JP2017183242A - PdRu合金電極材料およびその製造方法 - Google Patents

PdRu合金電極材料およびその製造方法 Download PDF

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JP2017183242A
JP2017183242A JP2016073227A JP2016073227A JP2017183242A JP 2017183242 A JP2017183242 A JP 2017183242A JP 2016073227 A JP2016073227 A JP 2016073227A JP 2016073227 A JP2016073227 A JP 2016073227A JP 2017183242 A JP2017183242 A JP 2017183242A
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electrode material
pdru alloy
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慶樹 渡邉
Yoshiki Watanabe
慶樹 渡邉
宮嶋 圭太
Keita Miyajima
圭太 宮嶋
北川 宏
Hiroshi Kitagawa
宏 北川
康平 草田
Kohei Kusada
康平 草田
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Noritake Co Ltd
Kyoto University
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Abstract

【課題】高い水電解活性とその水電解活性を長期間維持できる耐久性を有するPdRu合金電極材料を提供する。【解決手段】還元剤と、導電性担体粒子と、パラジウム化合物またはパラジウムイオンと、ルテニウム化合物またはルテニウムイオンと含む溶液を、所定の温度以上の温度に保持する保温工程P5を経て、PdRu合金電極材料(PdxRu1−x/C)が得られる。このPdRu合金電極材料は、Pdのモル比xが0.85≦x≦0.95の範囲内であるので、高い水電解活性および耐久性が得られる。【選択図】図1

Description

本発明は、パラジウムPdおよびルテニウムRuが固溶したPdRu合金の微粒子を導電性担体に固定したPdRu合金電極材料の耐久性を高める技術に関する。
一般に、電気化学反応用の触媒には、たとえば固体高分子形燃料電池PEFCの電極触媒としての用途が期待されており、そのような用途に好適な電気化学的反応活性の他に、高い耐久性が望まれる。
たとえば、従来の固体高分子形燃料電池PEFCの電極触媒において、表面積を拡大するためにナノ粒子化された白金族粒子を導電性担体としてのカーボンに固定して用いることが提案されている。この場合は、ナノ粒子化された電極触媒によって電気化学的反応活性が大幅に高められるが、一般的に徐々に溶出する、粗大化する、酸化するなどして、固体高分子形燃料電池の性能が低下するという問題があった。
国際公開第2014/045570号
例えば特許文献1に示されるように、PdとRuとが固溶したPdRu合金が、比較的最近知られるようになった。この材料は、触媒として高い活性を示すものであるが、電気化学反応に対する活性の維持特性など電極材料としての耐久特性については未知であった。
本発明は、以上の事情を背景として為されたものであり、その目的とするところは、高い耐久性を有するPdRu合金電極材料およびその製造方法を提供することにある。
ところで、たとえば、固体高分子形燃料電池において、カソードでは、(1)式に示される酸素還元反応(ORR)が持続され、アノードでは、(2)式に示される水素酸化反応(HOR)が持続される。たとえばアノードに対する燃料供給が不足すると(2)式の反応が持続できず、(3)式の酸素発生反応(OER)反応または(4)式の炭素電気化学的酸化反応が生じて電流が流されるが、(4)式に示される反応によるカーボンの腐食を抑制するために、(3)式に示される反応を発生させることが望まれる。
1/2O+2H+2e→HO ・・・(1)
→2H+2e ・・・(2)
O→1/2O+2H+2e ・・・(3)
1/2C+HO→1/2CO+2H+2e ・・・(4)
