JP2017111140A - 流量測定装置、燃費測定装置、流量測定装置用プログラム、及び流量測定方法 - Google Patents
流量測定装置、燃費測定装置、流量測定装置用プログラム、及び流量測定方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 77
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 10
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010365 information processing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004931 aggregating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/66—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
- G01F1/667—Arrangements of transducers for ultrasonic flowmeters; Circuits for operating ultrasonic flowmeters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B77/00—Component parts, details or accessories, not otherwise provided for
- F02B77/08—Safety, indicating, or supervising devices
- F02B77/084—Safety, indicating, or supervising devices indicating economy
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B77/00—Component parts, details or accessories, not otherwise provided for
- F02B77/08—Safety, indicating, or supervising devices
- F02B77/085—Safety, indicating, or supervising devices with sensors measuring combustion processes, e.g. knocking, pressure, ionization, combustion flame
- F02B77/086—Sensor arrangements in the exhaust, e.g. for temperature, misfire, air/fuel ratio, oxygen sensors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
- F02D41/1445—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being related to the exhaust flow
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F15/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus of groups G01F1/00 - G01F13/00 insofar as such details or appliances are not adapted to particular types of such apparatus
- G01F15/02—Compensating or correcting for variations in pressure, density or temperature
- G01F15/022—Compensating or correcting for variations in pressure, density or temperature using electrical means
- G01F15/024—Compensating or correcting for variations in pressure, density or temperature using electrical means involving digital counting
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F15/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus of groups G01F1/00 - G01F13/00 insofar as such details or appliances are not adapted to particular types of such apparatus
- G01F15/02—Compensating or correcting for variations in pressure, density or temperature
- G01F15/04—Compensating or correcting for variations in pressure, density or temperature of gases to be measured
- G01F15/043—Compensating or correcting for variations in pressure, density or temperature of gases to be measured using electrical means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M15/00—Testing of engines
- G01M15/04—Testing internal-combustion engines
- G01M15/10—Testing internal-combustion engines by monitoring exhaust gases or combustion flame
- G01M15/102—Testing internal-combustion engines by monitoring exhaust gases or combustion flame by monitoring exhaust gases
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
- F01N2560/025—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting O2, e.g. lambda sensors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/06—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being a temperature sensor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/07—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas flow rate or velocity meter or sensor, intake flow meters only when exclusively used to determine exhaust gas parameters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/12—Other sensor principles, e.g. using electro conductivity of substrate or radio frequency
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
