JP2017507980A - アダプター関連キナーゼ1の阻害剤、それを含む組成物、及びその使用方法 - Google Patents
アダプター関連キナーゼ1の阻害剤、それを含む組成物、及びその使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2017507980A JP2017507980A JP2016557251A JP2016557251A JP2017507980A JP 2017507980 A JP2017507980 A JP 2017507980A JP 2016557251 A JP2016557251 A JP 2016557251A JP 2016557251 A JP2016557251 A JP 2016557251A JP 2017507980 A JP2017507980 A JP 2017507980A
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、アダプター関連キナーゼ1(AAK1)の阻害剤として有用なピラゾロ[1,5−a]ピリミジン系化合物と、それを含む組成物と、それらを使用する方法とに関する。
アダプター関連キナーゼ1(AAK1)は、セリン/スレオニンキナーゼのArk1/Prk1ファミリーの成員である。AAK1 mRNAはショート及びロングと呼ばれる2種のスプライシング型で存在する。ロング型は脳及び心臓において優勢であり、強く発現する(非特許文献1)。AAK1はシナプトソーム調製物に豊富に含まれ、培養細胞においてエンドサイトーシス構造と共局在化する。AAK1は、シナプス小胞の再利用及び受容体媒介性のエンドサイトーシスに重要なプロセスであるクラスリン被覆エンドサイトーシスを調節する。AAK1が、受容体のカーゴとクラスリン被覆とを連結するヘテロ四量体であるAP2複合体に結び付く。クラスリンとAAK1との結合がAAK1キナーゼ活性を刺激する(非特許文献2、非特許文献3)。AAK1は、AP−2のmu−2サブユニットをリン酸化し、それによりmu−2とカーゴ受容体上のチロシン含有ソーティングモチーフとの結合を促す(非特許文献4、非特許文献5)。Mu2のリン酸化は受容体の取込みに必要ではないが、リン酸化は内在化の効率を高める(非特許文献6)。
本発明は、3−メチルオキセタン−3−イル−4−(3−(2−メトキシピリジン−3−イル)ピラゾロ[1,5−a]ピリミジン−5−イル)ピペラジン−1−カルボキシレート:
本発明のいくつかの態様を図面に例示する。
本発明は、AAK1ノックアウトマウスが疼痛に高い耐性を示すという発見に一部基づくものである。この発見が研究を促し、最終的にAAK1阻害剤、それを含む組成物及びそれらを使用する方法の発見へと至った。
他に明示のない限り、「本発明の化合物」、「本開示の化合物」等の語句は、本明細書に開示の化合物を指す。
本発明は、3−メチルオキセタン−3−イル−4−(3−(2−メトキシピリジン−3−イル)ピラゾロ[1,5−a]ピリミジン−5−イル)ピペラジン−1−カルボキシレート:
本発明の一実施形態は、アダプター関連キナーゼ1(AAK1)を本発明の化合物と接触させることを含む、AAK1をin vitro及びin vivoの両方で阻害する方法を包含する。
医薬配合物は、任意の適切な経路による、例えば経口(口腔又は舌下を含む)、直腸、鼻腔、局所(口腔、舌下又は経皮を含む)、膣内、又は非経口(皮下、皮内、筋内、関節内、滑液嚢内、胸骨内、髄腔内、病変内、静脈内又は皮内の注射又は注入を含む)の経路による投与に適合させることができる。かかる配合物は、薬学分野において知られる任意の方法によって、例えば有効成分を担体(複数の場合もある)又は賦形剤(複数の場合もある)と混ぜ合わせることによって調製することができる。経口投与又は注射による投与が好ましい。
5.5.1. AAK1ノックアウトマウス
AAK1遺伝子の破壊に関するホモ接合型(−/−)マウスを遺伝子トラップ法及び相同組換えという2つの方法によって準備した。
化合物を、最大化合物濃度が96μMとなるようにMutiprobe(PerkinElmer)及びBiomek FX(Beckman Coulter)を用いてLabcyte LDVプレート(Labcyte、カタログ番号LP−0200)へと段階希釈させた。次いで化合物を、ECHO 550 Liquid Handler(Labcyte)を用いてGreiner 384ウェル反応プレート(Greiner、番号781076)に分注した(pinged)(1ウェル当たり75nL)。その後、合計12μlの反応バッファー(Molecular Devices製のTweenとDTTとを含有するIMAPバッファー)を陰性対照用のカラム1及びカラム13の各ウェルに添加して、12μlの2×AAK1(0.2nMの完全長ヒトタンパク質、NCBIアクセッション番号NP_055726.2)を残りのウェルに添加した。次に酵素を化合物と室温で10分間プレインキュベートした。反応は、2×Mu2(0.2μM、完全長ヒトタンパク質)、2×低温ATP(2μM)、及び1.3μCiの高温33P−ATPを含有する12μlの基質ミックスをMinitrak(PerkinElmer)によって添加することで開始した。反応は室温で1時間進行させた。一方で、Millipore 384ウェルP81フィルタープレート(Millipore、カタログ番号MZPHN0W10)をプレートウォッシャー(plate washer)(Zoom ZW、Titertek製)に載せ、50μlの1%リン酸で予め湿潤させた。次いでキナーゼ反応は24μlの2%リン酸を各ウェルに添加することで停止した後、Minitrakを使用して、40μlを各ウェルから予め湿潤させたMillipore 384ウェルP81フィルタープレートに移した。反応混合液をP81プレートにおいて室温で10分間インキュベートし、その後Zoomフィルターウォッシャー(filter washer)を用いて100μl/ウェルの1%リン酸で5回洗浄した。各フィルタープレートの下部に封をした後、各ウェルに20μlのMicroscint 40を添加して、プレートの上部にFlashplateカバーで封をした後、TopCount(PerkinElmer)による読み取りまで1時間置いた。
