JP2017538702A - バクテロイデス・アシジファシエンスを有効成分として含む、代謝性疾患の予防又は治療用薬学的組成物 - Google Patents
バクテロイデス・アシジファシエンスを有効成分として含む、代謝性疾患の予防又は治療用薬学的組成物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
すべての動物実験は、牙山動物実験倫理委員会の承認を得た(許可番号:PN2014−13−069)。すべての実験は、ケタミン(100mg/kg)及びキシラジン(20mg/kg)による麻酔下で行った。
C57BL/6(B6)、及びCD11c−Cre、Villine−Cre,及びLysM−CreマウスをそれぞれCharles River Laboratories(Orient Bio Inc.,Sungnam,Korea)、及びJackson Laboratory(Bar Harbor、ME)から購入した。ATG7flox/floxマウスは、Dr.Masaaki Komatsu(Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science、Japan)から提供された。Atg7ΔCD11cマウスは、CD11ccreマウス及びATG7f/fマウスをソウル牙山病院の動物室で交配することにより製造した。すべてのマウスに無病原菌条件の下で滅菌された飼料と食水を提供した。B.acidifaciens(JCM10556)及びB.sartorii(JCM17136)は、RIKEN BioResource CenterのJapan Collection of Microorganisms(JCM)から購入した。
QIAamp DNA stool mini kits(Qiagen、Valencia、CA)を用いて糞便からcDNAを抽出した。16SrRNA遺伝子のV1ないしV3部位を標的するプライマーを用いてPCR増幅を行った。バクテリアの増幅のために、バーコードが付着したプライマー9F(5'−CCTATCCCCTGTGTGCCTTGGCAGTC−TCAG−AC−AGAGTTTGATCMTGGCTCAG−3';下線を引いた配列は、標的部位のプライマーを意味)及び541R(5'−CCATCTCATCCCTGCGTGTCTCCGAC−TCAG−X−AC−ATTACCGCGGCTGCTGG−3';'X'は、各対象の特異的バーコードを意味)(http://oklbb.ezbiocloud.net/content/1001)を用いた。
CE−TOF−MSを用いた荷電した代謝産物の量的分析を下記のように行った。10mgの凍結乾燥された糞便サンプルを3−mmジルコニア−シリカビーズ(BioSpec Products、Bartlesville、OK)を用いて粉砕し、内部標準としてカチオンとしてメチオニンスルホン(Wako、Osaka、Japan)、アニオンとしてMES(Dojindo、Kumamoto、Japan)、及びCSA(D−Camphol−10−sulfonic acid;Wako)をそれぞれ20μm含むMeOHの400μlを用いて均質化した。次に、200μlの脱−イオン水及び500μlのクロロホルムを追加した。Shakemaster neo(Bio Medical Science、Tokyo、Japan)を用いて10分間1,500r.p.m.で撹拌し、溶液を4℃で15分間4,600gに遠心分離し、Millipore5,000−Daカットオフフィルター(Millipore、Billerica、MA)を用いてフィルタリングしてタンパク質を除去した。濾液を凍結乾燥し、参照化合物として3−アミノピロリジン(Sigma−Aldrich)及びトリメサート(trimesate)(Wako)をそれぞれ200μmを含む25μl水に溶解させた。すべてのCE−TOF−MS実験は、Agilent Technologies equipment:CEキャピラリー電気泳動システム、G3250AALC/MSD TOFシステム、1100シリーズbinary HPLCポンプ、G1603ACE−MSアダプター、及びG1607A CE−ESI−MSsprayerキットを用いて行った。ピーク注釈(annotation)及び定量を決めるために、データを内部のソフトウェア(Sugimoto M et al.)を用いて(MasterHands)処理した。
pectrometry)測定
