JP2017077525A - Flocculant injection support device and control method - Google Patents

Flocculant injection support device and control method Download PDF

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JP2017077525A
JP2017077525A JP2015206435A JP2015206435A JP2017077525A JP 2017077525 A JP2017077525 A JP 2017077525A JP 2015206435 A JP2015206435 A JP 2015206435A JP 2015206435 A JP2015206435 A JP 2015206435A JP 2017077525 A JP2017077525 A JP 2017077525A
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water
flocculant
treated
injection
quality information
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JP6633342B2 (en
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清一 村山
Seiichi Murayama
清一 村山
美意 早見
Mii Hayami
美意 早見
法光 阿部
Norimitsu Abe
法光 阿部
卓 毛受
Taku Menju
卓 毛受
太 黒川
Futoshi Kurokawa
太 黒川
服部　大
Masaru Hattori
大 服部
哲平 山本
Teppei Yamamoto
哲平 山本
一将 大高
Kazumasa Otaka
一将 大高
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Toshiba Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D21/00—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
    • B01D21/30—Control equipment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • C02F1/54—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using organic material
    • C02F1/56—Macromolecular compounds

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a flocculant injection support device and a control method capable of controlling an injection amount of a flocculant according to water quality of treated water varying due to inflow of return water.SOLUTION: A flocculant injection support device controls an injection amount of a flocculant in a coagulation and sedimentation step in a water treatment process of returning water separated from sludge in a wastewater treatment step as return water to the coagulation and sedimentation step, and includes an acquisition section and a control section. The acquisition section acquires water quality information on water quality of treated water in the coagulation and sedimentation step. The control section controls the injection amount of the flocculant based on the water quality information acquired by the acquisition section.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

本発明の実施形態は、凝集剤注入支援装置及び制御方法に関する。   Embodiments described herein relate generally to a flocculant injection support device and a control method.

一般に、浄水場などで行われている水処理プロセスは、凝集沈殿工程と排水処理工程とを含み、各工程の概要は次のとおりである。凝集沈殿工程では、浄化処理の対象となる水（以下、「被処理水」という。）に含まれる懸濁物質などの不要物を除去するための固液分離処理が行われる。固液分離処理では、まず、被処理水に凝集剤を注入することにより不要物をフロックに凝集させる。フロック化した凝集物は沈殿処理によって被処理水から分離され、除去される。また、沈殿処理が行われた後、さらに砂ろ過などのろ過処理が行われる場合もある。沈殿処理やろ過処理によって被処理水から分離された凝集物を含む汚泥は排水処理工程に送られる。   In general, a water treatment process performed at a water purification plant or the like includes a coagulation sedimentation step and a wastewater treatment step, and the outline of each step is as follows. In the coagulation sedimentation process, a solid-liquid separation process is performed to remove unnecessary substances such as suspended substances contained in water to be purified (hereinafter referred to as “water to be treated”). In the solid-liquid separation treatment, first, unnecessary substances are aggregated into flocs by injecting a flocculant into the water to be treated. Flocked aggregates are separated from the water to be treated by precipitation treatment and removed. In addition, after the precipitation treatment, a filtration treatment such as sand filtration may be further performed. Sludge containing agglomerates separated from the water to be treated by precipitation or filtration is sent to a wastewater treatment process.

排水処理工程では、凝集沈殿工程において分離された汚泥の濃縮分離処理が行われる。濃縮分離処理は、凝集沈殿工程から送られてくる大量の水を含む汚泥を、より水分量の少ない状態にする処理である。濃縮分離処理によって汚泥から分離された水は、返送水として凝集剤が注入される前の被処理水に加えられ、再度凝集沈殿工程に送られる。そのため、凝集剤が注入される前の被処理水の水質は、水処理プロセスに送られてくる原水そのものの水質の変動の影響に加え、返送水の流入による変動の影響を受けて変動する。従って、凝集剤の注入量は原水や返送水の影響を受けて変動する被処理水の水質の変化に応じて適切に調節されるべきである。   In the wastewater treatment process, the sludge concentrated and separated in the coagulation sedimentation process is performed. Concentration separation processing is processing which makes the sludge containing a lot of water sent from a coagulation sedimentation process into a state with much less moisture. The water separated from the sludge by the concentration and separation treatment is added to the water to be treated before the flocculant is injected as return water, and sent again to the coagulation sedimentation step. Therefore, the quality of the water to be treated before the flocculant is injected fluctuates due to the influence of the fluctuation of the return water inflow in addition to the influence of the fluctuation of the quality of the raw water itself sent to the water treatment process. Therefore, the amount of the flocculant to be injected should be appropriately adjusted according to the change in the quality of the water to be treated which varies under the influence of raw water and return water.

一般に、凝集剤の注入量は、採水された原水に対してビーカー規模の凝集試験（以下、「ビーカー試験」という。）を行い、その試験結果を目安に決定される場合が多い。凝集剤の注入量を適切に保つには、ビーカー試験の頻度を高める必要があるが、作業の負荷を考えると現実的でない。そのため、凝集剤は、注入不足に陥らない程度で過剰に注入されている場合が多い。しかしながら、凝集剤の注入量が多くなると汚泥の発生量も増加するため、排水処理の負荷も高まってしまう。また、ろ過処理の負荷も高まるため、ろ過設備の洗浄処理（逆圧洗浄など）を行う頻度も高くなってしまう。従って、凝集剤の注入量は、過注入とならないよう適切な量に制御されるのが望ましい。   In general, the injection amount of the flocculant is often determined by conducting a beaker-scale aggregation test (hereinafter referred to as “beaker test”) on the collected raw water and using the test result as a guide. In order to keep the amount of flocculant injected appropriately, the frequency of the beaker test needs to be increased, but it is not realistic considering the work load. Therefore, in many cases, the flocculant is excessively injected so as not to cause insufficient injection. However, if the amount of flocculant injected increases, the amount of sludge generated also increases, increasing the load of wastewater treatment. In addition, since the load of the filtration process is increased, the frequency of performing the washing process (back pressure washing or the like) of the filtration equipment is increased. Therefore, it is desirable to control the injection amount of the flocculant to an appropriate amount so as not to over-inject.

このような問題に対して、例えば、凝集沈殿により分離除去された汚泥を返送することによって、凝集効果の向上を図る方法が提案されている。このような方法は、凝集効果の向上が期待できる一方で、被処理水の水質悪化を招き、トータルとして処理負荷を高めてしまう可能性がある。特に浄水場では、水処理プロセスにおける水質悪化は致命的である。これは排水処理工程から凝集沈殿工程に戻される返送水についても同様のことが言え、返送水による被処理水の水質悪化は避けなければならない。事実、返送水による水質悪化に起因して異臭味の発生やマンガン濃度の上昇などの問題が生じており、対策が求められている事業体も存在する。   In order to solve such a problem, for example, a method for improving the coagulation effect by returning sludge separated and removed by coagulation sedimentation has been proposed. While such a method can be expected to improve the coagulation effect, it may lead to deterioration of the quality of the water to be treated and may increase the treatment load as a whole. Especially in water treatment plants, deterioration of water quality in the water treatment process is fatal. The same applies to the return water returned from the wastewater treatment process to the coagulation sedimentation process, and deterioration of the quality of the treated water due to the return water must be avoided. In fact, problems such as the generation of off-flavors and increased manganese concentration have arisen due to the deterioration of water quality due to the return water, and there are some entities that need countermeasures.

特開２００３−３４０２０８号公報JP 2003-340208 A 特開２００９−２２６２８５号公報JP 2009-226285 A 特開２０１２−４５４９４号公報JP 2012-45494 A

本発明が解決しようとする課題は、凝集剤の注入量を返送水の流入に応じてより適切に制御することができる凝集剤注入支援装置及び制御方法を提供することである。   The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a coagulant injection support device and a control method that can more appropriately control the injection amount of the coagulant according to the inflow of return water.

