WO2016047696A1 - スパイラル型膜エレメント - Google Patents
スパイラル型膜エレメント Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016047696A1 WO2016047696A1 PCT/JP2015/076955 JP2015076955W WO2016047696A1 WO 2016047696 A1 WO2016047696 A1 WO 2016047696A1 JP 2015076955 W JP2015076955 W JP 2015076955W WO 2016047696 A1 WO2016047696 A1 WO 2016047696A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- side channel
- membrane
- composite semipermeable
- channel material
- thickness
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 136
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 28
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 25
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 21
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 19
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 18
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 9
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000012695 Interfacial polymerization Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 5
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1 GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 3
- WZCQRUWWHSTZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(N)=C1 WZCQRUWWHSTZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- JSYBAZQQYCNZJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,2,4-triamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(N)C(N)=C1 JSYBAZQQYCNZJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UWCPYKQBIPYOLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,3,5-tricarbonyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1=CC(C(Cl)=O)=CC(C(Cl)=O)=C1 UWCPYKQBIPYOLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009292 forward osmosis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940018564 m-phenylenediamine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960005141 piperazine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229920000110 poly(aryl ether sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 2
- AJDIZQLSFPQPEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-Trichlorotrifluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)C(F)(Cl)Cl AJDIZQLSFPQPEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GEYOCULIXLDCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1N GEYOCULIXLDCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UQBNGMRDYGPUOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-n,3-n-dimethylbenzene-1,3-diamine Chemical compound CNC1=CC=CC(NC)=C1 UQBNGMRDYGPUOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKTUQAYCCLMNOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-diaminobenzoic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1N KKTUQAYCCLMNOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BAHPQISAXRFLCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-Diaminoanisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(N)C=C1N BAHPQISAXRFLCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VPMMJSPGZSFEAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-diaminophenol;hydrochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].NC1=CC=C(O)C([NH3+])=C1 VPMMJSPGZSFEAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VOZKAJLKRJDJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-diaminotoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N)C=C1N VOZKAJLKRJDJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NSMWYRLQHIXVAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dimethylpiperazine Chemical compound CC1CNC(C)CN1 NSMWYRLQHIXVAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RLYCRLGLCUXUPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-diaminotoluene Chemical compound CC1=C(N)C=CC=C1N RLYCRLGLCUXUPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ITTFEPALADGOBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butylpropanedioyl dichloride Chemical compound CCCCC(C(Cl)=O)C(Cl)=O ITTFEPALADGOBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IPOVOSHRRIJKBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylpropanedioyl dichloride Chemical compound CCC(C(Cl)=O)C(Cl)=O IPOVOSHRRIJKBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MLNSYGKGQFHSNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-propylpropanedioyl dichloride Chemical compound CCCC(C(Cl)=O)C(Cl)=O MLNSYGKGQFHSNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNIZQCLFRCBEGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-phenylbenzene-1,2-dicarbonyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1C(Cl)=O GNIZQCLFRCBEGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004640 Melamine resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GKXVJHDEWHKBFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-(aminomethyl)phenyl]methanamine Chemical compound NCC1=CC=CC=C1CN GKXVJHDEWHKBFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000010933 acylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005917 acylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002152 aqueous-organic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001540 azides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007514 bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- YARQLHBOIGUVQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,2,3-trisulfonyl chloride Chemical compound ClS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC(S(Cl)(=O)=O)=C1S(Cl)(=O)=O YARQLHBOIGUVQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YBGQXNZTVFEKEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,2-disulfonyl chloride Chemical compound ClS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1S(Cl)(=O)=O YBGQXNZTVFEKEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RPHKINMPYFJSCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,3,5-triamine Chemical compound NC1=CC(N)=CC(N)=C1 RPHKINMPYFJSCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FDQSRULYDNDXQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,3-dicarbonyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(Cl)=O)=C1 FDQSRULYDNDXQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CSKNSYBAZOQPLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzenesulfonyl chloride Chemical compound ClS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 CSKNSYBAZOQPLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 1
- BZFATHSFIGBGOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,1,1-tricarbonyl chloride Chemical compound CCCC(C(Cl)=O)(C(Cl)=O)C(Cl)=O BZFATHSFIGBGOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- XWALRFDLDRDCJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclobutane-1,1,2,2-tetracarbonyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1(C(Cl)=O)CCC1(C(Cl)=O)C(Cl)=O XWALRFDLDRDCJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LXLCHRQXLFIZNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclobutane-1,1-dicarbonyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1(C(Cl)=O)CCC1 LXLCHRQXLFIZNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PBWUKDMYLKXAIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,1,2-tricarbonyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1CCCCC1(C(Cl)=O)C(Cl)=O PBWUKDMYLKXAIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MLCGVCXKDYTMRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,1-dicarbonyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1(C(Cl)=O)CCCCC1 MLCGVCXKDYTMRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SSJXIUAHEKJCMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound NC1CCCCC1N SSJXIUAHEKJCMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GEQHKFFSPGPGLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,3-diamine Chemical compound NC1CCCC(N)C1 GEQHKFFSPGPGLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VKIRRGRTJUUZHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,4-diamine Chemical compound NC1CCC(N)CC1 VKIRRGRTJUUZHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DCXMNNZFVFSGJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentane-1,1,2,2-tetracarbonyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1(C(Cl)=O)CCCC1(C(Cl)=O)C(Cl)=O DCXMNNZFVFSGJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JREFGECMMPJUHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentane-1,1,2-tricarbonyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1CCCC1(C(Cl)=O)C(Cl)=O JREFGECMMPJUHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YYLFLXVROAGUFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentane-1,1-dicarbonyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1(C(Cl)=O)CCCC1 YYLFLXVROAGUFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CRMQURWQJQPUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopropane-1,1,2-tricarbonyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1CC1(C(Cl)=O)C(Cl)=O CRMQURWQJQPUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010840 domestic wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012527 feed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009501 film coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- QYDOSFKIGGBBQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N furan-2,3,4,5-tetracarbonyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C=1OC(C(Cl)=O)=C(C(Cl)=O)C=1C(Cl)=O QYDOSFKIGGBBQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012433 hydrogen halide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000039 hydrogen halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010842 industrial wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- OCIDXARMXNJACB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-phenylethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound NCCNC1=CC=CC=C1 OCIDXARMXNJACB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001728 nano-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- WUQGUKHJXFDUQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,2-dicarbonyl chloride Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(C(Cl)=O)C(C(=O)Cl)=CC=C21 WUQGUKHJXFDUQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- LSHSZIMRIAJWRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolane-2,3-dicarbonyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1CCOC1C(Cl)=O LSHSZIMRIAJWRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MTAAPVANJNSBGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentane-1,1,1-tricarbonyl chloride Chemical compound CCCCC(C(Cl)=O)(C(Cl)=O)C(Cl)=O MTAAPVANJNSBGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GHAIYFTVRRTBNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N piperazin-1-ylmethanamine Chemical compound NCN1CCNCC1 GHAIYFTVRRTBNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003506 piperazine hexahydrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- AVRVZRUEXIEGMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N piperazine;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.C1CNCCN1 AVRVZRUEXIEGMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003207 poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011112 polyethylene naphthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- VLRIRAGKJXODNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,1,1-tricarbonyl chloride Chemical compound CCC(C(Cl)=O)(C(Cl)=O)C(Cl)=O VLRIRAGKJXODNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AOHJOMMDDJHIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylenediamine Chemical compound CC(N)CN AOHJOMMDDJHIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940083575 sodium dodecyl sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940080264 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008400 supply water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- LXEJRKJRKIFVNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N terephthaloyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(Cl)=O)C=C1 LXEJRKJRKIFVNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- MBYLVOKEDDQJDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-aminoethyl)amine Chemical compound NCCN(CCN)CCN MBYLVOKEDDQJDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910000406 trisodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019801 trisodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/10—Spiral-wound membrane modules
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/10—Spiral-wound membrane modules
- B01D63/101—Spiral winding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/10—Spiral-wound membrane modules
- B01D63/103—Details relating to membrane envelopes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0002—Organic membrane manufacture
- B01D67/0004—Organic membrane manufacture by agglomeration of particles
- B01D67/00042—Organic membrane manufacture by agglomeration of particles by deposition of fibres, nanofibres or nanofibrils
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/10—Supported membranes; Membrane supports
- B01D69/107—Organic support material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/10—Supported membranes; Membrane supports
- B01D69/107—Organic support material
- B01D69/1071—Woven, non-woven or net mesh
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/12—Composite membranes; Ultra-thin membranes
- B01D69/1213—Laminated layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
- B01D2313/14—Specific spacers
- B01D2313/146—Specific spacers on the permeate side
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/04—Characteristic thickness
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/131—Reverse-osmosis
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a spiral membrane element (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as “membrane element”) using a composite semipermeable membrane for separating and concentrating a specific substance or the like from various liquids.
- a spiral membrane element including the center tube 5 and a sealing portion 21 that prevents mixing of the supply side passage and the permeation side passage is used (see Patent Document 1).
- the membrane element 1 When the membrane element 1 is used, the supply liquid 7 is supplied from one end face side of the membrane element 1, and the supplied supply liquid 7 is along the supply-side flow path member 6 in the axial direction A 1 of the central tube 5. And is discharged as a concentrate 9 from the other end face side of the membrane element 1.
- the permeated liquid 8 that has permeated the composite semipermeable membrane 2 in the process in which the supply liquid 7 flows along the supply-side flow path material 6 opens the opening 5a along the permeation-side flow path material 3 as shown by the broken line arrows in the figure. From the inside of the central tube 5 and discharged from the end of the central tube 5.
- Patent Document 2 for example, as a permeate-side flow path material of a spiral membrane element, a resin is applied to a tricot knitted fabric in consideration of securing a flow path in the permeate-side flow path and pressure loss. What has been impregnated to increase rigidity has been used. Further, according to this document, it is preferable that the width of the groove formed on the surface of the tricot knitted fabric is 0.5 to 0.9 mm in order to reduce the pressure loss of the permeation side flow path.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a spiral membrane element that can increase the effective membrane area of the composite semipermeable membrane and is less likely to cause a decrease in the blocking rate due to deformation of the composite semipermeable membrane.
- the present inventors have used a specific tricot knitted fabric as the permeate-side flow path material even when the composite semipermeable membrane is made thinner than before. It has been found that the above problems can be solved by using it, and the present invention has been completed.
- the present invention provides a laminate comprising a composite semipermeable membrane having a separation functional layer on the surface of a porous support, a supply-side channel material, and a permeation-side channel material, and a perforated material around which the laminate is wound.
- a composite semipermeable membrane having a separation functional layer on the surface of a porous support, a supply-side channel material, and a permeation-side channel material, and a perforated material around which the laminate is wound.
- the thickness of the porous support of the composite semipermeable membrane is 80 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the permeate-side channel material is formed of a tricot knitted fabric, and the width of a linearly continuous groove is 0.05 to 0.40 mm.
- the spiral membrane element of the present invention since the thickness of the porous support of the composite semipermeable membrane is smaller than the conventional one, the effective membrane area of the composite semipermeable membrane in the membrane element can be increased, and the flow rate of the permeate is increased. be able to.
- the linearly continuous groove has a width in a specific range, even when the composite semipermeable membrane is made thinner than the conventional one, it is possible to make it difficult to reduce the rejection due to the deformation.
- the thickness of the permeate side channel material is 0.10 to 0.40 mm. With such a thickness of the permeation-side flow path material, it is possible to sufficiently secure the permeation-side flow path and sufficiently ensure the effective membrane area of the composite semipermeable membrane in the spiral membrane element.
- the porous support preferably has a polymer porous layer having a thickness of 10 to 35 ⁇ m on one side of a nonwoven fabric layer having a thickness of 50 to 90 ⁇ m.