糞便の有機物濃度をガスクロマトグラフィー−質量分析計で決めた。糞便のエーテル抽出物の部分標本(80ml)をN−tert−ブチルジメチルシリル−Nメチルトリフルオロアセトアミドと混合した。バイアルを密封し、80℃で20分間湯煎で加熱し、48時間室温に置いて誘導体化(derivatization)した。誘導体化されたサンプルをHP−5MSコラム(0.25mm×30mm×0.25mm)及び5973Network mass Selective Detector(Agilent Technologies)を備えた6890N Network GC System(Agilent Technologies)で処理した。
血液サンプルを対照群及びBA−食餌マウスから得て、30分間、4℃で1800gで遠心分離した。DPP−4(dipeptidyl peptidasel−4)阻害剤を追加し、GLP−1濃度をGLP−1 ELISA kit(Shibayagi)を用いて決めた。
DPP−4レベルを測定した。野生型B6マウスに6時間の絶食後、BA(5×109CFU/100μl)またはこれの培養上層液(100μl/head)または培養培地単独をDPP−4阻害剤シタグリプチン(40mg/mouse;Merck Sharp Dohme and Chibret Laboratories,Rahway,NJ)とともに投与し、次にグルコースを30分後に提供した。15分後、回腸の腸内上皮細胞を前処理マウスから回収し、PBSで洗滌してルミナール物質を除去した。粘液を掻き出し、上皮を1〜2mmの長さに切り取り、1mlPBS内に位置させた。スライス組織を遠心分離(6,000g、4oC、5min)でスピンダウンし、50μlの上層液をキット試薬とともに2時間の間、37℃でDPP−4Glo protease assay(Promega、Madison、WI)を用いてインキュベーションした。DPP−4活性をシタグリプチンの不在下の対照群サンプルの値で計算した。
GraphPad Prism software(GraphPad、LaJolla、CA)を統計的分析に用いた。両群間の有意的な差をtwo−tailed paired t−testまたはMann−Whitney t−testで分析した。多数群の場合、two−way ANOVA及びそれに続くBonferroni post−hoc testを用いて分析した(*はP<0.05、**はP<0.01、***はP<0.001を示す)。
代謝性疾患の発病における兔疫細胞の自己消化作用の役割を確認するために、Atg7コンディショナルノックアウトマウスの樹状細胞(Atg7ΔCD11c)、消化管上皮細胞(Atg7Δvillin)、及びマクロファージ(Atg7ΔLysM)で体重及び行動を観察した。マウスにNCD(normal chow diet)を供給した。
以後、Atg7ΔCD11cマウスとそれの同産子の対照群マウス(Atg7flox/flox(f/f))の間の体重の差が増加することを確認した(図1A)。
老齢のAtg7ΔCD11cマウスが低い体重及び脂肪量を持つため、糞便から実施例4のCE−TOF−MS(capillary electrophoresis time−of−flight mass spectrometry)及び実施例5のGC−MS(gas chromatography mass spectrometry)を用いて痩せの表現型とエネルギーの利用との間の関連性を確認した。
Atg7ΔCD11cマウスの痩せの表現型が共生バクテリアに関連するかどうかを確認するために、コハウジング(co−housing、CH)及びFMT(fecal microbiota transplantation)実験を行った。生まれた時からAtg7ΔCD11c及びAtg7f/fマウスは、ケージを共有して糞便に露出させた。
腸内共生バクテリアの多様性と組成を確認するために、メタジェノミクス分析を用いた。パイロシーケンシング分析において、Bacteroidetes、Firmicutes、及びProteobacteriaの割合、門(phylum)レベルの腸内微生物の一次分布において、Atg7f/f及びAtg7ΔCD11cマウスの糞便が相互に類似することを確認した(図3A)。Bacteroidia(綱)、Bacteroidales(目)、Bacteroidaceae(科)、及びBacteroides(属)の分布も類似、または有意的な差がなかった(図3B)。しかし、種のレベルで、BAの割合がAtg7f/fマウスに比べてAtg7ΔCD11cマウスの糞便で有意に拡張されたことを確認した(5.48±1.76%vs.0.77±0.18%)(図3C、red arrow;図12及び13)。
