JP2017121226A - Bottom watering system for cultivation of varieties of vegetables - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a system which does not cause root rot in a mixed compost, has a structure preventing from root rot, and copes with dryness by watering from above in the same way as in the case of planting in the ground, in order to enable a cultivation for a large variety of plants in which the trouble of watering is saved for a long period of time by improving a watering string type bottom watering cultivation.SOLUTION: A string for watering is winded to make a cylindrical shape with a diameter of 1.5 cm using a micro cloth having a width of 20 cm, a length of 13 cm, and a thickness of 1 mm, a head part made from the same material is put to form in a paper doll for fine weather, water is sucked up, and thereby the PF of the bottom of a compost becomes about 1.0. When water is sucked up by 10 cm, the PF becomes about 1.4. Furthermore, the water in the bottom part is sucked up with a capillary through inside a compost, the PF in the compost at about 6 to 12 cm from the bottom becomes 1.0 to 1.7. There is no desiccation in this position. Since, in the upper compost at 12 to 18 cm, the water is reduced by dryness and a plant may wither, watering by manual operation is required.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to a system for performing bonsai and flower cultivation by bottom irrigation.

In bottom irrigated cultivation, cultivated soil such as cyclamen and poinsettia, which is resistant to excessive moisture, is used in Japan. This is because the bottom irrigation is a cultivation method that sucks up the water from the capillary. However, peat moss is a material containing a very large amount of moisture, and the liquid phase at the bottom becomes high due to gravity, and when the roots extend to the bottom, the moisture is long and the air is reduced. As a result, root pain occurs, and plants that are vulnerable to overhumidity cannot be cultivated. In bonsai and flower cultivation, there are many plants that are vulnerable to overhumidity, and the bottom irrigation is not cultivated because it is a root rot cultivation. However, if culture soil with a lot of pores is used as the culture soil, there is no water absorption and the rise of the capillary tube does not rise to a high level, but there is a means to grow in a shallow cultivation container like bonsai in Japan, and the utility value is generated. Therefore, the bottom irrigation cultivation is tried with the culture soil which does not become root rot with many pores, and the system cultivation is performed.

Japanese Patent Application 2013-211143 Japanese Patent Application 2014-2116 Aichi Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station Potted soil culture and moisture management

Actual application 1

Actual application 2015-1236

The present invention is a potted plant cultivation system in which a multi-variety plant cultivation method including cultivars vulnerable to excessive moisture in a porous culture soil is performed by bottom irrigation, and was previously registered as a utility model as a registration table 198649 on June 24. However, the moisture content of the rhizosphere environment in a system using culture soil with a lot of pores is examined with the PF value, and whether or not safe cultivation is possible with the PF value is repeated by test cultivation, and the cultivation state continues. It is a challenge to establish a structure that eliminates over-humidity damage that occurs in the test cultivation of the cultivation system, confirms how much capillary cultivation can be done in culture soil with many pores where the capillary does not rise, and drying It is also an issue to take preventive measures.