- the permeate side channel material is a tricot knitted fabric that has been subjected to resin reinforcement or fusion treatment after the formation of the knitted fabric.
- resin reinforcement or fusion treatment after the formation of the knitted fabric.
- the permeate-side channel material is wound in a direction in which a linearly continuous groove is along the circumferential direction.
- FIG. 3 is a partially cutaway perspective view showing an example of a spiral membrane element of the present invention. It is the microscope photograph of the permeation
- the spiral membrane element of the present invention includes a laminated body including a composite semipermeable membrane 2, a supply-side flow path material 6 and a permeation-side flow path material 3, and a hole around which the laminated body is wound.
- the center tube 5 and a sealing portion 21 that prevents mixing of the supply-side flow path and the permeation-side flow path are provided.
- the sealing part 21 for preventing mixing of the supply side flow path and the permeation side flow path is obtained by, for example, superimposing the composite semipermeable membrane 2 on both surfaces of the permeation side flow path material 3 and bonding the three sides.
- the sealing part 21 is formed on the sealing part 21 on the outer peripheral side edge, the upstream side edge, and the downstream side edge.
- the envelope film 4 is attached to the central tube 5 at its opening, and is wound spirally around the outer peripheral surface of the central tube 5 together with the net-like (net-like) supply-side flow path member 6 so that the wound body R becomes It is formed.
- An upstream end member 10 such as a seal carrier is provided on the upstream side of the wound body R, and a downstream end member 20 such as a telescope prevention member is provided on the downstream side as necessary.
- the supply liquid 7 is supplied from one end face side of the membrane element 1.
- the supplied supply liquid 7 flows along the supply-side flow path material 6 in a direction parallel to the axial direction A1 of the central tube 5 and is discharged as a concentrated liquid 9 from the other end face side of the membrane element 1.
- the permeated liquid 8 that has permeated through the composite semipermeable membrane 2 in the process of the supply liquid 7 flowing along the supply-side flow path material 6 is opened along the permeation-side flow path material 3 as shown by the broken line arrows in the figure. It flows into the center tube 5 from 5a and is discharged from the end of the center tube 5.
- the supply-side flow path member 6 generally has a role of ensuring a gap for uniformly supplying fluid to the membrane surface.
- a supply-side flow path member 6 for example, a net, a knitted fabric, a concavo-convex processed sheet or the like can be used, and a material having a maximum thickness of about 0.1 to 3 mm can be used as necessary.
- the pressure loss is low, and further, a material that causes an appropriate turbulent flow effect is preferable.
- the flow path material is installed on both surfaces of the separation membrane, different flow path materials are generally used as the supply side flow path material 6 on the supply liquid side and the permeate side flow path material 3 on the permeate side. It is.
- the supply-side channel material 6 uses a coarse and thick net-like channel material, while the permeate-side channel material 3 uses a fine woven or knitted channel material.
- the supply side channel material 6 is provided on the inner surface side of the bi-folded composite semipermeable membrane.
- a network structure in which linear objects are generally arranged in a lattice shape can be preferably used.
- the material to be constructed is not particularly limited, but polyethylene or polypropylene is used. These resins may contain bactericides and antibacterial agents.
- the thickness of the supply side channel material 6 is generally 0.2 to 2.0 mm, preferably 0.5 to 1.0 mm. If the thickness is too thick, the amount of permeation decreases with the amount of film that can be accommodated in the element. Conversely, if the thickness is too thin, contaminants tend to adhere, and the permeation performance is likely to deteriorate.
- the center tube 12 only needs to have an opening 12a around the tube, and any conventional tube can be used.
- any conventional tube can be used.
- the permeated water that has passed through the composite semipermeable membrane 2 enters the central tube 12 through the hole in the wall surface to form a permeated water flow path.
- the length of the central tube 12 is generally longer than the length in the axial direction of the element, but the central tube 12 having a connection structure such as being divided into a plurality of elements may be used.
- tube 12 A thermosetting resin or a thermoplastic resin is used.
- the spiral membrane element of the present invention may be trimmed at both ends of the wound body R after resin sealing in order to adjust the length in the axial direction A1. Further, a perforated end member for preventing deformation (such as a telescope), a sealing material, a reinforcing material, an exterior material, and the like can be provided as necessary.
- the thickness of the porous support of the composite semipermeable membrane having the separation functional layer on the surface of the porous support is 80 to 100 ⁇ m
- the permeate-side channel material is formed of a tricot knitted fabric, and the width of a linearly continuous groove is 0.05 to 0.40 mm.
- the composite semipermeable membrane and the permeation side channel material will be described in detail.
- the permeate-side channel material is provided on the outer surface side of the bi-folded composite semipermeable membrane. This permeation side channel material is required to support the pressure applied to the membrane from the back side of the membrane and secure a permeate channel.
- the permeate-side flow path material is formed of a tricot knitted fabric as shown in FIG. 2, and is a tricot knitted fabric that has been subjected to resin reinforcement or fusion treatment after the knitted fabric is formed. Is preferred.
- constituent thread of the permeate side channel material examples include polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate, and polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene. Of these, polyethylene terephthalate is particularly preferably used from the viewpoint of processability and productivity.
- resin reinforcement is performed after the formation of the knitted fabric, there are a method of impregnating the resin in the fiber and curing it, or a method of coating the resin on the fiber surface and curing.
- the resin used for reinforcement include melamine resin and epoxy resin.
- the constituent yarn of the permeate-side channel material may be a monofilament or a multifilament, but a tricot knitted fabric is formed by the constituent yarn of a certain thickness.
- a tricot knitted fabric is formed by the constituent yarn of a certain thickness.
- cord knitted fabrics having a clear linear groove structure are preferable.
- the thickness of the permeate side channel material is preferably 0.10 to 0.40 mm, more preferably 0.15 to 0.35 mm, and still more preferably 0.20 to 0.30 mm.
- the thickness is less than 0.10 mm, there is a problem that it is difficult to secure a sufficient flow path and the pressure loss of the permeate increases.
