagnet is fixed to the field back yoke so as to have a polarity different from that of the permanent magnet, the field back yoke is fixed to the rotating shaft made of a ferromagnetic material, and the DC exciting coil for the electro magnet is It is wound so as to wind the rotary shaft, and is fixed to the inner diameter side of the armature via an insulator, and a DC exciting current is applied to the DC exciting coil so that the polarity of the electromagnet is opposite to that of the permanent magnet. The rotating shaft is supported via bearings near the center of both sides of the bracket, and the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet flows from the N pole permanent magnet ⇒ axial air gap ⇒ armature winding ⇒ axial air gap ⇒ S pole permanent magnet ⇒ field magnet. Back yoke ⇒ rotating shaft ⇒ field back yoke ⇒ N pole It becomes a permanent magnet, and the flow of magnetic flux of one electromagnet flows in the opposite direction to the flow of magnetic flux by the permanent magnet, and N pole of rotating shaft ⇒ field back yoke ⇒ S pole. Field core ⇒ Axial air gap ⇒ Armature winding ⇒ Axial air gap ⇒ N pole Field magnet core ⇒ Field back yoke ⇒ Flow so that it becomes the S pole of the rotating shaft, and the amount of magnetic flux of each pole is per pole by a permanent magnet Axial air gap type inner rotor type coreless winding field magnetic flux variable type synchronous generator in which the average magnetic flux of the magnetic flux of each pole by the electromagnetic magnet The axial air gap type inner rotor type field magnet according to claim 1, wherein the number of teeth of the armature is a number that is one more or one less than the number of poles of the field, and is a multiple of three. Variable magnetic flux synchronous generator The core holding armature winding according to claim 2, wherein an aluminum holding member is mounted between the winding and the outer peripheral portion of the coreless armature winding, and an outer diameter portion of the holding member is joined and fixed to an aluminum bracket of the outer cover. Axial air gap type inner rotor type coreless winding field magnetic flux variable type synchronous generator that makes it easy to release heat to the outside. The axial air gap type inner rotor type variable field magnetic flux variable type synchronous motor according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3 and 4, wherein the field, armature and overall structure are the same as those of the generator.

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