本発明者は、以上の事情を背景として種々検討を重ねた結果、上記(1)式の反応、(2)式の反応、および(3)式の反応は、PdRu合金の微粒子から成る電極材料の電気化学的活性表面積(ECA)に比例し、その電極材料の電気化学的活性表面積(ECA)の維持が耐久性能に関係することに着目し、PdRu合金の微粒子を導電性担体に固定した電極材料において、PdとRuとの割合を所定の範囲内とすることにより、PdRu合金の微粒子から成る電極材料の電気化学的活性表面積(ECA)を維持して電気化学的な表面活性の低下を抑制でき、少なくともPd単体よりは高い触媒活性を得つつ、耐久性を向上させることができることを見出した。すなわち、本発明者は、PdRu合金の微粒子を導電性担体に固定した電極材料は、PdとRuとの割合を所定の範囲内とすることで、少なくともPd単体よりは高い触媒活性を得つつ、高い耐久性を有することを見出した。本発明は、このような知見に基づいて為されたものである。
すなわち、本発明の要旨とするところは、PdとRuが固溶しているPdRu合金PdRu1−xの微粒子を導電性担体の表面に固定したPdRu合金電極材料であって、PdとRuがモル比xで0.81以上且つ1.0未満の範囲内であることにある。すなわち、上記微粒子状のPdRu合金PdRu1−xは、そのモル比xが0.81≦x<1.0の範囲である組成を有していることにある。
本発明のPdRu合金電極材料は、PdとRuがモル比xで0.81以上且つ1.0未満の範囲内である組成を有しているので、少なくともPd単体よりは高い触媒活性を得つつ、PdRu合金の微粒子の電気化学的な活性表面積の低下を抑制して耐久性を向上させることができる。
ここで、前記PdRu合金電極材料は、電気化学反応用の触媒としての用途に適し、中でも固体高分子形燃料電池PEFCの触媒(電極)として好適に用いられるものである。このようにすれば、PdRu合金の微粒子の使用中における電気化学的な活性表面積の低下を抑制して活性を維持することができ、耐久性の高い固体高分子形燃料電池PEFCの電極が得られる。たとえば、従来の固体高分子形燃料電池PEFCの電極において、表面積を拡大するためにナノ粒子化された白金族粒子が導電性担体としてのカーボンに固定されて用いられる場合は、電圧変動などによって白金族粒子の溶出や、粒子の粗大化および酸化等により、電気化学的に活性を有する表面積が低下し、固体高分子形燃料電池の性能が低下するという問題が一般的にあるが、前記組成のPdRu合金の微粒子を導電性担体の表面に固定した電極材料が固体高分子形燃料電池PEFCの電極(触媒)として用いられることにより、PdRu合金の微粒子の電気化学的な活性表面積の低下を抑制して活性を維持することができ、固体高分子形燃料電池PEFCの耐久性が向上する。
また、好適には、前記導電性担体は、カーボン粒子である。このカーボン粒子は、たとえば、グラッシーカーボン、グラファイト、カーボンオニオン、コークス、カーボンシャフト、カーボンナノウオール、カーボンナノコイル、カーボンナノチューブ、カーボンナノツイスト、カーボンナノファイバー、カーボンナノホーン、カーボンナノローブ、カーボンブラックなどのいずれかから成る。
また、前記PdRu合金の微粒子を導電性担体の表面に固定したPdRu合金電極材料は、好適には、還元剤と、導電性粒子と、パラジウム化合物またはパラジウムイオンと、ルテニウム化合物またはルテニウムイオンと含む溶液を、所定の温度以上の温度に保持する工程を含む製造工程により製造される。このようにすれば、パラジウムとルテニウムとの合金化と、導電性粒子の表面にその合金の微粒子を導電性担体粒子に析出させる触媒の固定化とが同じ工程内で行なわれるので、工程が簡単となり、製造が容易となる。また、保護剤が無くとも粒子成長を抑えた微粒子を合成でき、さらに、粒子の凝集を少ないままに高濃度で担持可能である。
また、好適には、前記PdRu合金電極材料は、PEFC触媒として用いられるものである。このようにすれば、PdRu合金の微粒子の使用中における電気化学的な活性表面積の低下を抑制して活性を維持することができ、耐久性の高いPEFC触媒が得られる。
本発明の一実施例のPdRu合金電極材料の製造工程を説明する工程図である。 図1の工程により得られた組成比(モル比x)の異なる13種類のPdRu合金電極材料(PdRu1−x/C)についての、粉末X線回折結果(XRDパターン)をそれぞれ示す図である。 図1の工程により得られた組成比(モル比x)の異なる3種類のPdRuのPdRu合金電極材料(PdRu1−x/C)についての、高角散乱環状暗視野走査透過顕微鏡法による像(HAADF−STEM像)を上段に、エネルギ分散型X線分析装置EDXによる元素マッピング像を中段および下段に示す図である。 図1の工程により得られた組成比(モル比x)の異なる13種類のPdRu合金電極材料(PdRu1−x/C)についての、誘導結合プラズマ発光分光分析装置ICP−AESによる組成分析結果を示す図表である。 