JP2018024664A - 遅速性脳室内送達 - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本発明は脳への薬剤の送達に関する。特に、脳の診断、治療、および造影に関する。
リソソーム蓄積症(LSD)として知られる代謝性疾患の一群は40を超える遺伝性疾患を含み、それらの多くはさまざまなリソソーム加水分解酵素の遺伝子欠損を伴う。代表的なリソソーム蓄積症および関連する欠損酵素を表1に示す。
スフィンゴミエリン+H2O→N−アシルスフィンゴシン+コリンリン酸
という変換を行う。
本発明の一の実施形態により、患者の脳に薬剤を送達する方法が提供される。薬剤は、単回投与が2時間を超える時間を費やすような投与の速度で、脳の側脳室を経由して患者に投与される。
薬剤が、単回投与を、少なくとも患者の血清中に薬剤が検出されるまで継続するような投与の速度で、脳の側脳室を経由して患者に投与される。
図1は、スフィンゴミエリンから分析された脳の区分の略図を示す。S1は脳の前部およびS5は脳の後部である。
発明者らは、ボーラス送達よりも遅い速度での患者への薬剤の脳室内送達が導入部位から脳の末梢部への薬剤の効果的な浸透を増大することを発見している。この方法で投与できる薬剤はいくらもあるが、特に診断剤、造影剤、麻酔剤、および治療剤を含む。この送達法は特に血液脳関門を越えることができない薬剤で有用である。
最大約36kbの外来核酸を収容できるこのようなPAVは、ベクターに対する宿主免疫応答の可能性または複製能のあるウイルスの産生を軽減する一方で、ベクターの保有能が最適化されるため有利である。PAVベクターは、複製起点を含む5’逆方向末端反復配列(ITR)および3’ITRヌクレオチド配列、およびPAVゲノムのパッケージに必要とされるシス作用性ヌクレオチド配列を含み、1以上の導入遺伝子を適切な調節エレメント、例えばプロモーター、エンハンサー等とともに収容することができる。
通常、主要後期プロモーター(MLP)の制御下にあるアデノウイルス後期遺伝子はベクター中に存在するが、MLPは条件付きプロモーターにより置換されてもよい。
AAVの名前の由来は、AAVの増殖感染を可能にするのに、すなわち、宿主細胞においてそれ自身の複製を可能とするのに必須の遺伝子産物を供給するために、アデノウイルスまたは他のヘルパーウイルス(例えば、ヘルペスウイルス)に依存することによる。ヘルパーウイルスの不在において、AAVは、ヘルパーウイルス、通常アデノウイルスによる宿主細胞の重複感染によりそれがレスキューされるまで、プロウイルスとして宿主細胞の染色体に組み込まれる(Muzyczka,Curr.Top.Micro.Immunol.158:97−127,1992)。
*1−46残基が分泌の際に開裂されるシグナル配列を構成する。
ASMKOマウスはAまたはB型ニーマン−ピック病の一般的に受け入れられているモデルである(Horinouchiら(1995)Nat. Genetics,10:288−293;Jinら(2002)J. Clin. Invest.,109:1183−1191;およびOtterbach(1995)Cell,81:1053−1061)。ニーマン−ピック病(NPD)はリソソーム蓄積症として分類され、酸性スフィンゴミエリナーゼ(ASM;スフィンゴミエリンコリンリン酸加水分解酵素、EC3.1.3.12)の遺伝子欠損により特徴付けられる遺伝性神経代謝性疾患である。機能的ASMたんぱく質の欠乏は、脳全域にわたる神経および神経膠のリソソーム中でのスフィンゴミエリン基質の蓄積をもたらす。このことが、A型NPDの顕著な特性および第一の細胞表現型である、周核体における多数の膨張したリソソームの形成をもたらす。膨張したリソソームの存在は、罹患した個体の幼児期における死をもたらす通常の細胞機能の喪失および進行性の神経変性過程と関連する(The Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited Diseases,eds.Scriverら,McGraw−Hill,New York,2001,頁3589−3610)。第二の細胞表現型(例えば、追加の代謝異常)もまた、この疾患、リソソーム区画におけるコレステロールの顕著に高いレベルの蓄積、と関連する。スフィンゴミエリンは、ASMKOマウスおよびヒト患者のリソソームにおいて大量のコレステロールの補足をもたらすという、コレステロールに対する強い親和性を有する(Leventhal ら(2001)J. Biol. Chem.,276:44976−44983;Slotte(1997)Subcell. Biochem.,28:277−293;およびVianaら(1990)J. Med. Genet.,27:499−504.)。
目的:rhASMの脳室内注入が、ASMKOマウスの脳における蓄積病状(すなわち、スフィンゴミエリンおよびコレステロールの蓄積)に対してどのような効果を有するかを決定すること。
目的:6時間の注入期間にわたって、最低の有効投与量を決定すること。
目的:(1)6時間のhASM(投与量=.250mg)の注入後、SPMが脳(および脊髄)内に再蓄積するまでにかかる時間;(2)脳室内hASM投与の反応において性差があるかどうか(過去の実験は肝臓における基質の蓄積において性差が存在することを立証するが、脳で生じるかどうかは不明である)、を決定すること。
目的:rhASM脳室内投与がASMKOマウスで誘発された認知障害の症状を緩和するかどうかを決定すること。
目的:脳室内注入後のASMKOマウスの脳および脊髄内のhASMたんぱく質分布を(時間関数として)決定すること。
引用された各々の参考文献の開示は出典明示により本明細書に組み込まれる。
1)Belichenko PV, Dickson PI, Passage M, Jungles S, Mobley WC, Kakkis ED. Penetration, diffusion, and uptake of recombinant human alpha−l−iduronidase after intraventricular injection into the rat brain. Mol Genet Metab. 2005;86(1−2):141−9。
2)Kakkis E, McEntee M, Vogler C, Le S, Levy B, Belichenko P, Mobley W, Dickson P, Hanson S, Passage M. Intrathecal enzyme replacement therapy reduces lysosomal storage in the brain and meninges of the canine model of MPS I. Mol Genet Metab. 2004;83(1−2):163−74。
3)Bembi B, Ciana G, Zanatta M,ら Cerebrospinal−fluid infusion of alglucerase in the treatment for acute neuronopathic Gaucher’s disease. Pediatr Res 1995;38:A425。
4)Lonser RR, Walbridge S, Murray GJ, Aizenberg MR, Vortmeyer AO, Aerts JM, Brady RO, Oldfield EH. Convection perfusion of glucocerebrosidase for neuronopathic Gaucher’s disease. Ann Neurol. 2005 Apr;57(4):542−8。
Claims (53)
- 患者の脳に薬剤を送達する方法であって:単回投与が2時間を超える時間を費やすような投与の速度で、脳の側脳室を経由して患者へ薬剤を投与することを含む方法。
- 患者の脳に薬剤を送達する方法であって:単回投与が、患者の脳脊髄液のターンオーバー時間の少なくとも50%の時間を費やすような投与の速度で、脳の側脳室を経由して患者へ薬剤を投与することを含む方法。
- 患者の脳に薬剤を送達する方法であって:患者の脳脊髄液のターンオーバー時間を評価し;ターンオーバー時間に基づいた脳の側脳室を経由する薬剤の速度および総送達時間を選択し;該総送達時間のための該選択された速度での薬剤の送達のためにポンプを設定することを含む方法。
- 患者の脳に薬剤を送達する方法であって:患者の脳脊髄液のターンオーバー時間を評価し;ターンオーバー時間に基づいた脳の側脳室を経由する薬剤の速度および総送達時間を選択し;該総送達時間のための該選択された速度で患者に薬剤を送達することを含む方法。
- 患者の脳に薬剤を送達する方法であって:単回投与を、少なくとも患者の血清中に薬剤が検出されるまで継続するような投与の速度で、脳の側脳室を経由して患者へ薬剤を投与することを含む方法。
- 速度が、評価されるターンオーバー時間の50%以上の時間で薬剤の単回投与で送達するものである、請求項3の方法。
- 速度が、評価されるターンオーバー時間の50%以上の時間で薬剤の単回投与で送達するものである、請求項4の方法。