拡張されたBAが脂質代謝を調節するかどうかを確認するために、BA(JCM10556)を得て、多量の微生物を確保するために培養し、これを非処理B6マウスに提供した。
Atg7ΔCD11c、FMTB6、及びBA−食餌B6マウスで減少した体重および脂肪量を検出したことに基づいて脂肪組織、肝、及び小腸での脂質代謝に関連した遺伝子の発現レベルを分析した。重要なことに、脂質β−酸化、特にPPARαに関連した遺伝子の発現がAtg7ΔCD11cマウスの精巣上体の脂肪組織に限って増加した(図5A)。小腸及び肝では、有意的な差を確認することができなかった(図19A及びB)。これらの結果と一貫して、PPARαの発現は、Atg7ΔCD11cの排泄抽出物を食餌したB6マウス、及びHFD並びにBAを10週間の食餌したマウスの精巣上体の脂肪組織から有意的に上向き調節されたことを確認した(図5、B及びC)。
Claims (16)
- バクテロイデス・アシジファシエンス(Bacteroides acidifaciens)を有効成分として含む、代謝性疾患の予防または治療用薬学的組成物。
- 前記代謝性疾患は、肥満、糖尿、糖尿病の合併症、脂肪肝、高血圧、末梢血管疾患、脂質異常症、インスリン抵抗性、心血管疾患、動脈硬化症、代謝症候群、高血糖症、高脂血症、及び炭水化物代謝異常からなる群より選択された1種以上であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の代謝性疾患の予防または治療用薬学的組成物。
- 前記バクテロイデス・アシジファシエンス(Bacteroides acidifaciens)は、肥満や一般の表現型に比べて痩せの表現型で腸内総菌における割合が高いことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の代謝性疾患の予防または治療用薬学的組成物。
- 前記バクテロイデス・アシジファシエンス(Bacteroides acidifaciens)は、脂肪組織内の脂肪の酸化を活性化させ、腸内のDPP−4(dipeptidal peptidase−4)の活性を抑制し、GLP−1を増加させるものである、請求項1に記載の代謝性疾患の予防または治療用薬学的組成物。
- バクテロイデス・アシジファシエンス(Bacteroides acidifaciens)を有効成分として含む、脂肪酸化用組成物。
- バクテロイデス・アシジファシエンス(Bacteroides acidifaciens)を有効成分として含む、DPP−4(dipeptidalpeptidase−4)阻害用組成物。
- バクテロイデス・アシジファシエンス(Bacteroides acidifaciens)を有効成分にする、代謝性疾患の改善または予防用食品組成物。
- 樹状細胞においてAtg7遺伝子が欠損した、痩せの表現型を示す形質転換体。
- 個体の樹状細胞にAtg7遺伝子を欠損させる段階を含む、痩せの表現型を示す形質転換体の製造方法。
- Atg7またはこれをコートする遺伝子の発現阻害剤または活性阻害剤を有効成分として含む、代謝性疾患の予防または治療用薬学的組成物。
- 代謝性疾患の予防または治療を必要とする対象にバクテロイデス・アシジファシエンス(Bacteroides acidifaciens)を投与する段階を含む、代謝性疾患の予防または治療方法。
- バクテロイデス・アシジファシエンス(Bacteroides acidifaciens)の代謝性疾患の予防または治療のための用途。
- バクテロイデス・アシジファシエンス(Bacteroides acidifaciens)の代謝性疾患の予防または治療のための薬学組成物の製造に使用するための用途。
- 脂肪の酸化またはDPP−4の阻止を必要とする対象にバクテロイデス・アシジファシエンス(Bacteroides acidifaciens)を投与する段階を含む、脂肪酸化またはDPP−4の阻害方法。
- バクテロイデス・アシジファシエンス(Bacteroides acidifaciens)の脂肪酸化またはDPP−4を阻止するための用途。
- バクテロイデス・アシジファシエンス(Bacteroides acidifaciens)の脂肪酸化またはDPP−4を阻害するための薬学組成物の製造に使用するための用途。
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R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |