JP2017504717A - 焼結部材の製造方法及び焼結部材 - Google Patents
焼結部材の製造方法及び焼結部材 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
1)焼結部材の強度は、炭素、銅、ニッケルモリブデン等の合金元素を導入することによって増加させることができる。
2)焼結部材の空孔率は、焼結中の、粉末組成物の圧縮率(compressibility)を増加させること、及び/又は、高いグリーン密度のために圧縮圧力を増加させること、又は部材の収縮を増加させること、によって低減することができる。
好ましい焼結パラメータは、最大10%までの水素を含む窒素雰囲気中、1200〜1300℃で15分〜45分間である。焼結雰囲気中にH2が少量存在することにより、焼結中に、表面の酸化物が十分に還元され、粉末粒子間の効率的な結合をもたらすことを確実にする。窒素は、焼結中に、その雰囲気から鋼へと移送される。材料中に微細に分散されたM2(C,N)型炭窒化物(ここで、MはCr,Fe)の形成のための時間を確保するため、焼結後の徐冷(好ましくは、<30℃/分)が、1100〜1200℃の温度範囲にわたって適用されなければならない。図2は、そのような炭窒化物が、N2含有雰囲気中、この温度範囲で、オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼の中に形成されることを示している。増感作用のために鋼の耐食性の減少をもたらすことになるM(C,N)型炭窒化物の大量形成を防ぐため、急冷(>30℃/分)が、より低い温度(<1100℃)で適用されなければならない。より低い温度での、この炭窒化物型M(C,N)の熱力学的安定性もまた、図2に示されている。焼結雰囲気は、冷却段階中、少なくとも1100℃の温度に維持されるものとする。
−以下の組成を有するステンレス鋼粉末を供給する工程;
Cr 15〜30%
Ni 5〜25%
Si 0.5〜3.5%
Mn 0〜2%
S 0〜0.6%
C 0.001〜0.8%
N ≦0.3%
O ≦0.5%
任意で、3%までの各元素Mo、Cu、Nb、V、Ti、及び1%までの不可避不純物、
残部のFe、
−任意で、ステンレス鋼粉末を凝集する工程、
−任意で、潤滑剤、硬質相材料、機械加工性向上剤(machinability enhancing agents)及びグラファイトと混合する工程、
−任意で、粉末を好適なペースト又は供給原料に変換する工程、
−得られたペースト、供給原料又は造粒粉末を、グリーン部材に圧密する(consolidating)工程、
−得られたグリーン部材を、真空中又は水素ガスの雰囲気中、少なくとも1100°Cの温度で加熱する工程。
−グリーン部材を、少なくとも20%窒素ガスの雰囲気中、1150〜1350°Cの間の温度で焼結する工程。
−焼結部材を、少なくとも20%窒素ガスの雰囲気中、最大で30C/分の冷却速度で、焼結温度から1100°C以上の温度まで冷却する工程であって、十分な量のM2(C,N)炭窒化物を形成する、前記工程、
−焼結部材を、1100°Cから周囲温度まで、少なくとも30C/分で且つ過剰なM(C,N)炭窒化物の形成を避けるのに十分に高い冷却速度で冷却する工程であって、マトリックス中に少なくとも12重量%のCrを有する部材をもたらす、前記工程。
Cr 17〜25%
Ni 5〜20%
Si 0.5〜2.5%
Mn 0〜1.5%
S 0〜0.6%
C 0.001〜0.8%
N ≦0.3%
O ≦0.5%
任意で、3%までの各元素Mo、Cu、Nb、V、Ti、及び1%までの不可避不純物、
残部のFe。
Cr 19〜21%
Ni 12〜14%
Si 1.5〜2.5%
Mn 0.7〜1.1%
S 0.2〜0.4%
C 0.4〜0.6%
N ≦0.3%
O ≦0.5%
任意で、3%までの各元素Mo、Cu、Nb、V、Ti、及び1%までの不可避不純物、
残部のFe。
Cr 15〜30%
Ni 5〜25%
Si 0.5〜3.5%
Mn 0〜2%
S 0〜0.6%
C 0.1〜0.8%
N 0.1〜1.5%
O <0.3%
任意で、3%までの各元素Mo、Cu、Nb、V、Ti、及び1%までの不可避不純物、
残部のFe。
Cr 17〜25%
Ni 5〜20%
Si 0.5〜2.5%
Mn 0〜1.5%
S 0〜0.6%
C 0.1〜0.8%
N 0.1〜1.0%
O <0.3%
任意で、3%までの各元素Mo、Cu、Nb、V、Ti、及び1%までの不可避不純物、
残部のFe。
Cr 19〜21%
Ni 12〜14%
Si 1.5〜2.5%
Mn 0.7〜1.1%
S 0.2〜0.4%
C 0.4〜0.6%
N 0.1〜1.0%
O <0.3%