The culture soil is a mixture of red cereal grains, humus, and zeolite, with a specific gravity of 0.5 and a saturated liquid phase of about 30%. The bottom is PF1,0. Although humus is used for the culture soil, not only the size of the humus is different, but also the decomposition tends to progress during the cultivation and the structure tends to change. However, the nitrogen content is high to some extent, so there is little nitrogen sequestration. If the fallen leaves are sufficiently rotted, they will turn into stable aggregates, which are mixed. In capillaries, there are few opportunities for overhead irrigation, and the small red jade soil, which is the main component, is also a culture soil with high porosity and no root rot because there is little change in aggregate structure. The shape of the water supply string is 20cm in width, 13cm in length, 1mm in thickness, and the cloth is made into a cylindrical shape with a diameter of 1,5cm. Hanging on the tank water from the bottom of the cultivation container, with a bottom area of 15 x 15 square centimeters, the volume can be increased without limit by increasing the number of water-absorbing cords, and growing as shown in Fig. 1. Raise the bottom of the container by about 1 cm to increase the suction distance and suck up water. The depth of the tank is limited to 10 cm, but if it is sucked from a full tank to about 1 cm to 10 cm where water is depleted, the bottom of the culture soil will be about PF1,0 to PF1,4. Next, when the water of PF1, 4 sucks the inside of the culture soil to about 6 cm-12 cm with a capillary tube, the PF value becomes about 1,7. In the culture soil, water is bound by the surface tension between the water sucked up by the capillaries and the stay of gravity water, so there is little influence of drying, and in the culture soil of 6 cm-12 cm, PF1, 0-PF1, 7 As the value continues, a stable moisture retention state continues. Next, in a cultivation container defined as 18 cm above it, if a pot with a soil height of 6 cm is planted in a culture soil of 12 cm-18 cm, the root of the root of the pot seedling has stable water with a PF value of about 1,7. Although it is in the range that can be supplied, normal cultivation is possible, but there is unevenness in the culture soil, and seedlings may wither during dry seasons in the summer, so as with ground planting, determine the frequency of irrigation and plenty It is necessary to irrigate. However, since the roots eventually grew to 6cm-12cm, a stable moisture state, and it rained outdoors, there were few opportunities for overhead irrigation because the cultivation test required attention only to replenish water in the tank. Next, another cause of root rot is that the root grows up, penetrates the drain hole at the bottom of the cultivation container, reaches the tank, and is immersed in the tank water. For this reason, as shown in FIG. 1, the bottom of the cultivation container is not provided with a large number of drain holes, but a small number of holes are provided at the ends, and the center part of the cultivation container is raised to open a 1,5 cm water absorption string hole. , 5cm water-absorbing cord body is housed, the head of the terutan shaved shape is covered with a water-permeable root-proof sheet, and the body is wrapped with tape and fixed to the bottom so that the root stays in the cultivation container and does not extend into the tank. A drain hole is provided at the end of the bottom of the cultivation container, but the water is blocked by the lid, the root does not enter the tank, the water flows into the lid, flows into the 2.5 cm water absorption string hole that opens in the lid, It will be structured to flow down from the gap in the water supply string hole and store in the tank.

When cultivation is carried out with a rhizosphere environment of PF 0, 1 or more, the plant does not become root rot, and even if it grows, the root remains in the cultivation container. It is a system structure with plenty of overhead irrigation, and the water and rain that flows by overhead irrigation flows into the tank and is stored, preventing it from drying out.However, because it stores rain outdoors, there are few opportunities for overhead irrigation, indoor or In the half-shade, it is a multi-plant plant bottom irrigation system that requires very little opportunity to irrigate through the gap between the lids because of less evaporation.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. There are two causes of root rot, a disadvantage of bottom irrigation cultivation. (1) is cultivated by continuously cultivating the mixed culture soil with less air, and eventually the roots weaken and become root rot. In (2), roots rot due to temporary contact with water. Therefore, as shown in Fig. 1, the thickness of the 4 water supply cords is set to 1,5 cm, and the mixture is thoroughly irrigated into two mixed culture soils with a temporary specific gravity of 0.5 by mixing small red jade soil, humus soil, and zeolite, and placed underneath. Lower the C water supply string body of the 4 water absorption string into 3 tanks and suck up 5 water, but fill up 3 tanks with full tank water and raise the bottom of 1 cultivation container and suck up a distance of about 1 cm to culture the bottom of 1 cultivation container The soil has a PF of about 1 and 0, and the PF value is about 1 and 4 at a suction distance of 10 cm at the bottom of the tank where 5 tanks of 5 water disappear. The reason why the water does not stagnate at the bottom so that peat moss is used for the cultivated soil within 2 cm is because the culture soil is rough, and gravity water flows down from the four water-absorbing strings, and the water flows down without stagnation. In a cultivation test with about 30 different varieties, root rot did not occur in the culture soil of PF10 or more, which was the rhizosphere, and smooth growth was possible. In particular, it is possible to cultivate smoothly even in the cultivation of epiphytic orchids that want air, and it can be said that two mixed culture soils of about PF10 or more are in a moisture state that does not cause root rot. Next, root rot is caused by structural problems such as the root grows, the root grows, the root grows from the seven drain holes at the bottom of the cultivation container, and is immersed in three tanks placed underneath. In order to prevent this, as shown in Fig. 1, 6 tanks are covered with 6 lids, the bottom is raised, the distance between 1 cultivation container bottom and 3 tank water is increased, and the diameter of the 4 water absorption string and the cultivation container water supply string The water hole is fixed at the bottom with the same diameter and no gap, so the root stays at the bottom, and the water that flows down after irrigation flows from the 7 drain hole that opens to the end to the 6 lid, and the F water string that opens at the center of the lid It is structured so that the roots do not enter the three tanks after flowing down from the hole gap. By this method, cultivation in a rhizosphere environment having a PF value of 1, 0-1, 7 which does not require watering adjustment is possible in a cultivation container having a height of 18 cm or less. During the dry season in summer, the capillaries do not rise to the surface part of the cultivation container with a height of 18 cm, and the surface part may exceed the initial wilting point, but there are few such opportunities throughout the year, when the culture soil dries, Since the plants will wither, plenty of irrigation is required manually from the surface of the culture soil. In the rhizosphere environment with a PF value of 1,0-1,7, there was no problem of root rot in more than 30 types of test cultivation. Then, increase the PF value to increase the PF value.