- the thickness exceeds 0.40 mm, the effective membrane area of the composite semipermeable membrane in the membrane element becomes small, and there arises a problem that the flow rate of the permeate decreases.
- the constituent yarn of the permeate-side channel material is preferably 0.1 to 0.15 mm in order to form a tricot knitted fabric having the above thickness.
- the width of the linearly continuous groove in the tricot knitted fabric is 0.05 to 0.40 mm, preferably 0.10 to 0.28 mm, and more preferably 0.15 to 0.25 mm.
- the groove width is less than 0.05 mm, there is a problem that the pressure loss of the permeate becomes too large.
- the groove width exceeds 0.40 mm the rejection rate is lowered due to deformation of the composite semipermeable membrane. It becomes easy.
- the width of the linearly continuous groove in the tricot knitted fabric refers to the average value of the widest portion and the narrowest portion between adjacent loops.
- the average value is measured for 10 loop pairs from the microscope photograph, and the average values of the 10 loops are further averaged to obtain the width of the continuous groove.
- the direction in which the permeate-side channel material is arranged in the membrane element may be any, but it is preferable that the direction of the linearly continuous groove is wound in a direction along the circumferential direction.
- the composite semipermeable membrane in the present invention has a separation functional layer on the surface of a porous support, and the porous support preferably has a polymer porous layer on one side of a nonwoven fabric layer.
- the composite semipermeable membrane has a thickness of about 80 to 105 ⁇ m, preferably 85 to 100 ⁇ m.
- Such composite semipermeable membranes are called RO (reverse osmosis) membranes, NF (nanofiltration) membranes, and FO (forward osmosis) membranes depending on their filtration performance and treatment method, and they are used for ultrapure water production and seawater desalination. It can be used for desalination of brine, reuse of waste water, etc.
- the separation function layer examples include polyamide, cellulose, polyether, and silicon separation function layers, and those having a polyamide separation function layer are preferable.
- the polyamide-based separation functional layer is generally a homogeneous membrane having no visible pores and has a desired ion separation ability.
- the separation functional layer is not particularly limited as long as it is a polyamide-based thin film that is difficult to peel off from the polymer porous layer.
- a polyfunctional amine component and a polyfunctional acid halide component are formed on the porous support membrane.
- a polyamide-based separation functional layer obtained by interfacial polymerization is well known.
- Such a polyamide-based separation functional layer is known to have a pleated microstructure, and the thickness of this layer is not particularly limited, but is about 0.05 to 2 ⁇ m, preferably 0.1 to 1 ⁇ m. It is known that if this layer is too thin, film surface defects are likely to occur, and if it is too thick, the transmission performance deteriorates.
- the method for forming the polyamide-based separation functional layer on the surface of the polymer porous layer is not particularly limited, and any known method can be used. Examples of the method include an interfacial polymerization method, a phase separation method, and a thin film coating method. In the present invention, the interfacial polymerization method is particularly preferably used. In the interfacial polymerization method, for example, the polymer porous layer is coated with a polyfunctional amine component-containing amine aqueous solution, and then an organic solution containing a polyfunctional acid halide component is brought into contact with the amine aqueous solution-coated surface to cause interfacial polymerization. This is a method for forming a skin layer.
- a removal method a method of inclining a target film, a method of blowing off a gas, a rubber, For example, a method of scraping off a blade by contacting the blade is preferably used.
- the time required for the aqueous amine solution and the organic solution to contact is approximately 1 to 120 seconds, although it depends on the composition of the aqueous amine solution, the viscosity, and the pore diameter of the surface of the porous support membrane. Is about 2 to 40 seconds. If the interval is too long, the aqueous amine solution may permeate and diffuse deep inside the porous support membrane, and a large amount of unreacted polyfunctional amine component may remain in the porous support membrane, resulting in problems. . When the application interval of the solution is too short, an excessive amine aqueous solution remains, so that the film performance tends to be lowered.
- the heating temperature is more preferably 70 to 200 ° C., particularly preferably 80 to 130 ° C.
- the heating time is preferably about 30 seconds to 10 minutes, more preferably about 40 seconds to 7 minutes.
- the polyfunctional amine component contained in the amine aqueous solution is a polyfunctional amine having two or more reactive amino groups, and examples thereof include aromatic, aliphatic, and alicyclic polyfunctional amines.
- the aromatic polyfunctional amine include m-phenylenediamine, p-phenylenediamine, o-phenylenediamine, 1,3,5-triaminobenzene, 1,2,4-triaminobenzene, 3,5- Examples thereof include diaminobenzoic acid, 2,4-diaminotoluene, 2,6-diaminotoluene, N, N′-dimethyl-m-phenylenediamine, 2,4-diaminoanisole, amidol, xylylenediamine and the like.
- Examples of the aliphatic polyfunctional amine include ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, tris (2-aminoethyl) amine, and n-phenyl-ethylenediamine.
- Examples of the alicyclic polyfunctional amine include 1,3-diaminocyclohexane, 1,2-diaminocyclohexane, 1,4-diaminocyclohexane, piperazine, 2,5-dimethylpiperazine, 4-aminomethylpiperazine and the like. It is done. These polyfunctional amines may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- m-phenylenediamine when a high rejection is required for reverse osmosis membrane performance, it is preferable to use m-phenylenediamine as a main component, which can provide a highly dense separation function layer, and high flux retention in NF membrane performance.
- piperazine when determining the rate, it is preferable to use piperazine as the main component.
- the polyfunctional acid halide component contained in the organic solution is a polyfunctional acid halide having two or more reactive carbonyl groups, and examples thereof include aromatic, aliphatic, and alicyclic polyfunctional acid halides.
- aromatic polyfunctional acid halide include trimesic acid trichloride, terephthalic acid dichloride, isophthalic acid dichloride, biphenyldicarboxylic acid dichloride, naphthalene dicarboxylic acid dichloride, benzenetrisulfonic acid trichloride, benzenedisulfonic acid dichloride, and chlorosulfonylbenzene.