実施形態の凝集剤注入支援装置は、排水処理工程において汚泥から分離された水を返送水として凝集沈殿工程に返送する水処理プロセスにおいて、前記凝集沈殿工程における凝集剤の注入量を制御する装置であって、取得部と、制御部と、を持つ。取得部は、前記凝集沈殿工程における被処理水の水質に関する水質情報を取得する。制御部は、前記取得部によって取得された前記水質情報に基づいて前記凝集剤の注入量を制御する。   The flocculant injection support device of the embodiment is a device that controls the injection amount of the flocculant in the coagulation sedimentation step in a water treatment process in which water separated from sludge in the wastewater treatment step is returned to the coagulation sedimentation step as return water. It has an acquisition unit and a control unit. An acquisition part acquires the water quality information regarding the water quality of the to-be-processed water in the said coagulation sedimentation process. The control unit controls the injection amount of the flocculant based on the water quality information acquired by the acquisition unit.

第１の実施形態の凝集剤注入支援装置を備える水処理プロセスの具体例を示す図。The figure which shows the specific example of a water treatment process provided with the coagulant | flocculant injection assistance apparatus of 1st Embodiment. 第１の実施形態における注入制御システム２００の機能構成を示す機能ブロック図。The functional block diagram which shows the function structure of the injection | pouring control system 200 in 1st Embodiment. 凝集剤の注入率と被処理水の濁度との関係の一例を示す図。The figure which shows an example of the injection | pouring rate of a coagulant | flocculant and the turbidity of to-be-processed water. 凝集剤の注入率とＳＣ値との関係の一例を示す図。The figure which shows an example of the injection | pouring rate of a coagulant | flocculant, and a SC value. 水処理プロセス１を注入率一定制御で運転している場合における、注入前被処理水の濁度と、注入後被処理水のＳＣ値及び導電率の変化の一例を示す図。The figure which shows an example of the change of the turbidity of to-be-processed water before injection | pouring, the SC value of to-be-processed water after injection | pouring, and electrical conductivity in the case of operating the water treatment process 1 by injection | pouring rate fixed control. 水処理プロセス１を注入率一定制御で運転している場合における、注入後被処理水のｐＨ及びＳＣ値の関係の一例を示す図。The figure which shows an example of the relationship between pH of a to-be-processed post-injection water, and SC value in the case of operating the water treatment process 1 by injection rate fixed control. 導電率とＳＣ値との関係の一例を示す図。The figure which shows an example of the relationship between electrical conductivity and SC value. 第１の実施形態の注入支援装置２２０による水処理プロセス１のフィードバック制御の結果の一例を示す図。The figure which shows an example of the result of the feedback control of the water treatment process 1 by the injection | pouring assistance apparatus 220 of 1st Embodiment.

以下、実施形態の凝集剤注入支援装置及び制御方法を、図面を参照して説明する。   Hereinafter, the flocculant injection support device and the control method of the embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings.

（第１の実施形態）
［概略］
水処理プロセスでは、被処理水が排水処理工程から凝集沈殿工程に戻される場合がある。そして、排水処理工程から凝集沈殿工程に戻される被処理水（以下、「返送水」という。）には、凝集剤の残留成分が含まれている場合がある。そのため、返送水に含まれる凝集剤を有効利用することができれば、凝集剤の注入量を削減できると考えられる。 (First embodiment)
[Outline]
In the water treatment process, water to be treated may be returned from the wastewater treatment process to the coagulation sedimentation process. And the to-be-processed water (henceforth "returned water") returned to a coagulation sedimentation process from a wastewater treatment process may contain the residual component of a coagulant | flocculant. Therefore, if the flocculant contained in the return water can be used effectively, the amount of flocculant injected can be reduced.

具体的には、被処理水中の濁質は、通常は表面電荷が負に帯電しており、互いに反発しあい、沈降しづらい状態にある。凝集剤を注入することで、表面電荷がゼロ付近に近づき粒子同士の反発作用が弱まる。凝集剤の架橋作用も加わりフロックを形成しやすくなり、フロック化した粒子は沈殿分離される。このように凝集剤を注入する目的は、濁質の表面電荷を中和させることである。そのため、被処理水中の濁質の表面電荷の状態に応じて凝集剤の注入量を変化させるように制御することで、返送水中に含まれる凝集剤の残留成分が考慮された適切な凝集剤の注入を実現できると考えられる。   Specifically, the suspended matter in the water to be treated usually has a negative surface charge, repels each other, and is difficult to settle. By injecting the flocculant, the surface charge approaches zero and the repulsive action between the particles is weakened. The cross-linking action of the flocculant is also added to facilitate the formation of floc, and the flocculent particles are separated by precipitation. The purpose of injecting the flocculant in this way is to neutralize the turbid surface charge. Therefore, by controlling the injection amount of the flocculant according to the state of the surface charge of the turbidity in the water to be treated, an appropriate flocculant that takes into account the residual components of the flocculant contained in the return water It is thought that injection can be realized.

例えば、被処理水中の浮遊粒子の表面電荷は、混和水（具体的には、凝集剤が注入され混和池にて急速撹拌した直後の被処理水）の流動電流値（ＳＣ値：Streaming Current）を計測することによって把握することができる。   For example, the surface charge of suspended particles in the water to be treated is the flow current value (SC value: Streaming Current) of the admixed water (specifically, the water to be treated immediately after the flocculant is injected and rapidly stirred in the mixing pond). It can be grasped by measuring.

ＳＣ値は、浮遊粒子表面の荷電状態を示す「ゼータ電位」に相関のある指標である。水中の浮遊粒子と水との界面には電気二重層が形成される。この状態で水を流動させることで水側に配分された電荷が水とともに流れ、流動帯電が生じる。この流動帯電によって水中に生じる電流は流動電流（ＳＣ：Streaming Current）と呼ばれる。ＳＣ値は凝集状態に応じて変化する一方、ｐＨ、導電率、水温の影響を受けて変化する。そのため、濁質表面の荷電状態の判断にＳＣ値を用いる場合、これらの影響を除去するための補正が必要となる。   The SC value is an index correlated with the “zeta potential” indicating the charged state of the suspended particle surface. An electric double layer is formed at the interface between suspended particles in water and water. By flowing water in this state, the electric charge distributed to the water side flows together with the water, and flow electrification occurs. The current generated in the water by this flow electrification is called a streaming current (SC). While the SC value changes depending on the aggregation state, it changes under the influence of pH, conductivity, and water temperature. Therefore, when the SC value is used to determine the charged state of the turbid surface, correction for removing these effects is necessary.

［詳細］
図１は、第１の実施形態の凝集剤注入支援装置を備える水処理プロセスの具体例を示す図である。なお、ここで説明する水処理プロセス１は、凝集剤を用いた固液分離処理を行うどのような設備に適用されてもよい。例えば水処理プロセス１は、浄水場や製紙工場などの設備に適用可能である。図１は、水処理プロセス１が浄水場に適用された例を示している。 [Details]
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a specific example of a water treatment process including the flocculant injection support device according to the first embodiment. In addition, the water treatment process 1 demonstrated here may be applied to what kind of equipment which performs the solid-liquid separation process using a flocculant. For example, the water treatment process 1 can be applied to facilities such as water purification plants and paper mills. FIG. 1 shows an example in which the water treatment process 1 is applied to a water purification plant.