HEK293F細胞をDMEM(Gibco、カタログ番号11965)、10% FBS(SAFC Biosciences、カタログ番号12103C)、1×GPS(グルタミン、ペニシリン及びストレプトマイシン)を含む培地中で培養した。細胞がトランスフェクション時に約80%コンフルエントとなるように、1日目に細胞を10cm径の皿の上でプレーティングした。およそ1200万の細胞がトランスフェクション時の10cm径の皿に存在していた。2日目、各皿を48ugのDNA及び144ulのLipofectamine 2000(Invitrogen、カタログ番号11668−019)でトランスフェクトした。DNAは、3ugのAAK1/HA/pIRES(完全長ヒト、NCBIアクセッション番号NP_055726.2)、45μgのFlag/AP2MI/pcDNA(完全長ヒト)、及び1.5mlのOPTI−MEMを含む混合液(10cm径の皿1つ当たり)で構成されていた。Lipofectamine 2000は、144μlのLipofectamine 2000及び1.5mlのOPTI−MEMを含む混合液(10cm径の皿1つ当たり)で構成されていた。各混合液を個々の15ml容のチューブに移し、室温で5分間インキュベートした後、2つの混合液を混和して、室温で20分間インキュベートした。次いで成長培地を各10cm径のプレートから吸引して、10mlのDMEM+10% FBS(GPSなし)と交換した。最後に、3mlのDNA/Lipofectamineミックスを各10cm径の皿に添加し、穏やかに混合した後、プレートを37℃、5% CO2で一晩、インキュベートした。
上記の方法を用いて、3−メチルオキセタン−3−イル−4−(3−(2−メトキシピリジン−3−イル)ピラゾロ[1,5−a]ピリミジン−5−イル)ピペラジン−1−カルボキシレートのin vitroデータを得た。P81アッセイにおいて、化合物を0.9nM測定した。HEK281細胞ベースアッセイにおいて、化合物を4.7nM測定した。
自動侵害受容分析器(サンディエゴ、カルフォルニア大学、オザキ研究室から購入)を用いてマウスの侵害受容を試験した。試験の30分前にスーパーグルーを用いて各マウスの左後脚周囲に金属帯を取り付けた。30分の順応期間後、20μlの5%ホルマリンを左後脚の背側表面に皮下注射した。マウスを個別に円筒状のチャンバーにて45分間収容した。新しい5%ホルマリン溶液は、蒸留水を用いてホルムアルデヒド(Formalde−fresh20%、Fisher Scientific、ニュージャージ州、フェアローン)を希釈することによって調製された。被験化合物をホルマリン注射の30分前に投与した。
Chungアッセイにおいて、本化合物の3−メチルオキセタン−3−イル−4−(3−(2−メトキシピリジン−3−イル)ピラゾロ[1,5−a]ピリミジン−5−イル)ピペラジン−1−カルボキシレートを検討した。Chaplan SR, Bach FW, Pogrel JW, Chung JM, Yaksh TL., Quantitative assessment of tactile allodynia in the rat paw, J Neurosci Methods 1994;53:55-63; Chung JM, Kim HK, Chung K., Segmental spinal nerve ligation model of neuropathic pain, Methods Mol Med. 2004;99:35-45を参照されたい。
Claims (10)
- 結晶である、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- 融点が約182.5℃である、請求項2に記載の化合物。
- 約12.7度、14.8度、18.7度、19.0度、19.7度、及び/又は25.1度の2θにピークのある粉末X線回折パターンを有する、請求項2に記載の結晶性化合物。
- アダプター関連キナーゼ1(AAK1)と請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の化合物とを接触させることを含む、AAK1活性を阻害する方法。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の化合物と薬学的に許容可能な賦形剤又は希釈剤とを含む医薬組成物。
- AAK1活性によって媒介される疾患又は障害を治療又は管理する方法であって、それを必要とする患者に治療的に有効な量の請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の化合物又は請求項6に記載の医薬組成物を投与することを含む、方法。
- 前記疾患又は障害が、アルツハイマー病、双極性障害、疼痛、パーキンソン病又は統合失調症である、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記疼痛が神経因性疼痛である、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記神経因性疼痛が、線維筋痛症又は末梢神経障害(例えば糖尿病性神経障害)である、請求項9に記載の方法。
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