JP2017531554A - 酸性ガスをガス流から除去する統合システム及び方法 - Google Patents
酸性ガスをガス流から除去する統合システム及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2017531554A JP2017531554A JP2017519519A JP2017519519A JP2017531554A JP 2017531554 A JP2017531554 A JP 2017531554A JP 2017519519 A JP2017519519 A JP 2017519519A JP 2017519519 A JP2017519519 A JP 2017519519A JP 2017531554 A JP2017531554 A JP 2017531554A
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- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 105
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 25
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- LVTYICIALWPMFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diisopropanolamine Chemical compound CC(O)CNCC(C)O LVTYICIALWPMFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
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- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1 GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanethiol Chemical compound SC LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001308 Zinc ferrite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000288 alkali metal carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000008041 alkali metal carbonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RWVDCJCCHSXYRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-hydroxyethyl)azanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].OCC[NH2+]CCO RWVDCJCCHSXYRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
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- BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen disulfide Chemical compound SS BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
- B01D53/06—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with moving adsorbents, e.g. rotating beds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/06—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents
- C01B3/12—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
- C01B3/16—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide using catalysts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
- B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
- B01D53/508—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with solids
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/54—Specific separation steps for separating fractions, components or impurities during preparation or upgrading of a fuel
- C10L2290/541—Absorption of impurities during preparation or upgrading of a fuel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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Abstract
Description
Claims (51)
- 酸性ガスをガス流から除去する方法であって、
供給ガスを脱硫ユニット内に流入させて、前記供給ガスから大部分の硫黄を除去し、前記脱硫ユニットが脱硫済みガスを生成するステップと、及び
前記脱硫済みガスをCO2除去ユニット内に流入させて、前記前記脱硫済みガスから大部分のCO2を除去するステップと
を備える、方法。 - 請求項1記載の方法において、前記供給ガスは、一酸化炭素(CO)、二酸化炭素(CO2)、水素ガス(H2)、シンガス、シフト済みシンガス、炭化水素(HC)、及び天然ガスのうち1つ又はそれ以上を含む、方法。
- 請求項1記載の方法において、前記供給ガスの硫黄化合物は、硫化水素(H2S)、硫化カルボニル(COS)、二硫化物、二硫化炭素(CS2)、メルカプタン、及び上述したもののうち2つ以上の組合せよりなるグループから選択する、方法。
- 請求項1記載の方法において、前記供給ガスを前記脱硫ユニットに流入させるステップは、約204.4℃(約400゜F)以上の温度、約204.4℃(約400゜F)〜約593.3℃(約1100゜F)の温度、及び約100℃〜約900℃の温度よりなるグループから選択した温度範囲内で行う、方法。
- 請求項1記載の方法において、前記供給ガスを前記脱硫ユニットに流入させるステップは、約1atm〜100atmの範囲にわたる圧力で行う、方法。
- 請求項1記載の方法において、前記脱硫済みガスを前記CO2除去ユニットに流入させるステップは、約−62.2℃(約−80゜F)〜約−1.1℃(約30゜F)の温度、約−1.1℃(約30゜F)〜約54.4℃(約130゜F)の温度、及び約93.3℃(約200゜F)〜約482.2℃(約900゜F)の温度よりなるグループから選択した温度範囲内で行う、方法。
- 請求項1記載の方法において、前記脱硫済みガスを前記CO2除去ユニットに流入させるステップは、約1atm〜約100atmの範囲にわたる圧力で行う、方法。
- 請求項1記載の方法において、前記脱硫ユニット及び前記CO2除去ユニットのうち少なくとも一方は、固定床反応器、可動床反応器、流動床反応器、輸送反応器、モノリス反応器、マイクロチャンネル反応器、吸収器ユニット、及び再生器ユニットに流体連通する吸収器ユニットからなるグループから選択したコンポーネントを有する、方法。
- 請求項1記載の方法において、前記供給ガスを前記脱硫ユニットに流入させるステップは、前記供給ガスを吸着剤に接触させるよう流入させるステップを含む、方法。
- 請求項9記載の方法において、前記吸着剤は、金属酸化物、酸化亜鉛、酸化銅、酸化鉄、酸化バナジウム、酸化マンガン、酸化第1スズ、酸化ニッケル、チタン酸金属、チタン酸亜鉛、金属フェライト、亜鉛フェライト、銅フェライト、及び上述したもののうち2つ以上の組合せよりなるグループから選択する、方法。
- 請求項9記載の方法において、前記吸着剤は、アルミナ(Al2O3)、二酸化ケイ素(SiO2)、二酸化チタン(TiO2)、ゼオライト、及び上述したもののうち2つ以上の組合せよりなるグループから選択した支持体を有する、方法。
- 請求項9記載の方法において、前記吸着剤は、再生可能又は再生不能であるものとする、方法。
- 請求項9記載の方法において、前記吸着剤は、約35μm〜約175μmの範囲内における平均粒径を有する、方法。
- 請求項9記載の方法において、前記供給ガスを吸着剤に接触するよう流入させるステップは、前記吸着剤及びキャリヤガスを含む吸着剤流に接触するよう前記供給ガスを流入させるステップを含む、方法。
- 請求項14記載の方法において、前記供給ガスを吸着剤流に接触するよう流入させるステップは吸収器ユニット内で行い、また、さらに、前記吸収器ユニットから前記脱硫済みガス及び硫化吸着剤を出力するステップを備える、方法。
- 請求項15記載の方法において、前記脱硫済みガスを硫化吸着剤から分離するステップを備える、方法。
- 請求項16記載の方法において、前記脱硫済みガスを硫化吸着剤から分離するステップは、前記脱硫済みガス及び硫化吸着剤を固形物分離器に流入させるステップを含む、方法。
- 請求項17記載の方法において、前記固形物分離器は、サイクロン分離器、静電集塵器、フィルタ、及び重力沈降チャンバよりなるグループから選択する、方法。