水処理プロセス１は、取水井１０と、着水井２０と、混和池３０と、フロック形成池４０と、沈殿池５０と、排水処理工程６０と、砂ろ過棟７０と、配水池８０と、調整部９０と、凝集剤１００と、注入制御システム２００と、ｐＨ計３００と、導電率計４００と、を備える。取水井１０は、原水を一時的に貯留する。ここでいう原水とは、浄化処理が行われる前の水であり、例えば、ダムや河川から引き入れられた水や地下水などのことをいう。着水井２０には、取水井１０から原水が送水されるとともに、排水処理工程６０から返送水が送水される。以下では、着水井２０において原水及び返送水が混合された水を被処理水と記載する。着水井２０では、重力沈降によって容易に分離可能な植物や土砂などの不要物が被処理水から分離される。   The water treatment process 1 includes adjustment of the intake well 10, the landing well 20, the mixing basin 30, the flock formation basin 40, the sedimentation basin 50, the wastewater treatment step 60, the sand filtration ridge 70, and the distribution reservoir 80. Unit 90, flocculant 100, injection control system 200, pH meter 300, and conductivity meter 400. The intake well 10 temporarily stores raw water. The raw water here is water before purification treatment is performed, for example, water drawn from a dam or river, groundwater, and the like. Raw water is sent from the intake well 10 to the receiving well 20, and return water is sent from the wastewater treatment process 60. Hereinafter, water in which raw water and return water are mixed in the landing well 20 is referred to as treated water. In the landing well 20, unnecessary substances such as plants and earth and sand that can be easily separated by gravity settling are separated from the water to be treated.

混和池３０（急速撹拌池）には、着水井２０の上澄みの被処理水が送水される。混和池３０では、調整部９０によって凝集剤１００が被処理水に注入される。なお、混和池３０における凝集剤の注入は、運転員が手動で行ってもよい。混和池３０には、混合装置３１が取り付けられている。混合装置３１は、着水井２０から送水された水と、凝集剤１００とを混合する。混合装置３１は、例えば、急速攪拌装置（フラッシュ・ミキサ）やモータ等の駆動部を有する攪拌装置や、駆動部を有しない攪拌装置（スタティック・ミキサ）である。混和池３０では、凝集剤１００によって懸濁物質（Suspended Solids）の荷電状態が中和される。荷電状態が中和されることにより、懸濁物質は凝集する。懸濁物質は、例えば、コロイド成分である。混和池３０では、混合装置３１による攪拌によって、水中に微小なフロック（以下、「微フロック」という。）が形成される。   To the mixing basin 30 (rapid agitation pond), the water to be treated of the supernatant of the landing well 20 is sent. In the mixing basin 30, the coagulant 100 is poured into the water to be treated by the adjustment unit 90. Note that the operator may manually inject the flocculant in the mixing basin 30. A mixing device 31 is attached to the mixing basin 30. The mixing device 31 mixes the water sent from the landing well 20 and the flocculant 100. The mixing device 31 is, for example, a rapid stirring device (flash mixer), a stirring device having a driving unit such as a motor, or a stirring device (static mixer) having no driving unit. In the mixing basin 30, the charged state of the suspended solids is neutralized by the flocculant 100. Due to the neutralization of the charged state, the suspended material aggregates. The suspended material is, for example, a colloidal component. In the mixing basin 30, minute flocs (hereinafter referred to as “fine flocs”) are formed in the water by stirring by the mixing device 31.

フロック形成池４０には、微フロックを含む水が、混和池３０から送水される。フロック形成池４０は、水に含まれる微フロック同士を衝突させて、フロックを成長させる。   Water containing fine floc is fed from the mixing basin 30 to the floc formation basin 40. The floc formation pond 40 grows flocs by colliding fine flocs contained in water with each other.

沈殿池５０は、水中で成長したフロックを沈降させる。沈降したフロックは沈殿池の底部に泥となって溜まり、定期的に引抜かれ、排水処理工程６０に送られる。   The sedimentation basin 50 sediments flocs grown in water. The sedimented flock accumulates as mud at the bottom of the sedimentation basin, is periodically withdrawn, and is sent to the waste water treatment step 60.

排水処理工程６０では、他の工程から送られてくる汚泥などを濃縮し、汚泥と水に分離する。汚泥から分離された水のうち、上澄水は着水井２０へ返送される。返送は連続的にではなく、間欠的に行われる場合が多い。なお、排水処理工程６０には、沈殿池５０から引き抜かれた汚泥に限らず、水処理プロセス１に含まれる他の様々な工程で発生した汚泥や排水が送られてくる。   In the wastewater treatment process 60, sludge and the like sent from other processes are concentrated and separated into sludge and water. Of the water separated from the sludge, the supernatant water is returned to the landing well 20. The return is often performed intermittently rather than continuously. In addition, not only the sludge extracted from the sedimentation basin 50 but the sludge and waste water which generate | occur | produced at the various other processes included in the water treatment process 1 are sent to the waste water treatment process 60.

砂ろ過棟７０には、沈殿池５０の上澄水が送水される。砂ろ過棟７０は、沈殿池５０から送水された水をろ過する。ろ材である砂はろ過継続時間が経過するにつれ目詰まりし、差圧が上昇する。従って、定期的に逆圧洗浄がなされ、その洗浄排水は排水処理工程６０に送られる。   The supernatant water of the sedimentation basin 50 is sent to the sand filtration building 70. The sand filtration building 70 filters the water sent from the sedimentation basin 50. Sand as a filter medium becomes clogged as the filtration duration time elapses, and the differential pressure increases. Therefore, the counter pressure cleaning is periodically performed, and the cleaning waste water is sent to the waste water treatment step 60.

配水池８０には、ろ過された水が、砂ろ過棟７０から送水される。配水池８０では、塩素が水に注入される。塩素によって消毒された水は、配水池８０から住宅などに配水される。   The filtered water is sent from the sand filtration building 70 to the distribution reservoir 80. In the distributing reservoir 80, chlorine is injected into the water. The water sterilized by chlorine is distributed from the distribution reservoir 80 to houses and the like.

調整部９０は、凝集剤１００の注入量を調整可能な機構であれば、どのような機構を有していてもよい。調整部９０は、例えば、ポンプ（以下、「薬剤注入ポンプ」という。）である。調整部９０は、情報処理装置等を備える注入制御システム２００によって決定された注入量の凝集剤１００を、混和池３０に注入する。なお、調整部９０は、注入制御システム２００によって決定された注入率で凝集剤１００を、混和池３０に注入してもよい。凝集剤１００の注入率は、凝集剤１００が注入される箇所の総水量（時間あたりの流量）に対する、凝集剤１００の注入量の割合である。例えば、調整部９０は、インバータや電磁弁を用いて、凝集剤１００の注入量又は注入率を変更してもよい。   The adjustment unit 90 may have any mechanism as long as it can adjust the injection amount of the flocculant 100. The adjustment unit 90 is, for example, a pump (hereinafter referred to as “medicine injection pump”). The adjustment unit 90 injects the injection amount of the flocculant 100 determined by the injection control system 200 including an information processing apparatus or the like into the mixing basin 30. The adjusting unit 90 may inject the flocculant 100 into the mixing basin 30 at the injection rate determined by the injection control system 200. The injection rate of the flocculant 100 is the ratio of the injection amount of the flocculant 100 to the total amount of water (flow rate per hour) at the location where the flocculant 100 is injected. For example, the adjustment unit 90 may change the injection amount or injection rate of the flocculant 100 using an inverter or a solenoid valve.

凝集剤１００は、正の電荷に帯電している薬剤である。また、水中の懸濁物質は、表面が負の電荷に帯電している。そのため、凝集剤１００は、被処理水に注入されることによって懸濁物質の荷電状態を中和させ、被処理水に含まれている懸濁物質等の粒子を凝集させる。凝集剤１００は、例えば、ポリ塩化アルミニウム（ＰＡＣ：Poly Aluminum Chloride）や硫酸バンド、塩化第二鉄、硫酸第一鉄、ポリシリカ鉄等の無機系凝集剤である。   The aggregating agent 100 is a drug charged to a positive charge. In addition, suspended substances in water have a negative charge on the surface. For this reason, the flocculant 100 is injected into the water to be treated to neutralize the charged state of the suspended matter, and agglomerates particles such as the suspended matter contained in the water to be treated. The flocculant 100 is an inorganic flocculant such as polyaluminum chloride (PAC), sulfate band, ferric chloride, ferrous sulfate, polysilica iron, and the like.