FIG. 1 is a front perspective view of a system according to an embodiment of the present invention. The bottom culture soil PF value when a capillary is sucked up is about 10 when the tank is fully filled with water. FIG. 2 is a front perspective view of the system according to the embodiment of the present invention. The tank is at the time of water reduction, and the bottom culture soil is around PF1,4. FIG. 3 is a front view of the water absorbent string.

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view from the front of the system of the present invention: 1 cultivation container, 2 mixed culture soil, 3 tank, 4 water supply string, 5 water, 6 lid with saucer, 7 drain hole, 8 PF value measuring meter, 9 rain. Micro cloth B Water supply string head C Water supply string body part D Root-permeable water-permeable sheet E Bundling tape F Water absorption string lid gap.

Claims (5)

A multi-plant cultivated bottom irrigation system that uses red soil, humus and zeolite mixed in a soil of 30% saturated liquid phase with a temporary specific gravity of 0.5. The culture soil of [Claim 1] is used, and the height of the cultivation container is limited to 18 cm. However, when the water-absorbing string is defined to have a diameter of 1 and 5 cm and overhead irrigation is performed, the suction distance of the tank 10 cm is 1 cm- At 10 cm, it becomes PF1,0-PF1,4. Furthermore, when water is sucked up by bottom irrigation in the culture soil, it remains at PF1, 0-PF1, 7 depending on the season and place in the middle of the culture soil of 6 cm-12 cm. In this rhizosphere environment, the plant multicultural bottom irrigation system does not cause root rot and performs manual overhead irrigation with the same feeling as ground planting when drying the surface of 12 cm-18 cm. Water is stored in the tank and cultivated. In the bottom irrigation cultivation, the roots of the plants grow and grow, and are immersed in the water of the tank. In order to prevent root rot, a water supply string is formed by attaching a head to a cylindrical body of 1,5 cm and forming a terbob shape, and grows by hanging the trunk from a water absorption string hole of 1,5 cm on the bottom of the cultivation container The roots stay inside the culture soil, and the lid separates the bottom of the cultivation container from the tank water, and in order to prevent the roots from extending from the drain holes to the tank and becoming root rot, it is shaped like a saucer-shaped lid. A multi-plant cultivated bottom irrigation system that flows from the string gap. A water-absorbing string of a plant multi-cultivation bottom irrigation system, in which a root-proof permeable sheet is wrapped around a terter shaved head and a tape is wrapped around the outer periphery of the body to prevent rooting of the water-absorbing string. In the cultivation using the culture soil of [Claim 1], the rhizosphere environment of the plant is PF10 or more, and in order to confirm whether root rot occurs in the culture soil of PF10 or more, more than 30 kinds A multi-plant cultivated bottom irrigation system that confirms good cultivation in test cultivation of plants, and that good cultivation is possible even in cultivation of epiphytic orchids.