図1の工程により得られた組成比(モル比x)の異なる13種類のPdRu合金電極材料(PdRu1−x/C)についての、COパルス法による金属表面積測定装置を用いて測定した金属比表面積を示す図表である。 図1の工程により得られた組成比(モル比x)の異なる13種類のPdRu合金電極材料(PdRu1−x/C)についてサイクリックボルタンメトリ−を適用して耐久性評価をする際の、電位変動サイクルを示す図である。 図6の電位変動サイクルを用いたサイクリックボルタンメトリ−において、前記13種類のPdRu合金電極材料(PdRu1−x/C)についての正規化した水素吸着電気量Qdesをそれぞれ示す図表である。 図7に示される数値を、サイクル数を示す横軸と正規化した水素吸着電気量Qdesを示す縦軸とから成る二次元座標にプロットしてグラフ化した図である。 図7において、正規化した水素吸着電気量Qdes=50付近の水素吸着電気量Qdesの低下率を示す指標である50%rateを、前記13種類のPdRu合金電極材料(PdRu1−x/C)について示す図表である。 図9に示される50%rateを、前記13種類のPdRu合金電極材料(PdRu1−x/C)についての組成比(モル比x)を示す横軸と50%rateを示す縦軸とから成る二次元座標にプロットしてグラフ化した図である。 比較例1〜6と、それよりも金属比表面積が大きくされた実施例1〜5との試料についてそれぞれ求められた、COパルス法を用いた金属比表面積(m/g−metal)、図6の印加電位変動サイクル数の各値における正規化した水素吸着電気量normalizedQdes、50%rateを示す図表である。 図11に示されたデータのうち、図6の印加電位変動サイクルの増加に伴う、正規化した水素吸着電気量normalizedQdesの変化を、実施例1〜5および比較例1〜6の試料のそれぞれについてグラフ化した図である。 図11に示されたデータのうち、実施例1〜5および比較例1〜6の試料のモル比xと50%rateとの関係をグラフ化した図である。 モル比xと50%rateとの関係をグラフ化した図において、モル比x=0.80〜1における50%rateの変化を最小自乗法によりフィッティングした結果を示す図である。
以下、本発明の一実施例を図面を参照して詳細に説明する。
図1は、PdRu1−x合金微粒子が導電性担体であるカーボン粒子に担持されたPdRu合金電極材料(PdRu1−x/C)の製造工程例を示している。図1において、溶液A調整工程P1では、導電性担体たとえばキャボット社のVulcan XC−72という品名のカーボンブラック230mgを、還元剤として機能するトリエチレングリコール200mlに混合して懸濁液である溶液Aを調整した。また、溶液B工程P2では、K[PdCl]とRuCl・nHOとを水50mlに溶解して溶液Bを調整した。このとき、K[PdCl]とRuCl・nHOとの組成比すなわちPdのモル比xを、PdとRuの合計を1mmolとすることを維持しつつ、変化させて溶液Bを調整することができる。後述の組成分析、金属比表面積測定、耐久性評価に用いる試料を作成する場合には、K[PdCl]とRuCl・nHOとの組成比すなわちPdのモル比xを、0.0、0.10、0.30、0.50、0.70、0.80、0.85、0.88、0.90、0.92、0.95、0.97、1.0とに変化させることにより、13種類のPdRuの組成比の溶液Bを調整した。
次いで、加熱工程P3において溶液Aが200℃に加熱された後、噴霧工程P4において、所定の噴霧装置を用いて、加熱された溶液Aに溶液Bを噴霧することでPdとRuとを合金化するとともにPdRu1−x合金微粒子をカーボン粒子の表面或いは内部に析出させた混合液Cを得た。噴霧終了後、混合液Cを保温工程P5において200℃に15分間保持し、冷却工程P6において室温まで放置冷却した。次いで、分離工程P7において、遠心分離機を用いて、固型分であるPdRu合金電極材料(PdRu1−x/C)を混合液から分離し、得られた固型分を乾燥工程P8において60℃の温度で18時間乾燥後、さらに100℃の温度で2時間真空乾燥することにより粉末化し、PdRu合金電極材料(PdRu1−x/C)を得た。加熱工程P3、噴霧工程P4、保温工程P5、冷却工程P6、分離工程P7は、いずれも大気中で行なった。
図2は、図1の工程により得られた、PdRu1−xの組成比(モル比)xが相違する13種類のPdRu合金電極材料(PdRu1−x/C)の試料についての、粉末X線回折結果(XRDパターン)を示している。図2におけるピークから、PdおよびRuを含む場合はPdとRuが合金化(固溶)していること、および、パラジウムPdのモル比xが大きくなるにつれて、六方細密充填(hcp)から面心立方充填(fcc)へ変化することが、示されている。
