JP2016064363A - スパイラル型膜エレメント - Google Patents
スパイラル型膜エレメント Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2016064363A JP2016064363A JP2014195000A JP2014195000A JP2016064363A JP 2016064363 A JP2016064363 A JP 2016064363A JP 2014195000 A JP2014195000 A JP 2014195000A JP 2014195000 A JP2014195000 A JP 2014195000A JP 2016064363 A JP2016064363 A JP 2016064363A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- composite semipermeable
- permeation
- membrane
- thickness
- semipermeable membrane
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 24
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- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 claims description 15
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- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/10—Spiral-wound membrane modules
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/10—Spiral-wound membrane modules
- B01D63/101—Spiral winding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/10—Spiral-wound membrane modules
- B01D63/103—Details relating to membrane envelopes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract
Description
透過側流路材は、海水淡水化や排水処理等の用途において、RO膜やNF膜を用いる場合に、前記の二つ折りにした複合半透膜の外面側に設けられる。この透過側流路材には膜にかかる圧力を膜背面から支えるとともに、透過液の流路を確保することが求められる。
本発明における複合半透膜は、多孔性支持体の表面に分離機能層を有するものであり、多孔性支持体としては、不織布層の片面にポリマー多孔質層を有するものが好ましい。前記複合半透膜の厚さは80〜105μm程度であり、85〜100μmが好ましい。
本発明のスパイラル型膜エレメントは、海水淡水化や排水処理等の用途に使用できるが、近年、運転時の消費電力を低減する目的で、従来より低い圧力でも十分な透過流束が得られる複合半透膜が開発されている。このような複合半透膜を用いた用途では、膜の供給側と透過側の差圧(運転圧力)として、例えば0.3〜3.0MPaが設定され、好ましくは0.5〜1.5MPaが設定される。本発明のスパイラル型膜エレメントは、このような低圧で運転を行なう場合にも、従来より高密度の透過側流路材を用いることで、多孔性支持体の薄型化に対応できるようにしたものである。
厚さ測定は市販の厚さ測定器((株)尾崎製作所製:ダイヤルシックネスゲージ G−7C)を用いて測定を行った。不織布層とポリマー多孔質層の厚さ測定については、あらかじめ不織布層の厚さを測定しておき、その不織布層上にポリマー多孔質層を形成した状態で複合半透膜支持体全体の厚さを測定した。その後、複合半透膜支持体の厚さと不織布の厚さの差を求め、ポリマー多孔質層の厚さとした。各厚さ測定では同一膜面における任意十点測定値の平均値を用いた。
透過側流路材のマイクロスコープ写真において、スケールを基準として任意十点で溝幅及び糸径を測定し、その測定値の平均値を用いた。
作製した平膜状の複合半透膜を所定の形状、サイズに切断し、各種の透過側流路材と共に平膜評価用のセルにセットする。2000mg/LのMgSO4を含みかつpH6.5に調整した水溶液を25℃で膜の供給側と透過側に1.5MPaの差圧を与えて膜に接触させる。この操作によって得られた30分経過後の透過水の透過速度および電導度を測定し、透過流束(m3/m2・d)およびMgSO4阻止率(%)を算出した。MgSO4阻止率は、MgSO4濃度と水溶液電導度の相関(検量線)を事前に作成し、それらを用いて下式により算出した。
MgSO4阻止率(%)={1−(透過液中のMgSO4濃度)/(供給液中のMgSO4濃度)}×100
なお、透過側流路材は、直線状に連続する溝の形成面が、複合半透膜の多孔性支持体に接するように配置した。
厚さ65μmの市販の水処理膜支持体用ポリエステル製不織布(幅約1m)を搬送しつつ、その表面に、ポリスルホンとジメチルホルムアミドの混合溶液(ポリマー濃度18.35重量%)を連続的に塗布し、35℃の水中で凝固処理することで、厚さ25μmのポリマー多孔質層を形成した、長尺の多孔性支持体(厚み90μm)を作製した。
製造例1において、厚さ90μmの不織布を用いて厚さ40μmのポリマー多孔質層を形成し、厚み130μmの多孔性支持体を得たこと以外は、製造例1と全く同じ条件で、長尺の複合半透膜を作製した。
表1及び図2に示す透過側流路材A〜Eと、製造例1で得られた複合半透膜とを使用して、前述した方法で透過流束及び阻止率を評価した。その結果を併せて表1に示す。また、これらの結果をグラフにしたものを、図3及び図4に示す。
表1及び図2に示す透過側流路材F〜Iと、製造例1で得られた複合半透膜とを使用して、前述した方法で透過流束及び阻止率を評価した。その結果を併せて表1に示す。また、これらの結果をグラフにしたものを、図3及び図4に示す。
透過側流路材A〜Iと、製造例1で得られた複合半透膜とを使用して、前述した方法において、透過側流路材の直線状に連続する溝の非形成面が、複合半透膜の多孔性支持体に接するように配置して、同様に阻止率を評価した。その結果、いずれの透過側流路材を用いた場合でも阻止率が99.7%以上であり、阻止率の低下は観測されなかった。
実施例1において、製造例1で得られた複合半透膜の代わりに、製造例2で得られた複合半透膜(多孔性支持体の厚み130μm)を使用すること以外は、実施例1と全く同じ条件で透過流束及び阻止率を評価した。その結果、透過流束が2.42(m3/m2・d)、阻止率が99.74%となり、実施例1と比較して変化しないものの、スパイラル型膜エレメントに複合半透膜を充填した際の有効膜面積が、実施例1と比較して16%減少するため、膜エレメントの流量が低下するため望ましくない。
3 透過側流路材
4 封筒状膜
5 中心管
6 供給側流路材
7 供給水
8 透過水
9 濃縮水
21 封止部
Claims (5)
- 多孔性支持体の表面に分離機能層を有する複合半透膜、供給側流路材及び透過側流路材を含む積層体と、その積層体を巻回した有孔の中心管と、供給側流路と透過側流路との混合を防止する封止部とを備えるスパイラル型膜エレメントにおいて、
前記複合半透膜の多孔性支持体の厚みは、80〜100μmであり、
前記透過側流路材は、トリコット編物により形成され、直線状に連続する溝の幅が0.05〜0.40mmであることを特徴とするスパイラル型膜エレメント。 - 前記透過側流路材の厚みは、0.10〜0.40mmである請求項1記載のスパイラル型膜エレメント。
- 前記多孔性支持体は、厚み50〜90μmの不織布層の片面に、厚み10〜35μmのポリマー多孔質層を有するものである請求項1又は2記載のスパイラル型膜エレメント。
- 前記透過側流路材は、編物形成後に樹脂補強又は融着処理されたトリコット編物である請求項1〜3いずれかに記載のスパイラル型膜エレメント。
- 前記透過側流路材は、直線状に連続する溝の方向が周方向に沿った方向で巻回されている請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載のスパイラル型膜エレメント。
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