JP2017119238A - スパイラル型膜エレメント - Google Patents
スパイラル型膜エレメント Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2017119238A JP2017119238A JP2015256511A JP2015256511A JP2017119238A JP 2017119238 A JP2017119238 A JP 2017119238A JP 2015256511 A JP2015256511 A JP 2015256511A JP 2015256511 A JP2015256511 A JP 2015256511A JP 2017119238 A JP2017119238 A JP 2017119238A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- membrane
- permeate
- side channel
- spiral
- thickness
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/10—Spiral-wound membrane modules
- B01D63/103—Details relating to membrane envelopes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/10—Spiral-wound membrane modules
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/10—Spiral-wound membrane modules
- B01D63/101—Spiral winding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/10—Spiral-wound membrane modules
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Abstract
【解決手段】複合半透膜、供給側流路材及び透過側流路材3を含む積層体を備えるスパイラル型膜エレメントにおいて、透過側流路材3は、縦方向に直線状に繰り返すループ3aにより形成される複数の畝3bと、それらの畝3b同士の間に存在する複数の溝3cとを有するトリコット編物により形成され、25mm当たりの溝数(wale)×{畝幅Wb(mm)/溝幅Wc(mm)}から計算される膜支持指数が60〜135であり、{溝幅Wc(mm)×溝深さD(mm)×25mm当たりの溝数(wale)}/25mm当たりの畝10bを形成するループ10aの数(course)から計算される流路指数が、0.18〜0.45(mm2)であることを特徴とする。
【選択図】図2
Description
本発明のスパイラル型膜エレメントは、図1に示すように、複合半透膜2、供給側流路材6及び透過側流路材3を含む積層体と、その積層体が巻回された有孔の中心管5と、供給側流路と透過側流路との混合を防止する封止部21とを備えている。本実施形態では、複合半透膜2、供給側流路材6及び透過側流路材3を含む複数の分離膜ユニットが、中心管5の回りに巻きつけられている巻回体Rの例を示す。
透過側流路材は、海水淡水化や排水処理等の用途において、RO膜やNF膜を用いる場合に、複合半透膜の透過側(分離機能層の反対側である多孔性支持体の側)に設けられる。この透過側流路材には膜にかかる圧力を膜背面から支えるとともに、透過液の流路を確保することが求められる。
また、図3には、透過側流路材の他の例を示してあり、(a)はデンビー編物(閉じ目)の例を、(b)はデンビー編物(開き目)の例を示している。これらの例においても、縦方向に直線状に繰り返すループ3aにより形成される複数の畝3bと、それらの畝3b同士の間に存在する複数の溝3cとを有している。溝3cの底部には、1つのループ3aから次ぎのループ3aに縦糸を繋げるための斜め糸3dを有している。つまり、1本の縦糸がループ3aの部分と斜め糸3dの部分とで構成されている。
本発明における複合半透膜は、多孔性支持体の表面に分離機能層を有するものであり、多孔性支持体としては、不織布層の片面にポリマー多孔質層を有するものが好ましい。多孔性支持体の厚みは、70〜120μmであることが好ましく、80〜100μmであることがより好ましい。また、複合半透膜の厚さは70〜125μmが好ましく、80〜105μmがより好ましい。
本発明のスパイラル型膜エレメントは、海水淡水化や排水処理等の用途に使用できるが、近年、運転時の消費電力を低減する目的で、従来より低い圧力でも十分な透過流束が得られる複合半透膜が開発されている。このような複合半透膜を用いた用途では、膜の供給側と透過側の差圧(運転圧力)として、例えば0.3〜3.0MPaが設定され、好ましくは0.5〜1.5MPaが設定される。本発明のスパイラル型膜エレメントは、このような低圧で運転を行なう場合にも、従来より高密度の透過側流路材を用いることで、多孔性支持体の薄型化に対応できるようにしたものである。
厚さ測定は市販の厚さ測定器((株)尾崎製作所製:ダイヤルシックネスゲージ G−7C)を用いて測定を行った。不織布層とポリマー多孔質層の厚さ測定については、あらかじめ不織布層の厚さを測定しておき、その不織布層上にポリマー多孔質層を形成した状態で複合半透膜支持体全体の厚さを測定した。その後、複合半透膜支持体の厚さと不織布の厚さの差を求め、ポリマー多孔質層の厚さとした。各厚さ測定では同一膜面における任意十点測定値の平均値を用いた。
