JP2018029773A - 生体活動検出装置および生体活動検出システム - Google Patents
生体活動検出装置および生体活動検出システム Download PDFInfo
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- A61H2201/00—Characteristics of apparatus not provided for in the preceding codes
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Abstract
【解決手段】被検者の肢体動作に連動して能動的又は受動的に駆動する駆動部と、駆動部からの出力信号に基づいて、被検者の肢体動作に伴う関節周りの物理量を検出する関節周り検出部と、関節を基準とする被検者の体表部位に配置され、当該被検者の生体信号を検出するための電極群を有する生体信号検出部とを備え、関節周り検出部から得られる物理量と生体信号処理部から得られる筋電位信号及び神経伝達信号に基づいて、関節を中心とする筋骨格系の活動状態及び/又は末梢神経系の伝達状態を定量的な筋骨格系データ及び/又は神経系データに変換する。
【選択図】図4
Description
人が体を動かそうとする際、その運動意思は微弱なイオン電流として、脳、脊髄、運動神経、筋肉へと伝達され、最終的に筋骨格系が動くことになる。本願発明者による特許第4200492号等の特許発明である装着式動作補助装置が知られている。
本発明におけるに筋骨格系の活動状態や末梢神経系の伝達状態を定量的にデータ化する生体活動検出装置として、全身用の装着式動作補助装置を適用するとともに、当該装着式動作補助装置から取得する筋骨格系データ及び神経系データを管理する生体活動検出システムの実施形態について説明する。
(3−1)装着式動作補助装置の構成(下半身用:ハードウェア)
本実施の形態における下半身用の装着式動作補助装置10を生体活動検出装置として適用した場合について説明する。図3は、装着式動作補助装置10を被検者が装着した状態の一実施例を示す図である。装着式動作補助装置10は、例えば、腰、腿、脛などの人間(被検者)の体の関節同士の間に沿うように装着されるフレームがアクチュエータ部に回動自在に接続されたものである。
本実施形態による装着式動作補助装置10の制御系システムは、本願発明者による特登4178187号に記載された内容と軌を一にし、かつ同一原理を用いている。
次に、装着式動作補助装置が被検者に装着された際に被検者の歩行動作に伴って制御装置80が実行するアシスト制御について説明する。
本実施形態による脳血管特性計測装置120は、本願発明者による特登5283700号公報に記載された内容と軌を一にし、かつ同一原理を用いている。
本実施形態による生体信号計測装着具200は、本願発明者による特登5409637号公報に記載された内容と軌を一にし、かつ同一原理を用いている。
本実施形態による生体信号計測装着具210は、本願発明者による特開2013-179966号公報に記載された内容と軌を一にし、かつ同一原理を用いている。
以上のように本実施の形態によれば、生体活動検出システム1において、被検者が下肢用又は全身用の装着式動作補助装置2、10を用いて肢体動作を行い、関節周りの物理量と関節を基準とする体表部位から得られる生体信号に基づいて、筋骨格系の活動状態や末梢神経系の伝達状態を定量的な筋骨格系データ及び神経系データに変換し、管理サーバ4に蓄積することにより、該当する被検者の経過状態や遷移状態をモニタリングすることができる。
(7−1)生理情報の反映
なお本実施の形態においては、装着式動作補助装置10に被検者の生理情報を検出する生理情報検出部(図示せず)を備えておき、状態定量化部109(図4)は、生理情報検出部から得られた生理情報も、信号処理部110において筋骨格系データ及び/又は神経系データに反映させるようにしてもよい。
また本実施の形態においては、装着式動作補助装置10に被検者の日常行動を表す生活情報を検出する生活情報検出部(図示せず)を備えておき、 状態定量化部109(図4)は、生活情報検出部から得られた生活情報も、信号処理部110において筋骨格系データ及び/又は神経系データに反映させるようにしても良い。
さらに本実施の形態においては、被検者の身体反応を表す外観取得情報を検出する外観取得情報検出部(図示せず)を備え、 状態定量化部109(図4)は、外観取得情報検出部から得られた外観取得情報も、信号処理部110において筋骨格系データ及び/又は神経系データに反映させるようにしても良い。
上述のように本実施の形態においては、装着式動作補助装置2、10を適用して被検者がフレーム機構部20及び駆動部90等を下肢や全身に装着するようにした場合について述べたが、本発明はこれに限らず、被検者の肢体動作を当該肢体自体から直接的に又は外部から間接的に計測する動作計測部(図示せず)を備えるようにしても良い。
Claims (14)
- 被検者の肢体動作に連動して能動的又は受動的に駆動する駆動部と、
前記駆動部からの出力信号に基づいて、前記被検者の肢体動作に伴う関節周りの物理量を検出する関節周り検出部と、
前記関節を基準とする前記被検者の体表部位に配置され、当該被検者の生体信号を検出するための電極群を有する生体信号検出部と、
前記生体信号検出部により取得された生体信号から、前記被検者の筋活動に伴う筋電位信号と前記被検者の筋骨格系を動作させるための神経伝達信号とを取得する生体信号処理部と、
前記関節周り検出部から得られる物理量と前記生体信号処理部から得られる筋電位信号及び神経伝達信号のいずれか一方又は両方とに基づいて、前記関節を中心とする筋骨格系の活動状態及び/又は末梢神経系の伝達状態を定量的な筋骨格系データ及び/又は神経系データに変換する状態定量化部と
を備えることを特徴とする生体活動検出装置。 - 前記被検者の肢体動作を当該肢体自体から直接的に又は外部から間接的に計測する動作計測部をさらに備え、
