JP2017519330A - 二次電池用のバナジウム酸硫化物系カソード材料 - Google Patents
二次電池用のバナジウム酸硫化物系カソード材料 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2017519330A JP2017519330A JP2016564009A JP2016564009A JP2017519330A JP 2017519330 A JP2017519330 A JP 2017519330A JP 2016564009 A JP2016564009 A JP 2016564009A JP 2016564009 A JP2016564009 A JP 2016564009A JP 2017519330 A JP2017519330 A JP 2017519330A
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- cathode
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- vanadium
- inorganic sulfide
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- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 title description 7
- VISFDEDBNNQYHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide vanadium Chemical compound O=S.[V] VISFDEDBNNQYHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical group [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N divanadium pentaoxide Chemical compound O=[V](=O)O[V](=O)=O GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 229910052945 inorganic sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910001425 magnesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium ion Chemical compound [Mg+2] JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910005839 GeS 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910020346 SiS 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- CYQAYERJWZKYML-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus pentasulfide Chemical compound S1P(S2)(=S)SP3(=S)SP1(=S)SP2(=S)S3 CYQAYERJWZKYML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 22
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000002203 sulfidic glass Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- -1 for example Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910020366 ClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910017267 Mo 6 S 8 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000001075 voltammogram Methods 0.000 description 3
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001237 Raman spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RLTFLELMPUMVEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li+].[O--].[O--].[O--].[V+5] Chemical compound [Li+].[O--].[O--].[O--].[V+5] RLTFLELMPUMVEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002178 crystalline material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000686 lithium vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IWCVDCOJSPWGRW-UHFFFAOYSA-M magnesium;benzene;chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].C1=CC=[C-]C=C1 IWCVDCOJSPWGRW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000002707 nanocrystalline material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006069 physical mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- SESRATMNYRWUTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfinyltitanium Chemical compound [Ti].S=O SESRATMNYRWUTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical class S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KBLZDCFTQSIIOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylazanium;perchlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC KBLZDCFTQSIIOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101710134784 Agnoprotein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MPCRDALPQLDDFX-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium perchlorate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MPCRDALPQLDDFX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 1
- SHMVRUMGFMGYGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mo].S=O Chemical class [Mo].S=O SHMVRUMGFMGYGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000005280 amorphization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007514 bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004770 chalcogenides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002484 cyclic voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000840 electrochemical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007496 glass forming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100001231 less toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003137 locomotive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002681 magnesium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013081 microcrystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002114 nanocomposite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001392 phosphorus oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012088 reference solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOCCOC ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VSAISIQCTGDGPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus hexaoxide Chemical compound O1P(O2)OP3OP1OP2O3 VSAISIQCTGDGPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- CFJRPNFOLVDFMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium disulfide Chemical compound S=[Ti]=S CFJRPNFOLVDFMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/054—Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/581—Chalcogenides or intercalation compounds thereof
- H01M4/5815—Sulfides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本願は、2015年4月22日に提出された米国特許出願第14/693235号および2014年4月24日に提出された米国特許出願第14/260544号に基づく優先権の利益を主張し、その開示の全体が引用により本明細書中に援用される。
本発明は、マグネシウム二次電池用の正極活性材料および当該活性材料に基づくカソードを備えるマグネシウム電池に関する。
これらの目的および他の目的は、本発明によって実現される。本発明の第1実施形態は、カソード活性材料を含む。このカソード活性材料は、バナジウム酸化物および無機硫化物からなる複合物を含み、前述の複合物は、実質的に非結晶構造を有し、XRD分析で結晶ピークを示さない。
本発明の発明者らは、マグネシウム二次電池用のカソード活性材料として機能することができる材料について、幅広い研究および評価を行っている。研究の目的は、容易に入手することができ、生産環境において安全かつ比較的容易に扱うことができ、且つ、高容量および高動作電位を有するマグネシウム電池を提供するカソード活性材料を発見することである。
Ar雰囲気下で、出発原料(V2O5およびP2S5)を370rpmの回転速度で、20時間ボールミリングすることによって、本発明の材料を作製した。ボールミリングには、ZrO2製ボールおよびポットを使用した。ボールミリングした後、Ar雰囲気下で試料を収集した。N−メチルピロリドン(NMP)溶液において、本発明の試料をアセチレンブラック(HS−100、電気化学工業)およびPVDF(KF9305、Kureha社)と混合することによって、均一なカソードインクを作製した。得られたインクを80目のステンレススチール上に流延した後、真空下120℃で乾燥した。
Claims (32)
- カソード活性材料であって、
バナジウム酸化物および無機硫化物からなる複合物を含み、
前記複合物は、実質的に非結晶構造を有し、XRD分析で結晶ピークを示さない、カソード活性材料。 - 前記無機硫化物は、P2S5、B2S3、SiS2、GeS2、Al2S3およびGa2S3からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種である、請求項1に記載のカソード活性材料。
- 集電体と、
請求項1に記載の活性材料とを含む、カソード。 - 電気化学セルであって、
アノードと、
請求項3に記載のカソードと、
電解質とを含み、
前記アノードおよび前記カソードは、リチウムイオン、ナトリウムイオンおよびマグネシウムイオンからなる群から選択される金属イオンを吸着および放出することができる、電気化学セル。 - 請求項4の電気化学セルを含むマグネシウム電池。
- カソード活性材料であって、
バナジウム酸化物源および無機硫化物源からなる機械的に粉砕された複合物であるナノ粒子を含み、
前記複合物は、非結晶母材に埋め込まれた結晶領域を含む、カソード活性材料。 - 前記非結晶母材は、少なくともバナジウム、酸素および硫黄を含む、請求項6に記載のカソード活性材料。
- 前記結晶領域は、実質的に、EDX分析によって実質的にバナジウムおよび酸素のみを含むと決定される、請求項6に記載のカソード活性材料。
- 前記バナジウム酸化物源は、五酸化バナジウムからなる、請求項6に記載のカソード活性材料。
- 前記無機硫化物源は、P2S5、B2S3、SiS2、GeS2、Al2S3およびGa2S3からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種である、請求項6に記載のカソード活性材料。
- 前記無機硫化物源は、P2S5である、請求項10に記載のカソード活性材料。
- 前記非結晶母材は、バナジウム、酸素、リンおよび硫黄から成る、請求項11に記載のカソード活性材料。
- 前記機械的に粉砕された複合物は、ボールミルにより粉砕される、請求項6に記載のカソード活性材料。
- 集電体と、
請求項6に記載の活性材料とを含む、カソード。 - 前記ナノ粒子の非結晶母材は、少なくともバナジウム、酸素および硫黄を含む、請求項14に記載のカソード。
- 前記ナノ粒子のバナジウム酸化物源は、五酸化バナジウム(V2O5)を含む、請求項14に記載のカソード。
- 前記ナノ粒子のバナジウム酸化物源は、五酸化バナジウム(V2O5)からなる、請求項14に記載のカソード。
- 前記ナノ粒子の無機硫化物源は、P2S5、B2S3、SiS2、GeS2、Al2S3およびGa2S3からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種である、請求項14に記載のカソード。
- 前記無機硫化物源は、P2S5である、請求項18に記載のカソード。
- 前記非結晶母材は、バナジウム、酸素、リンおよび硫黄から成る、請求項19に記載のカソード。
- 前記バナジウム酸化物源は、五酸化バナジウム(V2O5)であり、
前記無機硫化物源は、P2S5である、請求項14に記載のカソード。 - 前記V2O5の含有量は、前記V2O5および前記無機硫化物の合計モル%の67〜90モル%である、請求項16に記載のカソード。
- 前記V2O5の含有量は、前記V2O5および前記P2S5の合計モル%の67〜90モル%である、請求項21に記載のカソード。
- 電気化学セルであって、
アノードと、
請求項14に記載のカソードと、
電解質とを含み、
前記アノードおよび前記カソードは、リチウムイオン、ナトリウムイオンおよびマグネシウムイオンからなる群から選択される金属イオンを吸着および放出することができる、電気化学セル。 - 請求項24の電気化学セルを含むマグネシウム電池。
- 前記ナノ粒子のバナジウム酸化物源は、五酸化バナジウム(V2O5)を含む、請求項25に記載のマグネシウム電池。
- 前記ナノ粒子のバナジウム酸化物源は、五酸化バナジウム(V2O5)からなる、請求項25に記載のマグネシウム電池。
- 前記ナノ粒子の無機硫化物源は、P2S5、B2S3、SiS2、GeS2、Al2S3およびGa2S3からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種である、請求項25に記載のマグネシウム電池。
- 前記無機硫化物源は、P2S5である、請求項28に記載のマグネシウム電池。
- 前記V2O5の含有量は、前記V2O5および前記P2S5の合計モル%の67〜90モル%である、請求項25に記載のマグネシウム電池。
- 前記バナジウム酸化物源は、五酸化バナジウム(V2O5)であり、
前記無機硫化物源は、P2S5である、請求項25に記載のマグネシウム電池。 - 前記V2O5の含有量は、前記V2O5および前記P2S5の合計モル%の67〜90モル%である、請求項31に記載のマグネシウム電池。
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