透過側流路材の平面視及び断面の光学顕微鏡写真において、スケールを基準として任意十点で溝幅、畝幅、及び溝深さを測定し、その測定値の平均値を用いた。透過側流路材のウエルとコースについては、光学顕微鏡下で、25mm×25mmの範囲における溝数(wale)と、25mm当たりの畝を形成するループの数(course)を計測した。
作製した平膜状の複合半透膜を所定の形状、サイズに切断し、各種の透過側流路材と共に平膜評価用のセルにセットする。1500mg/LのNaCl水溶液を供給液として『4MPaまで加圧し、0MPaへ戻す』というOn−Offサイクルを200回繰り返す。
透塩率(SP)(%)=(膜透過液中のNaCl濃度/供給液中のNaCl濃度)×100
(透水性)
作製した平膜状の複合半透膜の二枚を所定の形状、サイズに切断し、各種の透過側流路材をはさみ込んで平膜評価用のセルにセットする。複合半透膜の上から1MPaの圧力で加圧しながら、透過側流路材の端面から圧力1.0MPaで水を流し、60秒間での水の透過量(H−value)を測定した。なお、透過側流路材は、直線状に連続する溝が、水を流す方向に平行になるように、複合半透膜の多孔性支持体に接するように配置した。
厚さ65μmの市販の水処理膜支持体用ポリエステル製不織布(幅約1m)を搬送しつつ、その表面に、ポリスルホンとジメチルホルムアミドの混合溶液(ポリマー濃度18.35重量%)を連続的に塗布し、35℃の水中で凝固処理することで、厚さ25μmのポリマー多孔質層を形成した、長尺の多孔性支持体(厚み90μm)を作製した。
製造例1において、厚さ90μmの不織布を用いて厚さ40μmのポリマー多孔質層を形成し、厚み130μmの多孔性支持体を得たこと以外は、製造例1と全く同じ条件で、長尺の複合半透膜を作製した。
製造例1で得られた複合半透膜と表1に示す透過側流路材E〜Gとを使用して、耐久性と透水性を評価した。その結果を併せて表1に示す。
製造例1で得られた複合半透膜と表1に示す透過側流路材A〜Dとを使用して、耐久性と透水性を評価した。その結果を併せて表1に示す。
実施例1において、製造例1で得られた複合半透膜の代わりに、製造例2で得られた複合半透膜(多孔性支持体の厚み130μm)を使用すること以外は、実施例1と全く同じ条件で耐久性を評価した。その結果、耐久性が2.1となり、実施例1と比較して膜厚が厚くなる分耐圧性は良化するものの、スパイラル型膜エレメントに複合半透膜を充填した際の有効膜面積が、実施例1と比較して16%減少するため、膜エレメントの流量が低下するため望ましくない。
3 透過側流路材
3a ループ
3b 畝
3c 溝
4 封筒状膜
5 中心管
6 供給側流路材
7 供給液
8 透過液
9 濃縮液
21 封止部
Wb 畝幅
Wc 溝幅
D 溝深さ
Claims (6)
- 多孔性支持体の表面に分離機能層を有する複合半透膜、供給側流路材及び透過側流路材を含む積層体と、その積層体が巻回された有孔の中心管と、供給側流路と透過側流路との混合を防止する封止部とを備えるスパイラル型膜エレメントにおいて、
前記複合半透膜の多孔性支持体の厚みは、70〜120μmであり、
前記透過側流路材は、縦方向に直線状に繰り返すループにより形成される複数の畝と、それらの畝同士の間に存在する複数の溝とを有するトリコット編物により形成され、
25mm当たりの溝数(wale)×{畝幅(mm)/溝幅(mm)}から計算される膜支持指数が60〜135であり、
{溝幅(mm)×溝深さ(mm)×25mm当たりの溝数(wale)}/25mm当たりの畝を形成するループの数(course)から計算される流路指数が、0.18〜0.45(mm2)であることを特徴とするスパイラル型膜エレメント。 - 前記透過側流路材の厚みは、0.10〜0.40mmである請求項1記載のスパイラル型膜エレメント。
- 前記透過側流路材の溝幅は、0.10〜0.30mmである請求項1又は2記載のスパイラル型膜エレメント。
- 前記多孔性支持体は、厚み50〜90μmの不織布層の片面に、厚み10〜35μmのポリマー多孔質層を有するものである請求項1〜3いずれかに記載のスパイラル型膜エレメント。
- 前記透過側流路材は、編物形成後に樹脂補強又は融着処理されたトリコット編物である請求項1〜4いずれかに記載のスパイラル型膜エレメント。
- 前記透過側流路材は、直線状に連続する溝の方向が周方向に沿った方向で巻回されている請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載のスパイラル型膜エレメント。
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CN108367248B (zh) | 2021-04-23 |
EP3417928A4 (en) | 2019-11-20 |
JP6347775B2 (ja) | 2018-06-27 |
WO2017115653A1 (ja) | 2017-07-06 |
KR102035951B1 (ko) | 2019-10-23 |
CN108367248A (zh) | 2018-08-03 |
KR20180074770A (ko) | 2018-07-03 |
US20190001274A1 (en) | 2019-01-03 |
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