- dicarboxylic acid dichloride dicarboxylic acid dichloride.
- Examples of the aliphatic polyfunctional acid halide include propanedicarboxylic acid dichloride, butanedicarboxylic acid dichloride, pentanedicarboxylic acid dichloride, propanetricarboxylic acid trichloride, butanetricarboxylic acid trichloride, pentanetricarboxylic acid trichloride, glutaryl halide, azide. Poil halide etc. are mentioned.
- Examples of the alicyclic polyfunctional acid halide include cyclopropane tricarboxylic acid trichloride, cyclobutane tetracarboxylic acid tetrachloride, cyclopentane tricarboxylic acid trichloride, cyclopentane tetracarboxylic acid tetrachloride, cyclohexane tricarboxylic acid trichloride, and tetrahydro Examples include furantetracarboxylic acid tetrachloride, cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid dichloride, cyclobutanedicarboxylic acid dichloride, cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid dichloride, and tetrahydrofurandicarboxylic acid dichloride.
- polyfunctional acid halides may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- an aromatic polyfunctional acid halide it is preferable to use an aromatic polyfunctional acid halide.
- the concentration of the polyfunctional amine component in the aqueous amine solution is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.1 to 7% by weight, more preferably 1 to 5% by weight. If the concentration of the polyfunctional amine component is too low, defects are likely to occur in the skin layer, and the salt blocking performance tends to be reduced. On the other hand, when the concentration of the polyfunctional amine component is too high, it becomes too thick and the permeation flux tends to decrease.
- the concentration of the polyfunctional acid halide component in the organic solution is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.01 to 5% by weight, more preferably 0.05 to 3% by weight. If the concentration of the polyfunctional acid halide component is too low, the unreacted polyfunctional amine component is increased, and defects are likely to occur in the skin layer. On the other hand, if the concentration of the polyfunctional acid halide component is too high, the amount of unreacted polyfunctional acid halide component increases, so that the skin layer becomes too thick and the permeation flux tends to decrease.
- the organic solvent containing the polyfunctional acid halide is not particularly limited as long as it has low solubility in water and does not deteriorate the porous support membrane, and can dissolve the polyfunctional acid halide component.
- cyclohexane examples thereof include saturated hydrocarbons such as heptane, octane and nonane, and halogen-substituted hydrocarbons such as 1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane.
- Preferred is a saturated hydrocarbon having a boiling point of 300 ° C. or lower, more preferably a boiling point of 200 ° C. or lower.
- the additive may add the additive for the purpose of the improvement of various performance and a handleability to the said amine aqueous solution and organic solution.
- the additive include polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone and polyacrylic acid, polyhydric alcohols such as sorbitol and glycerin, and surfactants such as sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, sodium dodecylsulfate, and sodium laurylsulfate.
- Basic compounds such as sodium hydroxide, trisodium phosphate and triethylamine for removing hydrogen halide produced by polymerization, acylation catalysts, and solubility parameters described in JP-A-8-224452 are 8 to 14 (cal / Cm 3 ) 1/2 compound and the like.
- a coating layer composed of various polymer components may be provided on the exposed surface of the separation functional layer.
- the polymer component is not particularly limited as long as it does not dissolve the separation functional layer and the porous support membrane and does not elute during the water treatment operation.
- polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, hydroxypropyl cellulose, polyethylene And glycols and saponified polyethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers may be provided on the exposed surface of the separation functional layer.
- the polymer component is not particularly limited as long as it does not dissolve the separation functional layer and the porous support membrane and does not elute during the water treatment operation.
- polyvinyl alcohol polyvinyl pyrrolidone
- hydroxypropyl cellulose polyethylene And glycols
- saponified polyethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers saponified polyethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers.
- polyvinyl alcohol in particular, by using polyvinyl alcohol having a saponification degree of 99% or more, or by crosslinking polyvinyl alcohol having a saponification degree of 90% or more with the polyamide-based resin of the skin layer, It is preferable to use a structure that does not easily dissolve during water treatment.
- the charge state of the film surface is adjusted and hydrophilicity is imparted, so that the adhesion of contaminants can be suppressed, and further, the flux retention effect is achieved by a synergistic effect with the present invention. Can be further enhanced.
- the nonwoven fabric layer used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it imparts appropriate mechanical strength while maintaining the separation performance and permeation performance of the composite semipermeable membrane, and a commercially available nonwoven fabric is used. be able to.
- a material made of polyolefin, polyester, cellulose or the like is used, and a material in which a plurality of materials are mixed can also be used.
- polyester in terms of moldability.
- a long fiber nonwoven fabric or a short fiber nonwoven fabric can be used as appropriate, but a long fiber nonwoven fabric can be preferably used from the viewpoint of fine fuzz that causes pinhole defects and uniformity of the film surface.
- the air permeability of the nonwoven fabric layer at this time is not limited to this, but it can be about 0.5 to 10 cm 3 / cm 2 ⁇ s, and 1 to 5 cm 3 / s. Those having a size of about cm 2 ⁇ s are preferably used.
- the thickness of the nonwoven fabric layer is preferably 90 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 80 ⁇ m or less, and particularly preferably 70 ⁇ m or less. If this thickness is too thick, the permeation resistance becomes too high and the flux tends to decrease. On the other hand, if it is too thin, the mechanical strength as a composite semipermeable membrane support will decrease, making it difficult to obtain a stable composite semipermeable membrane. Therefore, 50 ⁇ m or more is preferable, and 55 ⁇ m or more is more preferable.
- the polymer porous layer is not particularly limited as long as it can form the polyamide-based separation functional layer, but is usually a microporous layer having a pore diameter of about 0.01 to 0.4 ⁇ m.
- the material for forming the microporous layer may include various materials such as polysulfone, polyarylethersulfone exemplified by polyethersulfone, polyimide, and polyvinylidene fluoride.