凝集剤１００は、高分子凝集剤と併用されてもよい。高分子凝集剤は、例えば、カチオン性ポリマ、アニオン性ポリマ、両性ポリマなどである。また、凝集剤１００は、ｐＨ調整剤と併用されてもよい。ｐＨ調整剤は、凝集させるために適切であるｐＨ域に、水のｐＨ値を調整することができる。ｐＨ調整剤は、酸性の調整剤でもよいし、アルカリ性の調整剤でもよい。酸性の調整剤は、例えば、硫酸や塩酸などである。アルカリ性の調整剤は、例えば、苛性ソーダや水酸化カルシウムなどである。   The flocculant 100 may be used in combination with a polymer flocculant. Examples of the polymer flocculant include a cationic polymer, an anionic polymer, and an amphoteric polymer. Further, the flocculant 100 may be used in combination with a pH adjuster. The pH adjuster can adjust the pH value of water to a pH range that is appropriate for aggregation. The pH adjusting agent may be an acidic adjusting agent or an alkaline adjusting agent. Examples of the acidic regulator include sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid. Examples of the alkaline adjusting agent include caustic soda and calcium hydroxide.

注入制御システム２００は、調整部９０による凝集剤１００の注入量を制御するシステムである。注入制御システム２００は、被処理水の水質に関する水質情報に基づいて、凝集剤１００の注入量を制御する。水質情報は、被処理水の水質に関する諸量であり、例えば、流動電流値やｐＨ、導電率などの量を示す情報である。   The injection control system 200 is a system that controls the injection amount of the flocculant 100 by the adjusting unit 90. The injection control system 200 controls the injection amount of the flocculant 100 based on the water quality information related to the quality of the water to be treated. The water quality information is various quantities relating to the quality of the water to be treated, and is information indicating quantities such as a flowing current value, pH, and conductivity.

ｐＨ計３００は、混和水のｐＨを測定する測定器である。ｐＨ計３００は、混和水のｐＨの測定値を示す情報を注入制御システム２００に送信する。   The pH meter 300 is a measuring device that measures the pH of the mixed water. The pH meter 300 transmits information indicating the measured value of the pH of the admixed water to the injection control system 200.

導電率計４００は、混和水のｐＨを測定する測定器である。導電率計４００は、混和水の導電率の測定値を示す情報を注入制御システム２００に送信する。   The conductivity meter 400 is a measuring device that measures the pH of the mixed water. The conductivity meter 400 transmits information indicating the measured value of the conductivity of the admixed water to the injection control system 200.

図２は、第１の実施形態における注入制御システム２００の機能構成を示す機能ブロック図である。注入制御システム２００は、流動電流計２１０と、注入支援装置２２０と、提示装置２３０とを備える。なお以下では、流動電流計２１０をＳＣ（Streaming Current：流動電流）計２１０と記載する。同様に以下では、流動電流値をＳＣ値と記載する。   FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram showing a functional configuration of the injection control system 200 in the first embodiment. The injection control system 200 includes a flow ammeter 210, an injection support device 220, and a presentation device 230. Hereinafter, the flowing ammeter 210 is referred to as an SC (Streaming Current) meter 210. Similarly, in the following, the flowing current value is described as the SC value.

混和池３０における被処理水のＳＣ値は、凝集剤１００の注入量に応じて増減する。ＳＣ計２１０は、被処理水中の懸濁物質の荷電状態を連続的に検出する流動電位計でもよい。また、ＳＣ計２１０は、被処理水中の懸濁物質の荷電状態を間欠的に検出するゼータ電位計でもよい。ＳＣ計２１０は、混和池３０における被処理水のＳＣ値を、連続的に測定する。測定間隔は１分程度が望ましいが、１０分以内であれば本実施形態における注入制御の性能に大きな影響を与えない。ＳＣ計２１０は、混和池３０における被処理水のＳＣ値を、注入支援装置２２０に出力する。   The SC value of the water to be treated in the mixing basin 30 increases or decreases according to the injection amount of the flocculant 100. The SC meter 210 may be a flow potentiometer that continuously detects the charged state of suspended substances in the water to be treated. Further, the SC meter 210 may be a zeta electrometer that intermittently detects the charged state of suspended substances in the water to be treated. The SC meter 210 continuously measures the SC value of the water to be treated in the mixing basin 30. The measurement interval is preferably about 1 minute, but if it is within 10 minutes, the performance of the injection control in this embodiment is not greatly affected. The SC meter 210 outputs the SC value of the water to be treated in the mixing basin 30 to the injection support device 220.

注入支援装置２２０は、バスで接続されたＣＰＵ（Central Processing Unit）やメモリや補助記憶装置などを備え、注入支援プログラムを実行する。注入支援装置２２０は、注入支援プログラムの実行によって取得部２２１、記憶部２２２及び制御部２２３を備える装置として機能する。なお、注入支援装置２２０の各機能の全て又は一部は、ＡＳＩＣ（Application Specific Integrated Circuit）やＰＬＤ（Programmable Logic Device）やＦＰＧＡ（Field Programmable Gate Array）等のハードウェアを用いて実現されてもよい。注入支援プログラムは、コンピュータ読み取り可能な記録媒体に記録されてもよい。コンピュータ読み取り可能な記録媒体とは、例えばフレキシブルディスク、光磁気ディスク、ＲＯＭ、ＣＤ−ＲＯＭ等の可搬媒体、コンピュータシステムに内蔵されるハードディスク等の記憶装置である。注入支援プログラムは、電気通信回線を介して送信されてもよい。   The injection support apparatus 220 includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a memory, an auxiliary storage device, and the like connected by a bus, and executes an injection support program. The injection support device 220 functions as a device including the acquisition unit 221, the storage unit 222, and the control unit 223 by executing the injection support program. Note that all or part of each function of the injection support apparatus 220 may be realized by using hardware such as an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a field programmable gate array (FPGA). . The injection support program may be recorded on a computer-readable recording medium. The computer-readable recording medium is, for example, a portable medium such as a flexible disk, a magneto-optical disk, a ROM, a CD-ROM, or a storage device such as a hard disk built in the computer system. The injection support program may be transmitted via a telecommunication line.

取得部２２１は、混和池３０における被処理水のＳＣ値を、ＳＣ計２１０から取得する。取得部２２１は、ＳＣ計２１０が測定したＳＣ値を、制御部２２３に出力する。   The acquisition unit 221 acquires the SC value of the water to be treated in the mixing basin 30 from the SC meter 210. The acquisition unit 221 outputs the SC value measured by the SC meter 210 to the control unit 223.

記憶部２２２は、例えば、ＲＯＭ（Read Only Memory）やフラッシュメモリ、ＨＤＤ（Hard Disk Drive）などの不揮発性の記憶媒体（非一時的な記録媒体）を有する。記憶部２２２は、例えば、ＲＡＭ（Random Access Memory）やレジスタなどの揮発性の記憶媒体を有していてもよい。記憶部２２２は、例えば、自装置を注入支援装置２２０として機能させるためのコンピュータプログラムを記憶してもよい。   The storage unit 222 includes, for example, a nonvolatile storage medium (non-temporary recording medium) such as a ROM (Read Only Memory), a flash memory, and an HDD (Hard Disk Drive). The storage unit 222 may include, for example, a volatile storage medium such as a RAM (Random Access Memory) or a register. For example, the storage unit 222 may store a computer program for causing the device itself to function as the injection support device 220.

制御部２２３は、混和池３０において被処理水に注入される凝集剤の量を制御する。具体的には、制御部２２３は、被処理水のＳＣ値が予め定められた目標値に近づくように、凝集剤１００の注入量を決定する。制御部２２３は、決定した注入量で凝集剤１００を注入するように調整部９０（薬剤注入ポンプ）を動作させる制御信号を生成する。制御部２２３は、生成した制御信号を調整部９０に送信することによって、被処理水に注入される凝集剤１００の量を制御する。   The controller 223 controls the amount of the flocculant injected into the water to be treated in the mixing basin 30. Specifically, the control unit 223 determines the injection amount of the flocculant 100 so that the SC value of the water to be treated approaches a predetermined target value. The control unit 223 generates a control signal for operating the adjustment unit 90 (drug injection pump) so as to inject the coagulant 100 with the determined injection amount. The control unit 223 controls the amount of the flocculant 100 injected into the water to be treated by transmitting the generated control signal to the adjustment unit 90.

なお、注入支援装置２２０は、単体の装置で構成されてもよいし、複数の装置で構成されてもよい。注入支援装置２２０は、複数の装置で構成される場合、クラウドコンピューティング技術によって動作してもよい。注入支援装置２２０は、クラウドコンピューティング技術によって、キーバリューストア形式の各種データに演算を施してもよい。   Injection support device 220 may be composed of a single device or a plurality of devices. When the injection support apparatus 220 is configured by a plurality of apparatuses, the injection support apparatus 220 may operate using cloud computing technology. The injection support apparatus 220 may perform operations on various types of data in the key value store format using cloud computing technology.

また、注入支援装置２２０では、ウェブブラウザが動作してもよい。また、注入支援装置２２０の運用や監視、障害対応などを実施する主体は一の主体であってもよいし、複数の主体であってもよい。例えば、水処理プロセス１を運用する主体とは別の主体（例えば、ASP：Application Service Provider）が代行して、注入支援装置２２０の運用や監視、障害対応などを実施してもよい。また、注入支援装置２２０の運用や監視、障害対応の一部又は全部が複数の主体によって実施されてもよい。   In addition, in the injection support apparatus 220, a web browser may operate. In addition, the entity that performs the operation and monitoring of the injection support apparatus 220, the failure response, and the like may be one entity or a plurality of entities. For example, an entity (for example, ASP: Application Service Provider) other than the entity that operates the water treatment process 1 may act on behalf of the operation and monitoring of the injection support apparatus 220 and failure handling. Further, some or all of the operation and monitoring of the injection support apparatus 220 and the failure handling may be performed by a plurality of subjects.

提示装置２３０は、ＣＲＴ（Cathode Ray Tube）ディスプレイや液晶ディスプレイ、有機ＥＬ（Electro-Luminescence）ディスプレイ等の表示装置を用いて構成される。又は、提示装置２３０は、これらの表示装置を自装置に接続するインターフェースとして構成されてもよい。提示装置２３０は、注入支援装置２２０によって生成された注入支援情報を表示する。注入支援情報は、凝集剤１００の注入を支援する種々の情報であり、例えば、凝集剤１００の注入量の目標値や、凝集剤１００が過剰であるか又は不足しているかの判定結果などを示す情報である。注入支援情報は、グラフの態様で表示されてもよいし、他の態様で表示されてもよい。提示装置２３０は、注入支援情報の表示を、制御部２２３による制御に応じて行ってもよい。   The presentation device 230 is configured using a display device such as a CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) display, a liquid crystal display, or an organic EL (Electro-Luminescence) display. Or the presentation apparatus 230 may be comprised as an interface which connects these display apparatuses to an own apparatus. The presentation device 230 displays the injection support information generated by the injection support device 220. The injection support information is various information that supports the injection of the flocculant 100. For example, the target value of the injection amount of the flocculant 100, the determination result of whether the flocculant 100 is excessive or insufficient, and the like. It is information to show. The injection support information may be displayed in the form of a graph or may be displayed in another form. The presentation device 230 may display the injection support information according to control by the control unit 223.

また、提示装置２３０は、スピーカ（提示部）を備える音声処理装置であってもよい。提示装置２３０は、注入支援情報を音声によって運転員に提示してもよい。また、提示装置２３０は、キーボードやタッチパネル等の操作デバイスを備えてもよい。操作デバイスは、運転員による操作に応じて、運転員が指定した値を制御部２２３に出力してもよい。制御部２２３に出力される値は、例えば、凝集剤１００の注入量の目標値を表す値である。制御部２２３に出力される値は、例えば、ＳＣ値の目標値でもよい。制御部２２３は、操作デバイスから制御部２２３に出力された値に基づいて、凝集剤１００の注入量や注入率を制御してもよい。   Further, the presentation device 230 may be a voice processing device including a speaker (presentation unit). The presentation device 230 may present the injection support information to the operator by voice. The presentation device 230 may include an operation device such as a keyboard or a touch panel. The operation device may output a value designated by the operator to the control unit 223 in accordance with an operation by the operator. The value output to the control unit 223 is, for example, a value that represents a target value for the injection amount of the flocculant 100. The value output to the control unit 223 may be a SC value target value, for example. The control unit 223 may control the injection amount and injection rate of the flocculant 100 based on the value output from the operation device to the control unit 223.

図３は、凝集剤の注入率と被処理水の濁度との関係の一例を示す図である。図３では、横軸が凝集剤の注入率を表し、縦軸が被処理水の濁度を表す。図３の例の場合、被処理水の濁度は、注入率の増加に応じて２０［ｍｇ／Ｌ］付近の注入率を境に減少から増加に転じている。つまり、図３の例のような状況においては、２０ｍｇ／Ｌ付近が注入率の適正値であると考えられる。このように、凝集剤１００の注入率は、多過ぎてもよくないし、少な過ぎてもよくない。   FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of the relationship between the injection rate of the flocculant and the turbidity of the water to be treated. In FIG. 3, the horizontal axis represents the injection rate of the flocculant, and the vertical axis represents the turbidity of the water to be treated. In the case of the example in FIG. 3, the turbidity of the water to be treated changes from decreasing to increasing at the injection rate in the vicinity of 20 [mg / L] as the injection rate increases. That is, in the situation as in the example of FIG. 3, it is considered that the vicinity of 20 mg / L is an appropriate value for the injection rate. Thus, the injection rate of the flocculant 100 may not be too much or too little.

凝集剤注入率の増加に応じて、被処理水の濁度が減少から増加に転じる傾向は、被処理水の種類や性質によって異なる。例えば、ある被処理水は、凝集剤注入率がある程度高くならないと濁度が増加傾向に転じない。また、例えば、被処理水によっては、濁度の増加の勾配が異なる。いずれにせよ、凝集剤の注入量は、そのときの被処理水の種類や性質に応じて図３の例のような適正値に制御されるべきである。   The tendency of the turbidity of the water to be treated to increase from the decrease to the increase according to the increase in the flocculant injection rate varies depending on the type and nature of the water to be treated. For example, in some water to be treated, the turbidity does not start to increase unless the flocculant injection rate is increased to some extent. Further, for example, depending on the water to be treated, the gradient of increase in turbidity varies. In any case, the amount of the flocculant injected should be controlled to an appropriate value as shown in the example of FIG. 3 in accordance with the type and properties of the water to be treated at that time.

図４は、凝集剤の注入率とＳＣ値との関係の一例を示す図である。具体的には、図４は、図３と同じ被処理水についての凝集剤の注入率とＳＣ値との関係を示している。図４では、縦軸がＳＣ値を表し、横軸が凝集剤の注入率を表す。図４は、凝集剤の注入率の増加に応じてＳＣ値も増加することを示している。すなわち、図４は、ＳＣ値と凝集剤の注入率との間には正の相関関係があることを示している。   FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between the flocculant injection rate and the SC value. Specifically, FIG. 4 shows the relationship between the flocculant injection rate and the SC value for the same treated water as in FIG. In FIG. 4, the vertical axis represents the SC value, and the horizontal axis represents the injection rate of the flocculant. FIG. 4 shows that the SC value increases as the flocculant injection rate increases. That is, FIG. 4 shows that there is a positive correlation between the SC value and the injection rate of the flocculant.

さらに、図４からは、図３の例での凝集剤注入量の適正値（２０［ｍｇ／Ｌ］付近）に対して、ＳＣ値が荷電中和点付近の値（＋２付近）をとることが分かる。これらのことから、凝集剤の注入によって被処理水中の懸濁物質の表面電荷が中和されていく様子は、ＳＣ値の観測によって把握できることが分かる。   Further, from FIG. 4, the SC value takes a value near the charge neutralization point (near +2) with respect to an appropriate value (near 20 [mg / L]) of the coagulant injection amount in the example of FIG. I understand. From these facts, it can be understood that the surface charge of the suspended substance in the water to be treated is neutralized by the injection of the flocculant by grasping the SC value.

図５は、水処理プロセス１を注入率一定制御で運転している場合における、凝集剤注入前の被処理水（以下、「注入前被処理水」という。）の濁度と、凝集剤注入後の被処理水（以下、「注入後被処理水」又は「混和水」という。）のＳＣ値及び導電率の変化の一例を示す図である。図５から、排水処理工程６０から返送水が戻されている期間には、返送水の流入に応じて注入前被処理水の濁度が上昇していることが分かる。また、図５では、注入前被処理水の濁度の上昇に合わせて、注入後被処理水のＳＣ値が上昇していることが分かる。そして、返送水の混合によって注入後被処理水のＳＣ値が上昇しているということは水中粒子表面の帯電状態が正側に変動していることを表している。また、返送水が流入するタイミングでは導電率も上昇しているため、導電率が上昇する変化から返送水の流入を捉えることもできる。   FIG. 5 shows the turbidity of the water to be treated before the flocculant injection (hereinafter referred to as “water to be treated before injection”) and the flocculant injection when the water treatment process 1 is operated at a constant injection rate control. It is a figure which shows an example of the SC value of a post-processed water (henceforth "the post-injection treated water" or "mixed water"), and an electrical conductivity change. From FIG. 5, it can be seen that during the period in which the return water is returned from the waste water treatment process 60, the turbidity of the pre-injection treated water increases in accordance with the inflow of the return water. Moreover, in FIG. 5, it turns out that the SC value of the to-be-processed water after injection | pouring is rising with the raise of the turbidity of the to-be-processed water before injection | pouring. And that SC value of to-be-processed water is rising after injection | pouring by mixing of return water has shown that the charged state of the underwater particle surface is fluctuating to the positive side. In addition, since the conductivity increases at the timing when the return water flows, the return water can be captured from the change in the conductivity.

上記のとおり、凝集剤の注入率が一定の状態では、返送水有りのタイミングで被処理水のＳＣ値が上昇していることから、返送水有りのタイミングでは注入率を減らすように水処理プロセス１を制御することで、ＳＣ値の上昇を抑えることができる。すなわち、注入支援装置２２０の制御部２２３が、注入後被処理水のＳＣ値が一定となるよう凝集剤の注入率を制御することによって、注入後被処理水中の懸濁物質の表面電荷を荷電中和の状態に保つことができる。   As described above, when the injection rate of the flocculant is constant, the SC value of the water to be treated increases at the timing of returning water, so that the water treatment process reduces the injection rate at the timing of returning water. By controlling 1, the increase of the SC value can be suppressed. That is, the controller 223 of the injection support device 220 controls the injection rate of the flocculant so that the SC value of the post-injection treated water becomes constant, thereby charging the surface charge of the suspended matter in the post-injection treated water. It can be kept in a neutral state.

図６は、水処理プロセス１を注入率一定制御で運転している場合における、注入後被処理水のｐＨ及びＳＣ値の関係の一例を示す図である。図６において、横軸はｐＨを表し、縦軸はＳＣ値を表す。図６は、ｐＨの増加に応じてＳＣ値が減少することを示している。すなわち、図６は、ｐＨとＳＣ値との間には負の相関関係があることを示している。この相関関係に基づけば、ｐＨがある値を基準として変動する場合におけるＳＣ値は、次の（１）式のように表すことができる。なおここでは、ｐＨが変動する基準となる値を基準値と呼ぶ。   FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of the relationship between the pH and SC value of post-injection treated water when the water treatment process 1 is operated with constant injection rate control. In FIG. 6, the horizontal axis represents pH and the vertical axis represents SC value. FIG. 6 shows that the SC value decreases with increasing pH. That is, FIG. 6 shows that there is a negative correlation between pH and SC value. Based on this correlation, the SC value when the pH fluctuates with a certain value as a reference can be expressed as the following equation (1). Here, a reference value for changing the pH is referred to as a reference value.

Figure 2017077525
Figure 2017077525

（１）式において「ＳＣ値（ｐＨ基準）」は、ｐＨの基準値からの変動量に応じて正規化されるＳＣ値を表す。「ＳＣ値（実測値）」は、ＳＣ値の測定値を表す。ＫｐＨは、ｐＨの変動量をＳＣ値の変動量に換算する係数であり、例えば、ＫｐＨ＝−１３．８である。ｐＨ０はｐＨの基準値であり、例えば、ｐＨ０＝７．０である。 In the equation (1), “SC value (pH standard)” represents an SC value that is normalized according to the amount of variation from the standard value of pH. “SC value (actually measured value)” represents the measured value of the SC value. K pH is a coefficient for converting the fluctuation amount of the pH into the fluctuation amount of the SC value. For example, K pH = −13.8. pH 0 is a reference value of pH, for example, pH 0 = 7.0.

図７は、導電率とＳＣ値との関係の一例を示す図である。図７は、塩化ナトリウムの注入によって被処理水の導電率を変化させた場合のＳＣ値の変化を示す。図７において横軸は、導電率（ＥＣ）の対数を表し、縦軸はＳＣ値を表す。なお、塩化ナトリウムの追加により被処理水のｐＨも変化するため、図７はＳＣ値と導電率との関係を、ＳＣ値（実測値）でなく、上記（１）式により算出されるＳＣ値（ｐＨ基準）との関係で表している。図７は、導電率の増加に応じてＳＣ値も増加することを示している。すなわち、図７は、導電率とＳＣ値との間には正の相関関係があることを示している。この相関関係に基づけば、導電率がある値を基準として変動する場合におけるＳＣ値は、次の（２）式のように表すことができる。   FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of the relationship between conductivity and SC value. FIG. 7 shows the change in SC value when the conductivity of the water to be treated is changed by injection of sodium chloride. In FIG. 7, the horizontal axis represents the logarithm of conductivity (EC), and the vertical axis represents the SC value. In addition, since the pH of to-be-processed water also changes with addition of sodium chloride, FIG. 7 shows the SC value calculated by the above formula (1), not the SC value (actual value), as the relationship between the SC value and the conductivity. It is expressed in relation to (pH standard). FIG. 7 shows that the SC value increases as the conductivity increases. That is, FIG. 7 shows that there is a positive correlation between the conductivity and the SC value. Based on this correlation, the SC value when the conductivity varies with a certain value as a reference can be expressed as the following equation (2).

Figure 2017077525
Figure 2017077525

（２）式において「ＳＣ値（ｐＨ基準、導電率基準）」は、ｐＨ及び導電率の基準値からの変動量に応じて正規化されるＳＣ値を表す。ＫＥＣ−ｐＨは、導電率の変動量をＳＣ値の変動量に換算する係数であり、例えば、ＫＥＣ−ｐＨ＝８．２である。ＥＣ０は導電率の基準値であり、例えば、ＥＣ０＝４．５である。なお、（２）式では、導電率の基準値（以下、「基準導電率」という。）を、例えば５［ｍＳ／ｍ］とした場合の近似式である。 In the equation (2), “SC value (pH reference, conductivity reference)” represents an SC value normalized according to the amount of variation from the reference value of pH and conductivity. K EC-pH is a coefficient for converting the variation amount of the conductivity into the variation amount of the SC value, and for example, K EC-pH = 8.2. EC 0 is a reference value of conductivity, for example, EC 0 = 4.5. Note that equation (2) is an approximate equation when the reference value of conductivity (hereinafter referred to as “reference conductivity”) is, for example, 5 [mS / m].

なお、上述した（１）式におけるｐＨの基準値や、（２）式における導電率の基準値は、その環境において取り得る値の平均値などで表されてもよい。また、導電率の変化が大きくない場合には、ＳＣ値についての（２）式での正規化は省略されてもよく、ＳＣ値は（１）式のみで正規化されてもよい。   In addition, the reference value of pH in the above-described equation (1) and the reference value of conductivity in the equation (2) may be represented by an average value of values that can be taken in the environment. If the change in conductivity is not large, the normalization of the SC value in the equation (2) may be omitted, and the SC value may be normalized only by the equation (1).

図８は、第１の実施形態の注入支援装置２２０による水処理プロセス１のフィードバック制御の結果の一例を示す図である。図８は、（１）式のみでＳＣ値を近似し、ｐＨ基準のＳＣ値の目標値をゼロとして水処理プロセス１をフィードバック制御した場合の例である。   FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of a result of feedback control of the water treatment process 1 performed by the injection support apparatus 220 according to the first embodiment. FIG. 8 shows an example in which the SC value is approximated only by the equation (1), and the water treatment process 1 is feedback controlled with the target value of the pH-based SC value being zero.

図８の例の制御結果では、約１５ｍｇ／Ｌの注入率を上限として凝集剤注入率が周期に変化している。この注入率の上限は、注入率一定運転時における注入率の設定値である。一方で、上述したとおり、返送水の流入時にはＳＣ値が上昇する。これに対して、ここでの制御はＳＣ値の目標値をゼロとしているため、制御部２２３は、水処理プロセス１に対してＳＣ値が低下する方向にフィードバック制御する。すなわち、制御部２２３は、水処理プロセス１に対して凝集剤の注入率を減少させる制御を行う。   In the control result of the example of FIG. 8, the flocculant injection rate changes in a cycle with the injection rate of about 15 mg / L as the upper limit. The upper limit of the injection rate is a set value of the injection rate at the time of constant injection rate operation. On the other hand, as described above, the SC value increases when the return water flows. On the other hand, since the control here sets the target value of the SC value to zero, the control unit 223 performs feedback control on the water treatment process 1 in a direction in which the SC value decreases. That is, the control unit 223 performs control to reduce the injection rate of the flocculant with respect to the water treatment process 1.

また、図８の例の制御結果では、被処理水の濁度が良好に保たれていることが分かる。これは、すなわち、水処理プロセス１が、返送水中に残留している凝集剤を有効利用することができており、凝集剤注入率を減少させても被処理水の濁度が良好に保たれていることを示している。つまり、この場合、注入支援装置２２０は、図８に示す削減領域５００−１、５００−２及び５００−３の面積分の凝集剤が削減可能となる。図８の例の場合、注入率の平均は１２．８ｍｇ／Ｌとなり、注入率一定運転時に比べて注入する凝集剤の量を約１５％削減することが可能である。   Moreover, in the control result of the example of FIG. 8, it turns out that the turbidity of to-be-processed water is kept favorable. This means that the water treatment process 1 can effectively use the flocculant remaining in the return water, and the turbidity of the water to be treated is kept good even when the flocculant injection rate is reduced. It shows that. That is, in this case, the injection assisting device 220 can reduce the coagulant for the areas of the reduction regions 500-1, 500-2, and 500-3 shown in FIG. In the case of the example of FIG. 8, the average of the injection rate is 12.8 mg / L, and the amount of the flocculant to be injected can be reduced by about 15% compared to the operation at a constant injection rate.

このように構成された第１の実施形態の注入支援装置２２０は、被処理水に注入される凝集剤の量を、凝集剤注入後の被処理水のＳＣ値に基づいて制御することによって、返送水中に含まれる凝集剤の残留成分を有効利用した適切な凝集剤の注入を実現することができる。   The injection support apparatus 220 of the first embodiment configured as described above controls the amount of the flocculant injected into the water to be treated based on the SC value of the water to be treated after the flocculant is injected, Appropriate injection of the flocculant using the residual component of the flocculant contained in the return water can be realized.

（第２の実施形態）
第２の実施形態の注入支援装置２２０は、第１の実施形態の注入支援装置２２０が、凝集剤注入後の被処理水の水質（例えば流動電流値）に基づいて、凝集剤１００の注入量をフィードバック制御したのに対して、凝集剤注入前の被処理水の水質に基づいて凝集剤の注入率をフィードフォワード制御する。以下、第２の実施形態の注入支援装置２２０を、第１の実施形態の注入支援装置２２０と区別するために注入支援装置２２０ａと記載する。 (Second Embodiment)
The injection support apparatus 220 according to the second embodiment is different from the injection support apparatus 220 according to the first embodiment in that the injection amount of the flocculant 100 is based on the quality of the water to be treated after the flocculant injection (for example, the flowing current value). However, the feed rate of the flocculant injection rate is controlled based on the quality of the water to be treated before the flocculant injection. Hereinafter, the injection support device 220 of the second embodiment is referred to as an injection support device 220a in order to distinguish it from the injection support device 220 of the first embodiment.

この場合、注入支援装置２２０ａは、注入前被処理水の導電率及びｐＨの一方又は両方に基づいて返送水の流入状況を捉え、返送水の流入状況に応じて凝集剤の注入量を増減させる。なお、返送水の流入状況はｐＨよりも導電率の方により強く表れるため、流入状況の把握には返送水の導電率を監視する方が望ましい。   In this case, the injection support device 220a captures the return water inflow state based on one or both of the conductivity and pH of the pre-injection treated water, and increases or decreases the injection amount of the flocculant according to the return water inflow state. . In addition, since the inflow situation of return water appears more strongly in terms of conductivity than pH, it is desirable to monitor the conductivity of return water for grasping the inflow situation.

また、この場合、流入状況に応じた凝集剤の適正な注入量（以下、「適正注入量」という。）は、例えば、ビーカー試験の結果に基づいて予め設定される対応情報によって決定される。一般に、凝集剤の適正注入量は、導電率に比例して変化することが知られている。そのため、このような関係の詳細を予めビーカー試験によって明らかにすることで、導電率と凝集剤の適正注入量との関係を示す対応情報を生成することができる。   In this case, an appropriate injection amount of the flocculant according to the inflow situation (hereinafter referred to as “appropriate injection amount”) is determined by correspondence information set in advance based on the result of the beaker test, for example. In general, it is known that the appropriate injection amount of the flocculant changes in proportion to the conductivity. Therefore, by clarifying the details of such a relationship in advance by a beaker test, it is possible to generate correspondence information indicating the relationship between the conductivity and the appropriate injection amount of the flocculant.

例えば、注入支援装置２２０ａは、凝集剤注入率一定運転中の水処理プロセス１について、注入前被処理水の導電率を監視することによって返送水の流入の有無を判定する。注入支援装置２２０は、返送水の流入が検知された場合、対応情報に基づいて、そのときの流入状況に応じた凝集剤の適正注入量を決定する。注入支援装置２２０ａは、このように決定した適正注入量の凝集剤が注入されるように調整部９０（薬剤注入ポンプ）をフィードフォワード制御する。   For example, the injection support apparatus 220a determines the presence or absence of inflow of return water by monitoring the conductivity of the pre-injection treated water for the water treatment process 1 in which the flocculant injection rate is constant. When an inflow of return water is detected, the injection support device 220 determines an appropriate injection amount of the flocculant according to the inflow state at that time based on the correspondence information. The injection assisting device 220a performs feedforward control of the adjustment unit 90 (drug injection pump) so that the appropriate amount of the flocculant determined as described above is injected.