- 請求項15記載の方法において、前記硫化吸着剤を再生ユニットに流入させて、再生済み吸着剤及び硫黄化合物を生成するステップと、及び前記再生済み吸着剤を吸収器ユニットに流入させるステップとを備える、方法。
- 請求項19記載の方法において、前記硫化吸着剤を再生ユニットに流入させるステップは、約482.2℃(約900゜F)以上の温度で行う、方法。
- 請求項19記載の方法において、前記硫化吸着剤を再生ユニットに流入させるステップは、約482.2℃(約900゜F)〜約760℃(約1400゜F)の範囲にわたる温度で行う、方法。
- 請求項19記載の方法において、前記硫化吸着剤を再生ユニットに流入させるステップは、前記硫化吸着剤を再生剤に接触するよう流入させるステップを含む、方法。
- 請求項22記載の方法において、前記再生剤は、空気又は酸素ガス又は酸素化合物を有し、また前記再生ユニット内で生成される前記硫黄化合物は、二酸化硫黄を含む、方法。
- 請求項19記載の方法において、前記再生ユニット内で生成される前記硫黄化合物から前記再生済み吸着剤を分離するステップを備える、方法。
- 請求項24記載の方法において、前記硫黄化合物から前記再生済み吸着剤を分離した後、前記硫黄化合物から硫酸、元素状硫黄、又は硫酸及び元素状硫黄の双方を生成するステップを備える、方法。
- 請求項1記載の方法において、前記脱硫済みガスを前記CO2除去ユニットに流入させるステップは、CO2除去剤に接触するよう流入させるステップを含む、方法。
- 請求項26記載の方法において、前記CO2除去剤は、ガス吸収及びその後の再生によってCO2を除去する溶剤ベースの除去剤とする、方法。
- 請求項26記載の方法において、前記CO2除去剤は、メタノール、ポリエチレンのジメチルエーテル(DEPG)、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)、スルホラン(2,3,4,5-テトラヒドロチオフェン-1,1-ジオキサイド)、プロピレン・カーボネート、及び上述したもののうち2つ以上の組合せよりなるグループから選択する、方法。
- 請求項26記載の方法において、前記CO2除去剤は、メチルジエタノールアミン(MDEA)、活性化MDEA(aMDEA)、モノエタノールアミン(MEA)、ジエタノールアミン(DEA)、トリエタノールアミン(TEA)、ジイソプロパノールアミン(DIPA)、ジグリコールアミン(DGA)、炭酸カリウム(K2CO3)、及び上述したもののうち2つ以上の組合せよりなるグループから選択する、方法。
- 請求項26記載の方法において、前記CO2除去剤は、スルホラン(2,3,4,5-テトラヒドロチオフェン-1,1-ジオキサイド)と、水と、並びにメチルジエタノールアミン(MDEA)、ピペラジン、及びジイソプロパノールアミン(DIPA)のうち1つ以上との混合物を含む、方法。
- 請求項26記載の方法において、前記CO2除去剤は、FLEXSORB(登録商標)PS製剤、又はUCARSOL(登録商標)LE製剤を含む、方法。
- 請求項26記載の方法において、前記CO2除去剤は、アルカリ金属酸化物、アルカリ金属炭酸塩、ケイ酸リチウム、アミン官能化固体吸着剤、アミン官能化シリカ、アミン官能化ゼオライト、アミン官能化ハイドロタルサイト、アミン官能化有機金属基質、及び上述したもののうち2つ以上の組合せよりなるグループから選択した粒子状吸着剤を有する、方法。
- 請求項26記載の方法において、前記CO2除去剤は、再生可能又は再生不能であるものとする、方法。
- 請求項26記載の方法において、前記CO2除去剤は、CO2の溶解及び拡散に有効な薄膜を有する、方法。
- 請求項26記載の方法において、前記CO2除去剤は液相除去剤を有し、また、前記液相除去剤を前記CO2除去ユニット内に流入させるステップを備える、方法。
- 請求項1記載の方法において、前記脱硫済みガスを前記CO2除去剤に接触するよう流入させるステップを吸収器ユニット内で行い、さらに、相当減少した分率での硫黄及びCO2を含む処理済みガスを前記吸収器ユニットから出力するステップを備える、方法。
- 請求項36記載の方法において、前記脱硫済みガスを前記CO2除去剤に接触するよう流入させるステップは、CO2除去剤及びCO2を含むCO2リッチ流体を前記吸収器ユニット内で生成し、またさらに、
前記CO2リッチ流体を前記吸収器ユニットから再生器ユニットに流入させるステップと、
前記再生器ユニット内で前記CO2リッチ流体流からCO2を除去してCO2リーン流体流を生成するステップと、及び
前記CO2リーン流体流を前記吸収器ユニットに流入させるステップと
を備える、方法。 - 請求項1記載の方法において、前記CO2除去ユニットはCO2出力流を生成し、またさらに、前記CO2出力流を前記CO2除去ユニットから出力するステップと、及び前記CO2出力流からCO2を回収するステップと、を備える、方法。
- 請求項1記載の方法において、前記CO2除去ユニットは前記脱硫済みガスから積極的に硫黄を除去することなくCO2を除去するのに有効である、方法。
- 請求項1記載の方法において、前記CO2除去ユニットは前記脱硫済みガスから大部分の硫黄を除去することなくCO2を除去するのに有効である、方法。