前記関節周り検出部は、前記駆動部からの出力信号とともに又はこれに代えて、前記被検者の肢体動作に伴う関節周りの物理量を検出する
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の生体活動検出装置。 - 前記生体信号検出部の電極群を、前記被検者の体表部位における前記関節を基準とする部位以外の所望部位に配置しておき、
前記生体信号処理部は、前記生体信号検出部により取得された生体信号から前記被検者の筋骨格系を動作させるための神経伝達信号を取得し、
前記状態定量化部は、前記生体信号処理部から得られる神経伝達信号に基づいて、前記所望部位を中心とする中枢神経系及び末梢神経系のいずれか一方又は両方の伝達状態を定量的な神経系データに変換する
ことを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載の生体活動検出装置。 - 前記被検者の頭部に装着され、当該頭部の被計測領域における脳波及び脳血流を測定する脳活動測定部をさらに備え、
前記状態定量化部は、前記脳活動測定部から得られた脳波及び脳血流の測定データに基づく前記頭部を中心とする中枢神経系の伝達状態も、前記神経系データとして追加する
ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれか一項に記載の生体活動検出装置。 - 前記生体信号検出部により取得された生体信号に基づいて、前記被検者の意思に従った動力を前記駆動部に発生させるための指令信号を生成する随意的制御部と、
前記随意的制御部により生成された指令信号に基づいて、対応する各生体信号に応じた電流を生成し、前記駆動部に供給する駆動電流生成部とを備え、
前記状態定量化部は、前記駆動部の駆動状態も、前記筋骨格系データ及び/又は前記神経系データに反映させる
ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれか一項に記載の生体活動検出装置。 - 前記被検者の重心位置を検出する重心位置検出部を有し、
前記駆動部の駆動状態と前記重心位置検出部による重心位置とに基づいて、当該被検者の歩行状態を認識する歩行状態認識部とを備え、
前記状態定量化部は、前記歩行状態認識部から得られた前記被検者の歩行状態の認識結果も、前記筋骨格系データ及び/又は前記神経系データに反映させる
ことを特徴とする請求項5に記載の生体活動検出装置。 - 前記生体信号検出部の電極群に対応して配置され、前記被検者の体表に対して物理的な刺激を与えるための端子群を有する刺激付与部と、
前記刺激付与部の端子群をそれぞれ制御する刺激制御部とを備え、
前記状態定量化部は、前記刺激付与部による刺激付与結果も、前記筋骨格系データ及び前記神経系データのいずれか一方又は両方に反映させる
ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項6のいずれか一項に記載の生体活動検出装置。 - 前記刺激制御部は、前記生体信号検出部から検出される前記生体信号の信号波形に変化が現れるまで、前記刺激付与部による刺激付与の強弱レベル、パターン及び時間のうち少なくとも1以上を調整する
ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項7のいずれか一項に記載の生体活動検出装置。 - 前記筋骨格系データ及び前記神経系データのいずれか一方又は両方に基づいて、筋骨格系の活動状態、中枢神経系及び末梢神経系の伝達状態のうち少なくとも1以上を表す2次元又は3次元の身体マップ画像を生成するマップ画像生成部をさらに備える
ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至8のいずれか一項に記載の生体活動検出装置。 - 前記被検者の生理情報を検出する生理情報検出部を備え、
前記状態定量化部は、前記生理情報検出部から得られた生理情報も、前記筋骨格系データ及び/又は前記神経系データに反映させる
ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項9のいずれか一項に記載の生体活動検出装置。 - 前記被検者の日常行動を表す生活情報を検出する生活情報検出部を備え、
前記状態定量化部は、前記生活情報検出部から得られた生活情報も、前記筋骨格系データ及び/又は前記神経系データに反映させる
ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項10のいずれか一項に記載の生体活動検出装置。 - 前記被検者の身体反応を表す外観取得情報を検出する外観取得情報検出部を備え、
前記状態定量化部は、前記外観取得情報検出部から得られた外観取得情報も、前記筋骨格系データ及び/又は前記神経系データに反映させる
ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項11のいずれか一項に記載の生体活動検出装置。 - 請求項1乃至請求項12のいずれか一項に記載の生体活動検出装置と、
当該生体活動検出装置に設けられ、前記状態定量化部から前記筋骨格系データ及び/又は前記神経系データを取得して送信する信号処理部と、
前記生体活動検出装置と別体に設けられ、前記信号処理部から送信される前記筋骨格系データ及び/又は前記神経系データを受信し、通信回線を介して管理サーバに送信するデータ端末装置と
を備えることを特徴とする生体活動検出システム。 - 前記信号処理部は、前記データ端末装置を介して前記管理サーバから読み出された前記筋骨格系データ及び/又は前記神経系データに基づく診断情報を取得し、
前記状態定量化部は、前記診断情報も、前記筋骨格系データ及び前記神経系データのいずれか一方又は両方に反映させる
ことを特徴とする請求項13に記載の生体活動検出システム。
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