- F02D41/1446—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being exhaust temperatures
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/66—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
- G01F1/667—Arrangements of transducers for ultrasonic flowmeters; Circuits for operating ultrasonic flowmeters
- G01F1/668—Compensating or correcting for variations in velocity of sound
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)
Abstract
Description
温度センサは、通常、そのセンサ本体が流路の中央付近に位置するように配置されており、流路中央を流れる排ガスの温度が測定されるようにしてある。
具体的には、前記試料流体が、内燃機関から排出されて管体を流れる排ガスであり、前記温度測定器が、内燃機関から排出されて管体を流れる排ガスの平均温度又は排ガスの径方向に沿った温度分布を測定するものであることを特徴とする。
演算ユニット23は、CPUやメモリなどを有したコンピュータであり、該メモリに記憶させた所定のプログラムにしたがって前記CPUとその周辺機器が協働することにより、伝播時間検出部23a、温度測定器たる平均温度算出部23b、排ガス流量算出部23c等としての機能を発揮する。なお、この演算ユニット32の一部又は全部の機能を省略して、その機能を後述する演算装置4に備えさせてもよい。
前記伝播時間検出部23aは、一方の超音波送受信器21(又は22)に送信信号を出力するとともに、他方の超音波送受信器22(又は21)から受信信号を取得することで超音波パルスの伝播時間、すなわち、下流方向への超音波の伝播時間(以下、順方向伝播時間ともいう。)及び上流方向への超音波の伝播時間(以下、逆方向伝播時間ともいう。)を検出するものである。
温度が変化すると、超音波の伝播速度(音速)が変化するため、この音速を測定することで、排ガスの温度を算出することが可能である。ただし、音速は、排ガス密度によっても変化するところ、空燃比センサの測定値である空燃比から、排ガスの成分がわかり、その密度もわかるので、前記パラメータによって排ガスの温度を算出することができるわけである。
音速C[m/s]と前記順方向伝播時間Tdn[s]、逆方向伝播時間Tup[s]及び超音波送受信器21、22間の距離L[m]との間には、以下の関係がある。
なお、簡易的には、排ガスの組成がいつでも略不変とみなして、右辺第1項を定数として扱うことにより排ガス温度TEXを求めることもできる。この場合は空燃比を用いなくてもよい。すなわち、順方向伝播時間Tdn及び逆方向伝播時間Tupのみを変数として、排ガス温度TEXを求めてもよい。
実際には、空燃比センサの測定値である空燃比毎に、温度tと順方向伝播時間Tdn及び逆方向伝播時間Tupとの関係を示すグラフ(図3に示す)を、マップとしてメモリに記憶させてあり、前記平均温度算出部23bは、測定された空燃比と、算出した順方向伝播時間Tdn及び逆方向伝播時間Tupの逆数和を前記マップにあてはめて温度TEXを算出する。
また、超音波流量計2の一部機能を用いて温度を測定するので、管体8内に専用の温度センサを配置しなくてもよくなり、構成の簡素化を図れるとともに、管体8内に抵抗なく排ガスを流すことができるようになる。
例えば、前記実施形態では温度センサ6を設けているが、この温度センサ6による測定温度によって、前記平均温度算出部23bが算出した温度を校正するようにしても構わない。この温度センサ6は、校正のときにのみ用いることができるように、着脱可能にしておくことが好ましい。
流量計としては、超音波流量計に限られず、その他の流量計を用いることも可能である。
排ガスのみならず、他の種々の試料流体に本発明を適用することも可能である。
8 ・・・管体
2 ・・・超音波流量計
21、22・・・超音波送受信器
23b・・・温度測定器(平均温度算出部)
3 ・・・空燃比センサ
4 ・・・燃費算出器(演算装置)
Claims (8)
- 管体を流れる試料流体の平均温度又は試料流体の径方向に沿った温度分布を測定する温度測定器を具備し、該温度測定器が測定した前記平均温度又は温度分布に基づいて前記試料流体の流量を測定するものであることを特徴とする流量測定装置。
- 前記試料流体が、内燃機関から排出されて管体を流れる排ガスであり、
前記温度測定器が、内燃機関から排出されて管体を流れる排ガスの平均温度又は排ガスの径方向に沿った温度分布を測定するものであることを特徴とする請求項1記載の流量測定装置。 - 前記流量測定装置が、一対の超音波送受信器を具備し、これら超音波送受信器間を、前記試料流体を通過して伝播する超音波の伝播時間に基づいて、前記試料流体の流量を測定するものであって、
前記温度測定器が、前記伝播時間に基づいて試料流体の平均温度を算出するものであることを特徴とする請求項1記載の流量測定装置。 - 前記温度測定器が、所定の空燃比センサが測定した内燃機関での空燃比にさらに基づいて、排ガスの平均温度を算出するものであることを特徴とする請求項2記載の流量測定装置。
- 前記流量測定装置が、一対の超音波送受信器を具備し、これら超音波送受信器間を、排ガスの上流方向及び下流方向に伝播する超音波の各伝播時間の逆数差に基づいて排ガス流量を算出するものであって、
前記各伝播時間の逆数和から算出される排ガス温度にさらに基づいて排ガス流量を算出するものであることを特徴とする請求項2記載の流量測定装置。 - 請求項2記載の流量測定装置と、
該流量測定装置が測定した排ガス流量に基づいて燃費を算出する燃費算出器とを具備することを特徴とする燃費測定装置。 - 一対の超音波送受信器と、これら超音波送受信器間を、試料流体を通過して伝播する超音波の伝播時間に基づいて試料流体の流量を算出する演算部とを具備した流量測定装置に搭載されるプログラムであって、
前記伝播時間に基づいて試料流体の平均温度を算出するとともに、この平均温度にさらに基づいて試料流体の流量を算出する機能を、前記演算部に発揮させることを特徴とする流量測定装置用プログラム。 - 管体を流れる試料流体の平均温度又は試料流体の径方向に沿った温度分布を測定するステップと、
測定した前記平均温度又は温度分布に基づいて前記試料流体の流量を測定するステップとを備えたことを特徴とする流量測定方法。
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2016
- 2016-11-25 EP EP16200782.7A patent/EP3182072A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2016-11-28 CN CN201611069317.6A patent/CN106932039A/zh active Pending
- 2016-11-30 US US15/365,205 patent/US10041406B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2016-12-12 JP JP2016240363A patent/JP7037883B2/ja active Active
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Also Published As
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US20170167372A1 (en) | 2017-06-15 |
EP3182072A1 (en) | 2017-06-21 |
US10041406B2 (en) | 2018-08-07 |
CN106932039A (zh) | 2017-07-07 |
JP7037883B2 (ja) | 2022-03-17 |
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