- the thickness of the polymer porous layer is preferably 35 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 32 ⁇ m or less. It has been found that if it is too thick, the flux retention after pressurization tends to decrease. Furthermore, it is particularly preferably 29 ⁇ m or less, and most preferably 26 ⁇ m or less. By forming the thin film to this extent, the stability of the flux retention rate can be further increased. Moreover, since it will become easy to produce a defect when it is too thin, 10 micrometers or more are preferable and 15 micrometers or more are more preferable.
- the polymer porous layer can be produced by a method generally called a wet method or a dry wet method.
- a solution preparation step in which polysulfone, a solvent and various additives are dissolved
- a coating step in which the nonwoven fabric is coated with the solution
- a drying step in which the solvent in the solution is evaporated to cause microphase separation, a water bath, etc.
- the polymer porous layer on the nonwoven fabric can be formed through an immobilization step of immobilization by dipping in a coagulation bath.
- the thickness of the polymer porous layer can be set by adjusting the solution concentration and the coating amount after calculating the ratio of impregnation into the nonwoven fabric layer.
- the spiral membrane element of the present invention can be used for applications such as seawater desalination and wastewater treatment. However, in recent years, in order to reduce power consumption during operation, it is a composite that can obtain a sufficient permeation flux even at a lower pressure than before. Semipermeable membranes have been developed. In an application using such a composite semipermeable membrane, for example, 0.3 to 3.0 MPa is set as the differential pressure (operating pressure) between the supply side and the permeation side of the membrane, and preferably 0.5 to 1.5 MPa. Is set.
- the spiral membrane element of the present invention can cope with the reduction of the thickness of the porous support by using a permeate-side flow path material having a higher density than before even when operating at such a low pressure. It is.
- the thickness was measured using a commercially available thickness measuring instrument (Ozaki Mfg. Co., Ltd .: Dial Thickness Gauge G-7C).
- the thickness of the nonwoven fabric layer is measured in advance, and the thickness of the entire composite semipermeable membrane support is formed with the polymer porous layer formed on the nonwoven fabric layer.
- the difference between the thickness of the composite semipermeable membrane support and the thickness of the non-woven fabric was determined to obtain the thickness of the polymer porous layer.
- an average value of arbitrary ten points measured values on the same film surface was used.
- Permeation flux and rejection The produced flat membrane-shaped composite semipermeable membrane is cut into a predetermined shape and size, and is set in a cell for flat membrane evaluation together with various permeation side flow path materials.
- An aqueous solution containing 2000 mg / L MgSO 4 and adjusted to pH 6.5 is brought into contact with the membrane at 25 ° C. by applying a differential pressure of 1.5 MPa to the supply side and the permeation side of the membrane.
- the permeation rate and conductivity after 30 minutes obtained by this operation were measured, and the permeation flux (m 3 / m 2 ⁇ d) and the MgSO 4 rejection (%) were calculated.
- MgSO 4 rejection was calculated in advance using the correlation (calibration curve) between the MgSO 4 concentration and aqueous solution conductivity in advance.
- MgSO 4 rejection (%) ⁇ 1- / ( MgSO 4 concentration in the feed solution) (MgSO 4 concentration in the permeate) ⁇ ⁇ 100
- transmission side flow path material was arrange
- Production Example 1 Production of composite semipermeable membrane
- a commercially available non-woven fabric made of polyester for water treatment membrane support width: approx. 1 m
- a mixed solution of polysulfone and dimethylformamide polymer concentration 18.35% by weight
- a long porous support thickness: 90 ⁇ m
- a polymer porous layer having a thickness of 25 ⁇ m was formed was prepared by coagulation treatment in 35 ° C. water.
- the surface of the porous polymer layer was brought into contact with a solution A in which 3.6% by weight of piperazine hexahydrate and 0.15% by weight of sodium lauryl sulfate were mixed.
- Solution A was removed to form a coating layer of solution A.
- a solution B containing 0.4% by weight of trimesic acid chloride in a hexane solvent was brought into contact with the surface of the solution A coating layer.
- the separation functional layer was formed by drying in an environment of 120 ° C. to obtain a long composite semipermeable membrane.
- Production Example 2 (Production of composite semipermeable membrane)
- a non-woven fabric having a thickness of 90 ⁇ m was used to form a polymer porous layer having a thickness of 40 ⁇ m, and a porous support having a thickness of 130 ⁇ m was obtained.
- a composite semipermeable membrane was prepared.
- Table 1 shows the results of the above examples and comparative examples.
- the magnesium sulfate rejection is 99.7. % Or more.
- the permeation flux was 2.45 (m 3 / m 2 ⁇ d) or more.
- the blocking rate of magnesium sulfate was lowered in Comparative Examples 1 to 4 using the permeation side channel material having a groove width exceeding 0.40 mm.