図3は、図1の工程により得られた13種類のPdRu合金電極材料(PdRu1−x/C)の試料のうち、モル比xが0.1、0.50、0.90である3種類のPdRu合金電極材料(PdRu1−x/C)の試料についての、高角散乱環状暗視野走査透過顕微鏡法による像(HAADF−STEM像)を上段に、エネルギ分散型X線分析装置EDXによる元素マッピング像を中段および下段に示している。図3の上段に示される像は、PdRu合金電極材料(PdRu1−x/C)は、PdRuの組成比に拘わらず粒子形状であることを示し、図3の中段および下段に示される像は、Pd元素およびRu元素は、PdRuの組成比に拘わらずPdRu合金電極材料(PdRu1−x/C)の粒子内に均一に存在していることを示している。
図4は、図1の工程により得られたPdRuの組成比が相違する13種類のPdRu合金電極材料(PdRu1−x/C)の試料についての、誘導結合プラズマ発光分光分析装置ICP−AES(エスアイアイ・ナノテクノロジー社製 SPS5100)による組成分析結果を示す図表である。なお、ICP−AESに当たっては、試料をアルカリで溶融分解後、溶融物を塩酸、硝酸で溶解し、超純水で定容して検液とした。この結果から得られたPdとRuとのモル比は、PdRu1−yで示されている。図4によれば、ICP−AESによる組成分析結果で示されたPdの組成比(モル比)yは、製造時に調合したPdの組成比(モル比)xと略一致していて、仕込み通りの生成物が得られたことが確認された。
図5は、図1の工程により得られたPdRuの組成比が相違する13種類のPdRu合金電極材料(PdRu1−x/C)の試料についての、COパルス法による金属表面積測定装置(日本ベル社製 BEL−METAL)を用いて測定した結果を示す図表である。この測定結果の計算に必要な触媒組成や担持量として、図4に記載のICP−AESによる組成分析結果の値を用いている。このCOパルス法では、試料を100℃で加熱後、吸着ガスとして10%COガスをパルスで送り熱伝導度検出器TCDの時間積分強度から吸着ガス量G(単位:m/g)が求められ、1個の金属原子に1つのCO分子が吸着すると仮定し、次式(5)により金属表面積S(単位:m/g)が求められた。図5によれば、PdRu合金電極材料(PdRu1−x/C)中の金属比表面積(単位:m/g−metal)および、これらの計算に用いた金属断面積Aが示されている。
S=(G/22.4×10)×N×A×10−18・・・(5)
但し、Nはアボガドロ数、Aは金属断面積である。
(耐久性評価)
次に、図1の工程により得られたPdRuの組成比が相違する13種類のPdRu合金電極材料(PdRu1−x/C)についての耐久性評価を、電気化学的活性表面積ECAの低下特性を用いて評価するために、水素吸着電気量Qdesの測定を、以下の測定条件で行なった。
[試料作製条件]
18.5mgのPdRu合金電極材料(PdRu1−x/C)に、19.00mlの2−プロパノールと6.00mlの蒸留水と100μlの5%Nafion(登録商標)溶液(5%ナフィオン分散溶液DE21 CSタイプ、和光純薬工業株式会社)とを加え、30分間超音波分散してインクとした。このインク10μlを直径5mmのグラッシーカーボン電極に塗布し、乾燥させて13種類の試料(電極材料PdRu1−x/C)を得た。
[水素吸着電気量変化特性の測定条件]
・3電極式セル:対極:白金、参照極:可逆水素電極RHE、電解液:0.1M過塩素酸、25℃、N2飽和
・電流測定装置:ポテンシオスタット(北斗電工社製 HZ5000)
・測定方法:上記の試料(電極)に、上記3電極式セルを用いて、図6に示すように0Vを3秒、1.0V(vs.RHE)を3秒を1サイクルとするパルス状の電位変動を最大18000サイクルまで印加し、その間の0、100、500、1000、2000、3000、4000、13000、18000サイクル毎にサイクリックボルタンメトリーCVを行なった。なお、アノード電極およびカソード電極の両方における使用を想定して、上記のパルス状の電位変動の幅は、0V〜1.0Vと広範囲に設定されている。また、この電位変動サイクルの印加は、水素吸着電気量Qdesが最大値の50%以下に到達するまで、継続する。上記サイクリックボルタンメトリーCVでは、上記3電極式セルを用い、0V〜1.2の範囲で掃引速度が50mV/sにて電位Eを掃引したとき、得られたサイクリックボルタグラムの0.04V〜0.4V辺りに現れた水素吸着ピークの面積から、水素吸着電気量Qdesを算出した。(6)式から明らかなように、電気化学的活性表面積(ECA)と水素吸着電気量Qdesとは、比例する関係にあるので、正規化することにより同じ値となる。