- 速度が、評価されるターンオーバー時間の100%以上の時間で薬剤の単回投与で送達するものである、請求項3の方法。
- 速度が、評価されるターンオーバー時間の100%以上の時間で薬剤の単回投与で送達するものである、請求項4の方法。
- 速度が、評価されるターンオーバー時間の150%以上の時間で薬剤の単回投与で送達するものである、請求項3の方法。
- 速度が、評価されるターンオーバー時間の150%以上の時間で薬剤の単回投与で送達するものである、請求項4の方法。
- 投与が、ターンオーバー時間の少なくとも100%の時間を費やすものである、請求項2の方法。
- 投与が、ターンオーバー時間の少なくとも150%の時間を費やすものである、請求項2の方法。
- 投与が、ターンオーバー時間の少なくとも200%の時間を費やすものである、請求項2の方法。
- 投与が、ターンオーバー時間の少なくとも250%の時間を費やすものである、請求項2の方法。
- 薬剤が第3脳室にアクセスするものである、請求項1、2、3、または4の方法。
- 薬剤がシルビウス水道にアクセスするものである、請求項1、2、3、または4の方法。
- 薬剤が第4脳室にアクセスするものである、請求項1、2、3、または4の方法。
- 薬剤がルシュカ孔にアクセスするものである、請求項1、2、3、または4の方法。
- 薬剤がマジャンディー孔にアクセスするものである、請求項1、2、3、または4の方法。
- 薬剤が脊髄にアクセスするものである、請求項1、2、3、または4の方法。
- 薬剤がくも膜下腔にアクセスするものである、請求項1、2、3、または4の方法。
- 薬剤が血清にアクセスするものである、請求項1、2、3、または4の方法。
- 薬剤が造影剤である、請求項1、2、3、または4の方法。
- 薬剤が治療剤である、請求項1、2、3、または4の方法。
- 薬剤が麻酔剤である、請求項1、2、3、または4の方法。
- 薬剤が酵素である、請求項1、2、3、または4の方法。
- 薬剤がリソソーム蓄積症において欠損する酵素である、請求項1、2、3、または4の方法。
- 薬剤がX線を通さない造影剤である、請求項1、2、3、4、または5の方法。
- 薬剤が蛍光性の造影剤である、請求項1、2、3、4、または5の方法。
- 薬剤が放射性の造影剤である、請求項1、2、3、4、または5の方法。
- 薬剤がスフィンゴミエリナーゼである、請求項1、2、3、4、または5の方法。
- 患者がB型ニーマン・ピック病に罹患しているものである、請求項1、2、3、4、または5の方法。
- 薬剤がアルファ−L−イズロニダーゼである、請求項1、2、3、4、または5の方法。
- 患者がフルラー症候群に罹患しているものである、請求項1、2、3、4、または5の方法。
- 患者がゴーシェ病に罹患しているものである、請求項1、2、3、4、または5の方法。
- 薬剤がグルコセレブロシダーゼである、請求項1、2、3、4、または5の方法。
- 患者がファブリー病に罹患しているものである、請求項1、2、3、4、または5の方法。
- 薬剤がアルファ−ガラクトシダーゼAである、請求項1、2、3、4、または5の方法。
- 患者がポンペ病に罹患しているものである、請求項1、2、3、4、または5の方法。
- 薬剤が酸性マルターゼである、請求項1、2、3、4、または5の方法。
- 患者がテイ−サックス病に罹患しているものである、請求項1、2、3、4、または5の方法。
- 薬剤がヘキソサミニダーゼである、請求項1、2、3、4、または5の方法。
- 患者がII型糖原病に罹患しているものである、請求項1、2、3、4、または5の方法。
- 薬剤がアルファ−グルコシダーゼである、請求項1、2、3、4、または5の方法。
- 速度が、単回投与が4時間を超える時間を費やすような投与となるものである、請求項1の方法。
- 速度が、単回投与が6時間を超える時間を費やすような投与となるものである、請求項1の方法。
- 速度が、単回投与が8時間を超える時間を費やすような投与となるものである、請求項1の方法。
- 速度が、単回投与が10時間を超える時間を費やすような投与となるものである、請求項1の方法。
- 薬剤がカテーテルを使用して送達される、請求項1、2、4、または5の方法。
- 薬剤がポンプを使用して送達される、請求項1、2、4、または5の方法。
- 薬剤が埋め込み可能なポンプを使用して送達される、請求項1、2、4、または5の方法。
- 選択された速度で薬剤を排出するようにポンプを操作する工程をさらに含む請求項3の方法。
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