任意で、3%までの各元素Mo、Cu、Nb、V、Ti、及び1%までの不可避不純物、
残部のFe。
炭窒化物のサイズは20μm未満、好ましくは10μm未満、最も好ましくは5μm未満である。炭窒化物の好適なサイズは1〜3μmである。炭窒化物は、オーステナイト系マトリックス全体に均一に分布しており、隣接する析出物との間の典型的な距離は1〜5μmである。
表2にしたがって、3つの焼結トライアルを行い、各トライアルにおいて異なる保護ガス雰囲気を用いた。焼結中の圧力は、1気圧であった。3つの全てのトライアルにおいて、焼結温度(T)までの加熱速度は、約5℃/分であり、焼結後の冷却速度は、焼結温度(T)から1100℃までが10℃/分、1100℃から室温までが50℃/分であった。
Claims (10)
- 以下の工程を含むステンレス鋼部材の製造方法;
−以下の組成を有するステンレス鋼粉末を供給する工程;
Cr 15〜30%
Ni 5〜25%
Si 0.5〜3.5%
Mn 0〜2%
S 0〜0.6%
C 0.001〜0.8%
N ≦0.3%
O ≦0.5%
任意で、3%までの各元素Mo、Cu、Nb、V、Ti、及び1%までの不可避不純物、
残部のFe、
−任意で、ステンレス鋼粉末を凝集する工程、
−任意で、潤滑剤、硬質相材料、機械加工性向上剤及びグラファイトと混合する工程、
−任意で、粉末を好適なペースト又は供給原料に変換する工程、
−得られたペースト、供給原料又は造粒粉末を、グリーン部材に圧密する工程、
−得られたグリーン部材を、真空中又は水素ガスの雰囲気中、少なくとも1100°Cの温度で加熱する工程。
−グリーン部材を、少なくとも20%窒素ガスの雰囲気中、1150〜1350°Cの間の温度で焼結する工程。
−焼結部材を、少なくとも20%窒素ガスの雰囲気中、最大で30C/分の冷却速度で、焼結温度から1100°C以上の温度まで冷却する工程であって、十分な量のM2(C,N)炭窒化物を形成する、前記工程、
−焼結部材を、1100°Cから周囲温度まで、少なくとも30C/分で且つ過剰なM(C,N)炭窒化物の形成を避けるのに十分に高い冷却速度で冷却する工程であって、マトリックス中に少なくとも12重量%のCrを有する部材をもたらす、前記工程。 - ステンレス鋼粉末が、重量比で以下の化学組成(重量比)を有する、請求項1に記載の方法;
Cr 17〜25%
Ni 5〜20%
Si 0.5〜2.5%
Mn 0〜1.5%
S 0〜0.6%
C 0.001〜0.8%
N ≦0.3%
O ≦0.5%
任意で、3%までの各元素Mo、Cu、Nb、V、Ti、及び1%までの不可避不純物、
残部のFe。 - ステンレス鋼粉末が、重量比で以下の化学組成(重量比)を有する、請求項1に記載の方法;
Cr 19〜21%
Ni 12〜14%
Si 1.5〜2.5%
Mn 0.7〜1.1%
S 0.2〜0.4%
C 0.4〜0.6%
N ≦0.3%
O ≦0.5%
任意で、3%までの各元素Mo、Cu、Nb、V、Ti、及び1%までの不可避不純物、
残部のFe。 - 焼結中の雰囲気が、純粋な窒素、窒素及び水素の混合物、窒素及びアルゴン等の不活性ガスの混合物、又は窒素及び水素及び不活性ガスの混合物の一つである、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 請求項1、2又は3の方法に従って製造した焼結部材。
- 以下を含む焼結部材;
Cr 15〜30%
Ni 5〜25%
Si 0.5〜3.5%
Mn 0〜2%
S 0〜0.6%
C 0.1〜0.8%
N 0.1〜1.5%
O <0.3%
任意で、3%までの各元素Mo、Cu、Nb、V、Ti、及び1%までの不可避不純物、
残部のFe、
オーステナイト微細構造であって、それは表面領域内で強化されており、その領域は、約5〜15体積%の微細に分散したM2(C,N)型炭窒化物によって、その表面から垂直に20〜500μmの深さまである。 - 炭窒化物のサイズが、20μm未満、好ましくは10μm未満、最も好ましくは5μmであり、オーステナイト系マトリックス全体に均一に分布している、請求項6に記載の焼結部材。
- 炭窒化物のサイズが1〜3μmの間であり、隣接する炭窒化物との間の典型的な距離が1〜5μmである、請求項6に記載の焼結部材。
- オーステナイト粒が、20μm未満、好ましくは10μm未満の粒子サイズを有する微粒子である、請求項5又は6に記載の焼結部材。
- 少なくとも7.3g/cm3、好ましくは少なくとも7.4g/cm3、最も好ましくは少なくとも7.5g/cm3の焼結密度を有する、請求項5〜9のいずれか一項に記載の焼結部材。
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