ECA=Qdes/金属粒子単位表面積当たりの水素吸着電気量 ・・・(6)
(電気化学的活性表面積の減少特性)
次に、上記のようにして13種類のPdRu合金電極材料(PdRu1−x/C)の試料のそれぞれについて、所定サイクル毎にそれぞれ得られた水素吸着電気量Qdesの最大値を100としたときの相対値すなわち正規化された水素吸着電気量normalizedQdes(無次元)は、図7に示す如くとなる。図8は、サイクル数を示す横軸と正規化した水素吸着電気量normalizedQdesを示す縦軸とから成る二次元座標に、正規化された水素吸着電気量normalizedQdesをプロットしてグラフ化した図である。図8から明らかなように、正規化した水素吸着電気量normalizedQdesは、サイクル数の増加にともなって50付近まで低下した後、その低下速度が著しく低下した。そこで、触媒性能の低下速度を表す指標として、50%rateを次のように定義した。すなわち、図8において、正規化した水素吸着電気量normalizedQdesが50となる直前のデータポイントと直後のデータポイントとを結ぶ直線の傾きの絶対値を、50%rate(単位:サイクル−1)と定義した。この指標50%rateは、正規化した水素吸着電気量normalizedQdesが50付近における低下速度に対応しており、その値が小さいほど、PdRu合金の微粒子の電気化学的な表面活性の低下が小さくて活性が維持され、耐久性が高いことを意味している。
図9は、正規化したnormalized水素吸着電気量Qdes=50付近の水素吸着電気量normalizedQdesの低下率を示す指標である50%rateを、13種類のPdRu合金電極材料(PdRu1−x/C)の試料について示す図表である。図10は、図9に示される50%rateを、前記13種類のPdRu合金電極材料(PdRu1−x/C)の試料についての組成比(モル比x)を示す横軸と50%rateを示す縦軸とから成る二次元座標にプロットしてグラフ化した図である。
上記図9および図10に示されるように、モル比xが0.85≦x≦0.95の範囲内である場合には、水素吸着電気量normalizedQdesの低下率を示す指標値である50%rateの値が著しく低く、PdRu合金電極材料(PdRu1−x/C)の耐久性が高い。また、その事実は、さらに続けて電位サイクルを印加したとしても、高い電気化学的活性表面積ECAを保つことを示唆している。
(金属比表面積を考慮した耐久性評価)
以上の事実は、モル比xが0.85≦x≦0.95の範囲内である場合には、正規化された水素吸着電気量normalizedQdesの耐久性が著しく高いことを示唆しているが、これらのデータには、モル比(組成比)x以外の耐久性に影響する因子である金属比表面積が考慮されねばならない。金属比表面積が小さい試料ほど耐久性が高くなる傾向を示すことは当然であるから、金属比表面積が小さい組成との比較において、上記モル比xの範囲0.85≦x≦0.95の優位性が示される必要がある。
そこで、モル比x=0の試料に窒素雰囲気中、250℃、2時間という熱処理を施すことで金属比表面積を低下させた試料を作成して比較例1とした。また、元々金属比表面積が小さい、モル比xが0.30、0.50、0.70、0.80、1.0の試料を比較例2、3、4、5、6とし、また、モル比xが0.85、0.88、0.90、0.92、0.95の試料を実施例1、2、3、4、5とした。これにより、実施例1〜5の金属比表面積の値は、比較例1〜6の金属比表面積以上の値とされた。そして、それら実施例1〜5および比較例1〜6の試料について、前述と同様の条件で、COパルス法を用いた金属比表面積(m/g−metal)、各サイクル数における正規化した水素吸着電気量normalizedQdes、50%rateをそれぞれ求めた。
図11は、上記実施例1〜5および比較例1〜6の試料についてそれぞれ求められた、COパルス法を用いた金属比表面積(m/g−metal)と、図6の印加電位変動サイクル数の各値における正規化した水素吸着電気量normalizedQdesと、50%rateを示す図表である。図12は、図11に示されたデータのうち、図6の印加電位変動サイクルの増加に伴う、正規化した水素吸着電気量normalizedQdesの変化を、実施例1〜5および比較例1〜6の試料のそれぞれについてグラフ化した図である。図13は、図11に示されたデータのうち、実施例1〜5および比較例1〜6の試料のモル比xと50%rateとの関係をグラフ化した図である。