- Example 5 In Example 1, in place of the composite semipermeable membrane obtained in Production Example 1, the composite semipermeable membrane obtained in Production Example 2 (porous support thickness 130 ⁇ m) was used. The permeation flux and rejection were evaluated under exactly the same conditions. As a result, the permeation flux was 2.42 (m 3 / m 2 ⁇ d) and the rejection rate was 99.74%, which was not changed compared to Example 1, but the composite semipermeable membrane was added to the spiral membrane element. Since the effective membrane area at the time of filling is reduced by 16% compared to Example 1, the flow rate of the membrane element is lowered, which is not desirable.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
透過側流路材は、海水淡水化や排水処理等の用途において、RO膜やNF膜を用いる場合に、前記の二つ折りにした複合半透膜の外面側に設けられる。この透過側流路材には膜にかかる圧力を膜背面から支えるとともに、透過液の流路を確保することが求められる。
本発明における複合半透膜は、多孔性支持体の表面に分離機能層を有するものであり、多孔性支持体としては、不織布層の片面にポリマー多孔質層を有するものが好ましい。前記複合半透膜の厚さは80~105μm程度であり、85~100μmが好ましい。
本発明のスパイラル型膜エレメントは、海水淡水化や排水処理等の用途に使用できるが、近年、運転時の消費電力を低減する目的で、従来より低い圧力でも十分な透過流束が得られる複合半透膜が開発されている。このような複合半透膜を用いた用途では、膜の供給側と透過側の差圧(運転圧力)として、例えば0.3~3.0MPaが設定され、好ましくは0.5~1.5MPaが設定される。本発明のスパイラル型膜エレメントは、このような低圧で運転を行なう場合にも、従来より高密度の透過側流路材を用いることで、多孔性支持体の薄型化に対応できるようにしたものである。
厚さ測定は市販の厚さ測定器((株)尾崎製作所製:ダイヤルシックネスゲージ G-7C)を用いて測定を行った。不織布層とポリマー多孔質層の厚さ測定については、あらかじめ不織布層の厚さを測定しておき、その不織布層上にポリマー多孔質層を形成した状態で複合半透膜支持体全体の厚さを測定した。その後、複合半透膜支持体の厚さと不織布の厚さの差を求め、ポリマー多孔質層の厚さとした。各厚さ測定では同一膜面における任意十点測定値の平均値を用いた。
透過側流路材のマイクロスコープ写真において、スケールを基準として任意十点で溝幅及び糸径を測定し、その測定値の平均値を用いた。
作製した平膜状の複合半透膜を所定の形状、サイズに切断し、各種の透過側流路材と共に平膜評価用のセルにセットする。2000mg/LのMgSO4を含みかつpH6.5に調整した水溶液を25℃で膜の供給側と透過側に1.5MPaの差圧を与えて膜に接触させる。この操作によって得られた30分経過後の透過水の透過速度および電導度を測定し、透過流束(m3/m2・d)およびMgSO4阻止率(%)を算出した。MgSO4阻止率は、MgSO4濃度と水溶液電導度の相関(検量線)を事前に作成し、それらを用いて下式により算出した。
MgSO4阻止率(%)={1-(透過液中のMgSO4濃度)/(供給液中のMgSO4濃度)}×100
なお、透過側流路材は、直線状に連続する溝の形成面が、複合半透膜の多孔性支持体に接するように配置した。
厚さ65μmの市販の水処理膜支持体用ポリエステル製不織布(幅約1m)を搬送しつつ、その表面に、ポリスルホンとジメチルホルムアミドの混合溶液(ポリマー濃度18.35重量%)を連続的に塗布し、35℃の水中で凝固処理することで、厚さ25μmのポリマー多孔質層を形成した、長尺の多孔性支持体(厚み90μm)を作製した。
製造例1において、厚さ90μmの不織布を用いて厚さ40μmのポリマー多孔質層を形成し、厚み130μmの多孔性支持体を得たこと以外は、製造例1と全く同じ条件で、長尺の複合半透膜を作製した。
表1及び図2に示す透過側流路材A~Eと、製造例1で得られた複合半透膜とを使用して、前述した方法で透過流束及び阻止率を評価した。その結果を併せて表1に示す。また、これらの結果をグラフにしたものを、図3及び図4に示す。
表1及び図2に示す透過側流路材F~Iと、製造例1で得られた複合半透膜とを使用して、前述した方法で透過流束及び阻止率を評価した。その結果を併せて表1に示す。また、これらの結果をグラフにしたものを、図3及び図4に示す。
透過側流路材A~Iと、製造例1で得られた複合半透膜とを使用して、前述した方法において、透過側流路材の直線状に連続する溝の非形成面が、複合半透膜の多孔性支持体に接するように配置して、同様に阻止率を評価した。その結果、いずれの透過側流路材を用いた場合でも阻止率が99.7%以上であり、阻止率の低下は観測されなかった。
実施例1において、製造例1で得られた複合半透膜の代わりに、製造例2で得られた複合半透膜(多孔性支持体の厚み130μm)を使用すること以外は、実施例1と全く同じ条件で透過流束及び阻止率を評価した。その結果、透過流束が2.42(m3/m2・d)、阻止率が99.74%となり、実施例1と比較して変化しないものの、スパイラル型膜エレメントに複合半透膜を充填した際の有効膜面積が、実施例1と比較して16%減少するため、膜エレメントの流量が低下するため望ましくない。
3 透過側流路材
4 封筒状膜
5 中心管
6 供給側流路材
7 供給水
8 透過水
9 濃縮水
21 封止部
Claims (5)
- 多孔性支持体の表面に分離機能層を有する複合半透膜、供給側流路材及び透過側流路材を含む積層体と、その積層体を巻回した有孔の中心管と、供給側流路と透過側流路との混合を防止する封止部とを備えるスパイラル型膜エレメントにおいて、
前記複合半透膜の多孔性支持体の厚みは、80~100μmであり、
前記透過側流路材は、トリコット編物により形成され、直線状に連続する溝の幅が0.05~0.40mmであることを特徴とするスパイラル型膜エレメント。 - 前記透過側流路材の厚みは、0.10~0.40mmである請求項1記載のスパイラル型膜エレメント。
- 前記多孔性支持体は、厚み50~90μmの不織布層の片面に、厚み10~35μmのポリマー多孔質層を有するものである請求項1又は2記載のスパイラル型膜エレメント。
- 前記透過側流路材は、編物形成後に樹脂補強又は融着処理されたトリコット編物である請求項1~3いずれかに記載のスパイラル型膜エレメント。
- 前記透過側流路材は、直線状に連続する溝の方向が周方向に沿った方向で巻回されている請求項1~4のいずれかに記載のスパイラル型膜エレメント。
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020177001328A KR102385484B1 (ko) | 2014-09-25 | 2015-09-24 | 스파이럴형 막 엘리먼트 |
EP15843980.2A EP3199225B1 (en) | 2014-09-25 | 2015-09-24 | Spiral membrane element |
CN201580047468.9A CN106687201B (zh) | 2014-09-25 | 2015-09-24 | 螺旋型膜元件 |
US15/512,960 US10918996B2 (en) | 2014-09-25 | 2015-09-24 | Spiral membrane element |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2014195000A JP6645729B2 (ja) | 2014-09-25 | 2014-09-25 | スパイラル型膜エレメント |
JP2014-195000 | 2014-09-25 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2016047696A1 true WO2016047696A1 (ja) | 2016-03-31 |
Family
ID=55581218
