JP2017115232A - 電極、膜電極複合体、電気化学セルおよびスタック - Google Patents
電極、膜電極複合体、電気化学セルおよびスタック Download PDFInfo
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims description 36
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 124
- HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Ir]=O HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
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- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 8
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
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- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 238000003411 electrode reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229920003935 Flemion® Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/0021—Reactive sputtering or evaporation
- C23C14/0036—Reactive sputtering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
- C25B11/075—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of a single catalytic element or catalytic compound
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/08—Oxides
- C23C14/083—Oxides of refractory metals or yttrium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/58—After-treatment
- C23C14/5806—Thermal treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
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- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/055—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the substrate or carrier material
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- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
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- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
- C25B11/091—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds
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- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
- C25B11/091—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds
- C25B11/093—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds at least one noble metal or noble metal oxide and at least one non-noble metal oxide
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- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/70—Assemblies comprising two or more cells
- C25B9/73—Assemblies comprising two or more cells of the filter-press type
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
Abstract
【解決手段】実施形態の電極は、基材と、前記基材上に設けられ多孔質構造を有する触媒層と、を備えた電極において、前記触媒層のCuのKα線を用いたX線回折測定によって得られるスペクトルの比率は、回折角20度以上70度以下の範囲内で、Ir酸化物に属する全ピーク高さの和をI0とし、IrO2(110)のピーク高さをI1とし、IrO2(211)のピーク高さをI2とすると、(I1+I2)/I0の比率が50%以上100%以下である電極。
【選択図】図2
Description
(PEEC標準カソード電極)
(PEECアノード電極作製 実施例1〜4、比較例)
上記PEEC標準カソード電極と各種PEECアノード電極から2cm×2cmの正方形の切片を切り取った。標準カソード電極、電解質膜(ナフィオン117(デュポン社製))と各種アノード電極をそれぞれ合わせて、熱圧着して接合することにより各種PEEC用MEAを得た(電極面積は約4cm2である、熱圧着条件:140℃〜300℃、圧力10〜200kg/cm2で、10秒〜5分間)。
得られたMEAを流路が設けられている二枚のセパレータの間にセッティングし、PEEC単セル(電気化学セル)を作製した。
1A:第1触媒層
1B:第1基材
2:第2の電極
2A:第2触媒層
2B:第2基材
3:電解質膜
10:膜電極複合体
20:電極
21:基材
22:触媒層
23:空隙
30:電気化学セル
31:第1の電極
31A:第1触媒層
31B:第1基材
32:第2の電極
32A:第2触媒層
32B:第2基材
33:電解質膜
34、35:ガスケット
36、37:集電板
38、39:締め付け板
38A、39A:流路
40:スタック
41:電気化学セル
42、43:締め付け板
Claims (9)
- 基材と、前記基材上に設けられ多孔質構造を有する触媒層と、を備えた電極において、
前記触媒層のCuのKα線を用いたX線回折測定によって得られるスペクトルの比率は、回折角20度以上70度以下の範囲内で、Ir酸化物に属する全ピーク高さの和をI0とし、IrO2(110)のピーク高さをI1とし、IrO2(211)のピーク高さをI2とすると、(I1+I2)/I0の比率が50%以上100%以下である電極。 - 前記スペクトルの比率は、Ir金属に属する全ピーク高さの和をI3とすると、
I3/I0の比率が0%以上5%以下である請求項1に記載の電極。 - 前記触媒層の結晶子サイズが、2nm以上15nm以下である請求項1又は2に記載の電極。
- 前記触媒層の空孔率が、50vol%以上95vol%以下である請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項に記載の電極。
- 前記触媒層の膜厚が、2nm以上500nm以下である請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項に記載の電極。
- 前記触媒層が、1層以上20層以下の積層構造である請求項1乃至5のいずれか1項に記載の電極。
- 請求項1乃至6のいずれか1項に記載の電極を含む膜電極複合体。
- 請求項7に記載の膜電極複合体を含む電気化学セル。
- 請求項8に記載の電気化学セルを含むスタック。
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JP2015255109A JP2017115232A (ja) | 2015-12-25 | 2015-12-25 | 電極、膜電極複合体、電気化学セルおよびスタック |
US15/262,310 US10214822B2 (en) | 2015-12-25 | 2016-09-12 | Electrode, membrane electrode assembly, electrochemical cell, and stack |
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Cited By (7)
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KR20190108540A (ko) * | 2019-09-11 | 2019-09-24 | 한국과학기술연구원 | 양성자 교환막 물 전해 장치용 막 전극 접합체 및 양성자 교환막 물 전해 장치용 막 전극 접합체의 제조 방법 |
JP2019167620A (ja) * | 2018-03-22 | 2019-10-03 | 株式会社東芝 | 触媒積層体、膜電極複合体、電気化学セル、スタック、水電解装置および水利用システム |
JP2019167619A (ja) * | 2018-03-22 | 2019-10-03 | 株式会社東芝 | 積層電解質膜、膜電極複合体、水電解用セル、スタック、水電解装置および水素利用システム |
US11329294B2 (en) | 2018-03-22 | 2022-05-10 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Laminated electrolyte membrane, membrane electrode assembly, water electrolysis cell, stack, water electrolyzer, and hydrogen utilizing system |
US11326264B2 (en) | 2017-09-06 | 2022-05-10 | Korea Institute Of Science And Technology | Membrane electrode assembly for proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer and method of preparing membrane electrode assembly for proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer |
US11515552B2 (en) | 2018-03-22 | 2022-11-29 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Catalyst laminate, membrane electrode assembly, electrochemical cell, stack, water electrolyzer, and hydrogen utilizing system |
EP4350043A2 (en) | 2022-10-03 | 2024-04-10 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Water electrolysis device and method of controlling water electrolysis device |
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JP2001073178A (ja) * | 1999-09-07 | 2001-03-21 | Shinko Pantec Co Ltd | 電極膜接合体及びその製造方法 |
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US11326264B2 (en) | 2017-09-06 | 2022-05-10 | Korea Institute Of Science And Technology | Membrane electrode assembly for proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer and method of preparing membrane electrode assembly for proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer |
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US11515552B2 (en) | 2018-03-22 | 2022-11-29 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Catalyst laminate, membrane electrode assembly, electrochemical cell, stack, water electrolyzer, and hydrogen utilizing system |
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