図11、図12、図13に示すように、Pdのモル比xが0.85≦x≦0.95の範囲内である実施例1〜5は、比較例1〜6よりも、金属比表面積が大きいすなわち小径粒にも拘わらず、耐久性が著しく高い。すなわち、モル比xが0.85≦x≦0.95の範囲内である実施例1〜5の耐久性の高さは、その組成すなわちPdのモル比xによることが明確に示されている。
なお、図11に示されていないが図4、図5、図7、図9のx=0.97(実施例6)は、50%rateにおいて比較例6と同様であったが、比表面積が比較例6よりもかなり大きいため(図5)、組成の影響による実質的な耐久性は高いと言える。
ここで、x=0.8〜1の50%rateを通る曲線補間式の上で50%rateがPdよりも小さくなる領域を示すために、50%rateの組成比xに対する変化、すなわち50%rateの組成比xに対する関係を最小自乗法を用いて二次関数としてフィッティングした。図14はその結果を示し、その二次関数(回帰式)は次式(7)にて表される。図14において、回帰式の決定係数Rは、0.9522である。決定係数の値が1に近いことから,良好なフィッティングが得られたことがわかる。また、図14の曲線で示される回帰式から、0.81≦x<1の範囲において、50%rateがx=1の場合(比較例6)よりも小さくなることが推定される。つまり、0.81≦x<1の範囲において耐久性が高いと推定される。
50%rate=1.8543x−3.3526x+1.5155 ・・・(7)
上述のように、本実施例のPdRu合金電極材料(PdRu1−x/C)によれば、Pdのモル比xが0.81≦x<1の範囲内であるので、PdRu合金の微粒子の電気化学的な表面活性の低下を抑制して活性を維持することができ、高い耐久性が得られる。
また、本実施例のPdRu合金電極材料(PdRu1−x/C)は、固体高分子形燃料電池PEFCの電極(触媒)として用いられる場合には、耐久性の高い固体高分子形燃料電池PEFCの電極が得られる。
また、本実施例のPdRu合金電極材料(PdRu1−x/C)の導電性担体は、還元剤と、導電性担体粒子と、パラジウム化合物またはパラジウムイオンと、ルテニウム化合物またはルテニウムイオンと含む溶液を、所定の温度以上の温度に保持する保温工程P5を含む製造工程により製造される。このようにすれば、パラジウムとルテニウムとの合金化と、導電性粒子の表面にその合金の微粒子を導電性担体粒子に析出させる触媒の固定化とが同じ噴霧工程P4内で行なわれるので、工程が簡単となり、製造が容易となる。また、保護剤が無くとも粒子成長を抑えた微粒子を合成でき、さらに、粒子の凝集を少ないままに高濃度に坦持可能である。
また、本実施例のPdRu合金電極材料(PdRu1−x/C)は、高い耐久性を示す。
また、本実施例のPdRu合金電極材料(PdRu1−x/C)の導電性担体は、PdRu合金の微粒子が導電性担体であるカーボン粒子に直接析出させられることにより固定されているので、PdRu合金の微粒子がカーボン粒子に高濃度で担持され、同量であれば電極触媒性能が高められ、同じ性能であれば粉体を少なくできて、電極の電気抵抗を低くできる利点がある。
なお、上述したのはあくまでも一実施形態であり、本発明は当業者の知識に基づいて種々の変更、改良を加えた態様で実施することができる。
P4:噴霧工程
P5:保温工程(工程)

Claims (5)

  1. PdとRuが固溶しているPdRu合金PdRu1−xの微粒子を導電性担体の表面に固定したPdRu合金電極材料であって、
    前記PdとRu、モル比xで0.81≦x<1の範囲内であることを特徴とするPdRu合金電極材料。
  2. 前記PdとRuが、モル比xで0.85から0.95の範囲内であることを特徴とする請求項1のPdRu合金電極材料。
  3. 前記PdRu合金電極材料は、固体高分子形燃料電池PEFCの触媒電極として用いられることを特徴とする請求項1または2のPdRu合金電極材料。
  4. 前記導電性担体は、カーボン粒子であることを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれか1のPdRu合金電極材料。
  5. 請求項1から4のいずれか1に記載されたPdRu合金の微粒子を導電性担体に固定したPdRu合金電極材料の製造方法であって、
    還元剤と、導電性粒子と、パラジウム化合物またはパラジウムイオンと、ルテニウム化合物またはルテニウムイオンと含む溶液を、所定の温度以上の温度に保持する工程を含むことを特徴とするPdRu合金電極材料の製造方法。
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