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2015/076955 WO2016047696A1 (ja) | 2014-09-25 | 2015-09-24 | スパイラル型膜エレメント |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10918996B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP3199225B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6645729B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR102385484B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN106687201B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2016047696A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NO20170560A1 (en) * | 2017-04-05 | 2018-10-08 | Nilsen Tom Nils | TFC membranes and a process for the preparation of such membranes |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP7037306B2 (ja) * | 2016-09-16 | 2022-03-16 | 日東電工株式会社 | スパイラル型膜エレメント |
US11707717B2 (en) | 2018-07-27 | 2023-07-25 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Separator leaf, and spiral wound module and device comprising same |
GB201912458D0 (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2019-10-16 | Fujifilm Mfg Europe Bv | Gas seperations elements and modules |
JP7072112B1 (ja) * | 2021-11-05 | 2022-05-19 | 日東電工株式会社 | 複合半透膜、スパイラル型膜エレメント、水処理システム及び水処理方法 |
WO2023246740A1 (zh) * | 2022-06-21 | 2023-12-28 | 杭州苏博瑞驰科技有限公司 | 短流道膜元件及滤芯 |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6019001A (ja) * | 1983-07-14 | 1985-01-31 | Toray Ind Inc | 液体分離装置用流路材及びその製造方法 |
JPS6257609A (ja) * | 1985-09-09 | 1987-03-13 | Hitachi Ltd | スパイラル型膜エレメント |
JPH09276671A (ja) * | 1996-04-11 | 1997-10-28 | Toray Ind Inc | 液体分離素子、装置および処理方法 |
JP2007167783A (ja) * | 2005-12-22 | 2007-07-05 | Nitto Denko Corp | スパイラル型分離膜エレメント |
WO2013047398A1 (ja) * | 2011-09-29 | 2013-04-04 | 東レ株式会社 | 複合半透膜 |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH10137558A (ja) * | 1996-11-11 | 1998-05-26 | Nitto Denko Corp | スパイラル型分離膜エレメントおよびその製造方法 |
JP5200535B2 (ja) | 2005-12-16 | 2013-06-05 | 東レ株式会社 | 複合半透膜、その製造方法 |
JP5186921B2 (ja) * | 2006-03-31 | 2013-04-24 | 東レ株式会社 | 液体分離素子、流路材およびその製造方法 |
TW201235079A (en) * | 2010-12-28 | 2012-09-01 | Toray Industries | Separation membrane element |
CN103338846B (zh) | 2011-01-31 | 2015-07-29 | 东丽株式会社 | 水处理用分离膜及其制造方法 |
TW201247297A (en) | 2011-03-29 | 2012-12-01 | Toray Industries | Spiral type separation membrane element and method for producing the same |
JP6056479B2 (ja) | 2011-12-02 | 2017-01-11 | 東レ株式会社 | 分離膜エレメントおよび分離膜エレメントの製造方法 |
-
2014
- 2014-09-25 JP JP2014195000A patent/JP6645729B2/ja active Active
-
2015
- 2015-09-24 KR KR1020177001328A patent/KR102385484B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2015-09-24 WO PCT/JP2015/076955 patent/WO2016047696A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2015-09-24 CN CN201580047468.9A patent/CN106687201B/zh active Active
- 2015-09-24 EP EP15843980.2A patent/EP3199225B1/en active Active
- 2015-09-24 US US15/512,960 patent/US10918996B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6019001A (ja) * | 1983-07-14 | 1985-01-31 | Toray Ind Inc | 液体分離装置用流路材及びその製造方法 |
JPS6257609A (ja) * | 1985-09-09 | 1987-03-13 | Hitachi Ltd | スパイラル型膜エレメント |
JPH09276671A (ja) * | 1996-04-11 | 1997-10-28 | Toray Ind Inc | 液体分離素子、装置および処理方法 |
JP2007167783A (ja) * | 2005-12-22 | 2007-07-05 | Nitto Denko Corp | スパイラル型分離膜エレメント |
WO2013047398A1 (ja) * | 2011-09-29 | 2013-04-04 | 東レ株式会社 | 複合半透膜 |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NO20170560A1 (en) * | 2017-04-05 | 2018-10-08 | Nilsen Tom Nils | TFC membranes and a process for the preparation of such membranes |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20170304775A1 (en) | 2017-10-26 |
KR102385484B1 (ko) | 2022-04-11 |
CN106687201B (zh) | 2020-04-24 |
EP3199225B1 (en) | 2022-07-27 |
CN106687201A (zh) | 2017-05-17 |
JP6645729B2 (ja) | 2020-02-14 |
US10918996B2 (en) | 2021-02-16 |
EP3199225A1 (en) | 2017-08-02 |
EP3199225A4 (en) | 2018-06-27 |
KR20170058911A (ko) | 2017-05-29 |
JP2016064363A (ja) | 2016-04-28 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP6305729B2 (ja) | 複合半透膜 | |
JP7089352B2 (ja) | スパイラル型膜エレメント | |
WO2016047696A1 (ja) | スパイラル型膜エレメント | |
JP6522185B2 (ja) | 複合半透膜 | |
WO2017115653A1 (ja) | スパイラル型膜エレメント | |
JP2016068019A (ja) | 複合半透膜及びその製造方法、スパイラル型分離膜エレメント | |
WO2015118913A1 (ja) | スパイラル型分離膜エレメント | |
WO2016035681A1 (ja) | 複合半透膜、分離膜エレメント、及びその製造方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 15843980 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 20177001328 Country of ref document: KR Kind code of ref document: A |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 15512960 Country of ref document: US |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
REEP | Request for entry into the european phase |
Ref document number: 2015843980 Country of ref document: EP |