- 請求項1記載の方法において、前記脱硫済みガスは、体積分率が100万分の約25(ppm)又はそれ未満の硫黄濃度を有する、方法。
- 請求項1記載の方法において、前記脱硫済みガスは、体積分率が10億分の約100(ppb)又はそれ未満の硫黄濃度を有する、方法。
- 請求項1記載の方法において、前記脱硫済みガスを外部冷凍により極低温冷却することなく、前記脱硫済みガスを前記CO2除去ユニット内に流入させるステップを備える、方法。
- 請求項1記載の方法において、前記脱硫済みガスをシフト触媒の存在の下に水−ガスシフトユニット内のスチームに接触するよう流入させて、二酸化炭素(CO2)及び水素ガス(H2)を生成するステップを備える、方法。
- 請求項44記載の方法において、前記脱硫済みガスをCO2除去ユニット内に流入させる前に前記スチームに接触するよう流入させるステップを備える、方法。
- 請求項1記載の方法において、前記脱硫済みガスをCO2除去ユニット内に流入させるステップは、約5体積%又はそれ未満のCO2濃度を有する処理済みガスを生成する、方法。
- 酸性ガスをガス流から除去する方法であって、
一酸化炭素(CO)、二酸化炭素(CO2)、及び硫黄化合物を含む供給ガス流を吸収器ユニット内で吸着剤流と接触させるよう流入させて、第1出力ガス流を生成するステップであって、前記吸着剤流は、前記供給ガス流から前記硫黄化合物を除去するのに有効な粒子状吸着剤化合物を含み、また前記第1出力ガス流はCO及びCO2からなる脱硫済みガス並びに硫化吸着剤を含むものである、該ステップと、
前記脱硫済みガスを前記硫化吸着剤から分離するステップと、
前記硫化吸着剤を再生器ユニット内で再生剤と接触するよう流入させて第2出力ガス流を生成するステップであって、前記再生剤は、前記硫化吸着剤から硫黄を除去するのに有効な組成を有し、また前記第2出力ガス流は再生済み吸着剤化合物及び硫黄化合物を含むものである、該ステップと、
前記再生済み吸着剤化合物を前記硫黄化合物から分離するステップと、
前記再生済み吸着剤化合物を前記吸収器ユニットに流入させるステップと、
前記脱硫済みガスをCO2除去ユニット内でCO2除去剤に接触するよう流入させて、CO並びに相当減少した分率での硫黄及びCO2を含む処理済みガスを生成するステップと
を備える、方法。 - 請求項1〜47記載の方法を実施するよう構成されたガス処理システム。
- ガス処理システムであって、
大部分の硫黄化合物をプロセスガスから除去して脱硫済みガスを生成するよう構成された脱硫ユニットと、及び
前記脱硫ユニットの下流に配置され、また前記脱硫済みガスから大部分のCO2を除去するよう構成されたCO2除去ユニットと、
を備える、ガス処理システム。 - 請求項49記載のガス処理システムにおいて、前記脱硫ユニット及び前記CO2除去ユニットのうち少なくとも一方は、固定床反応器、可動床反応器、流動床反応器、輸送反応器、モノリス反応器、マイクロチャンネル反応器、吸収器ユニット、及び再生器ユニットに流体連通する吸収器ユニットからなるグループから選択したコンポーネントを有する、ガス処理システム。
- 請求項49記載のガス処理システムにおいて、前記脱硫ユニットの上流又は下流に配置され、また前記プロセスガスをシフトして、二酸化炭素(CO2)及び水素ガス(H2)生成するよう構成された水−ガスシフトユニットを備える、ガス処理システム。
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CA2964373A1 (en) | 2016-04-28 |
NZ730942A (en) | 2023-09-29 |
WO2016064825A1 (en) | 2016-04-28 |
EP3209408A4 (en) | 2018-07-04 |
AU2015336109A1 (en) | 2017-04-27 |
KR102472112B1 (ko) | 2022-11-28 |
US10414649B2 (en) | 2019-09-17 |
CN107106966A (zh) | 2017-08-29 |
US20180339902A1 (en) | 2018-11-29 |
AU2015336109B2 (en) | 2020-11-19 |
ZA201702646B (en) | 2020-08-26 |
CA2964373C (en) | 2023-01-24 |
KR20170072911A (ko) | 2017-06-27 |
JP6977112B2 (ja) | 2021-12-08 |
US20170334718A1 (en) | 2017-11-23 |
JP2020179397A (ja) | 2020-11-05 |
US20160311682A1 (en) | 2016-10-27 |
EP3209408A1 (en) | 2017-08-30 |
US20190352177A1 (en) | 2019-11-21 |
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