なお、対応情報は、返送水の流入流量と適正注入量との関係として表すことも可能であるが、凝集剤の適正注入量には被処理水の水質の変動が大きく影響する。そのため、対応情報は、返送水の単純な流入流量よりも、返送水による水質の変動を反映した被処理水の導電率を用いて表されるのが望ましい。次の式（３）は、被処理水の導電率を用いた場合において、凝集剤の適正注入率を決定する方法の具体例を示す式である。   Note that the correspondence information can be expressed as a relationship between the inflow rate of the return water and the appropriate injection amount, but the quality of the treated water greatly affects the appropriate injection amount of the flocculant. Therefore, it is desirable that the correspondence information be expressed using the conductivity of the water to be treated that reflects the change in water quality due to the return water, rather than the simple inflow rate of the return water. The following formula (3) is a formula showing a specific example of a method for determining an appropriate injection rate of the flocculant when the conductivity of the water to be treated is used.

Figure 2017077525
Figure 2017077525

（３）式において、Ａは決定される凝集剤の適正注入率［ｍｇ／Ｌ］である。Ａ０は、返送水が無いときの凝集剤注入率［ｍｇ／Ｌ］（一定値）である。ＥＣ被処理水は、注入前被処理水の導電率［ｍＳ／ｍ］であり、ＥＣ０は基準導電率である。基準導電率は、本実施形態の制御が適用される種々の環境における標準的な導電率の値のことである。基準導電率は、制御対象となる環境において導電率が取り得る値の平均値などで表されてもよい。 In the formula (3), A is an appropriate injection rate [mg / L] of the coagulant to be determined. A 0 is the flocculant injection rate [mg / L] (constant value) when there is no return water. EC treated water has a conductivity [mS / m] before being injected, and EC 0 is a reference conductivity. The reference conductivity is a standard conductivity value in various environments to which the control of this embodiment is applied. The reference conductivity may be expressed by an average value of values that can be taken by the conductivity in the environment to be controlled.

このように構成された第２の実施形態の注入支援装置２２０ａは、排水処理工程で汚泥から分離された水が返送水として凝集沈殿工程に返送される水処理プロセス１において、凝集剤の注入率を注入前被処理水の導電率に基づいて決定する。凝集剤の注入率がこのように決定されることによって、原水の水質変動が小さい場合であっても、返送水中に含まれる凝集剤の残留成分を考慮した適切な凝集剤の注入量で水処理プロセス１を運転することができる。   In the water treatment process 1 in which the water separated from the sludge in the wastewater treatment process is returned to the coagulation sedimentation process as the return water, the injection support apparatus 220a of the second embodiment configured as described above is an injection rate of the flocculant. Is determined based on the conductivity of the water to be treated before injection. By determining the injection rate of the flocculant in this way, water treatment is performed with an appropriate injection amount of the flocculant considering the residual components of the flocculant contained in the return water, even when the water quality fluctuation is small. Process 1 can be operated.

以下、実施形態の凝集剤注入支援装置の変形例について説明する。   Hereinafter, modifications of the flocculant injection support device of the embodiment will be described.

制御部２２３がＳＣ値や凝集剤注入量を正規化する方法は（１）式〜（３）式に示した例に限定されない。例えば、制御部２２３は、被処理水の温度をパラメータに含む式を用いて正規化を行ってもよい。   The method by which the control unit 223 normalizes the SC value and the flocculant injection amount is not limited to the examples shown in the equations (1) to (3). For example, the control unit 223 may perform normalization using an expression that includes the temperature of the water to be treated as a parameter.

水処理プロセス１の凝集沈殿工程において、凝集剤とｐＨ調整剤とを併用する場合、制御部２２３は、凝集剤の注入量を制御する機能に加えて、ｐＨ調整剤の注入量を制御する機能を備えるように構成されてもよい。この場合、制御部２２３は、水質情報（例えば、ｐＨ計３００によって測定される注入前又は注入後被処理水のｐＨ）に基づいて、被処理水のｐＨが凝集剤による不要物の凝集に適した所定の範囲内となるように、ｐＨ調整剤の注入量を制御する。制御部２２３が、このようなｐＨ調整機能を備えることにより、凝集剤の注入による不要物の凝集効果を高めることが可能となる。なお、ｐＨ調整剤の注入量を制御する機能部は、制御部２２３とは異なる第２の制御部として構成されてもよい。   When the coagulant and the pH adjuster are used together in the coagulation sedimentation step of the water treatment process 1, the control unit 223 functions to control the injection amount of the pH adjuster in addition to the function of controlling the injection amount of the coagulant. May be provided. In this case, the control unit 223 determines that the pH of the water to be treated is suitable for agglomeration of unnecessary substances by the flocculant based on the water quality information (for example, the pH of the water to be treated before or after injection measured by the pH meter 300). The injection amount of the pH adjusting agent is controlled so as to be within the predetermined range. When the control unit 223 has such a pH adjustment function, it is possible to enhance the aggregation effect of unnecessary substances due to the injection of the flocculant. Note that the functional unit that controls the injection amount of the pH adjusting agent may be configured as a second control unit different from the control unit 223.

以上説明した少なくともひとつの実施形態によれば、凝集沈殿工程における被処理水の水質に関する水質情報を取得する取得部と、取得部によって取得された水質情報に基づいて凝集剤の注入量を制御する制御部と、を持つことにより、返送水の流入によって変動する被処理水の水質に応じて凝集剤の注入量を制御することができる。例えば水質情報には、被処理水の流動電流値が用いられてもよいし、被処理水のｐＨが用いられてもよい。また、水質情報には、被処理水の導電率が用いられてもよいし、返送水の流量が用いられてもよい。   According to at least one embodiment described above, an acquisition unit that acquires water quality information regarding the quality of the water to be treated in the coagulation sedimentation step, and the injection amount of the flocculant is controlled based on the water quality information acquired by the acquisition unit. By having the control unit, it is possible to control the injection amount of the flocculant according to the quality of the water to be treated which varies depending on the inflow of the return water. For example, the flow quality value of the water to be treated may be used as the water quality information, or the pH of the water to be treated may be used. Moreover, the electrical conductivity of to-be-processed water may be used for water quality information, and the flow volume of return water may be used.

具体的には、上記実施形態の凝集剤注入支援装置は、上水プロセスに代表される凝集沈殿工程及び排水処理工程を有する水処理プロセスであって、排水処理工程で汚泥から分離された水を凝集沈殿工程に返送する水処理プロセスにおいて、凝集剤が注入される前又は後の被処理水の水質を計測することで被処理水の水質（例えば、浮遊粒子表面電荷）を把握し、被処理水の水質に応じて凝集剤の注入量を制御する。このような制御を行うことで、上述した水処理プロセスにおいて、返送水中に含まれる凝集剤の残留成分を考慮した適切な凝集剤の注入を実現できる。   Specifically, the flocculant injection support device of the above embodiment is a water treatment process having a coagulation sedimentation step and a wastewater treatment step typified by a water treatment process, and the water separated from sludge in the wastewater treatment step. In the water treatment process returned to the coagulation sedimentation process, the quality of the water to be treated (for example, the surface charge of suspended particles) is determined by measuring the quality of the water to be treated before or after the flocculant is injected. The injection amount of the flocculant is controlled according to the water quality. By performing such control, in the water treatment process described above, it is possible to realize an appropriate injection of the flocculant in consideration of the residual component of the flocculant contained in the return water.

本発明のいくつかの実施形態を説明したが、これらの実施形態は、例として提示したものであり、発明の範囲を限定することは意図していない。これら実施形態は、その他の様々な形態で実施されることが可能であり、発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲で、種々の省略、置き換え、変更を行うことができる。これら実施形態やその変形は、発明の範囲や要旨に含まれると同様に、特許請求の範囲に記載された発明とその均等の範囲に含まれるものである。   Although several embodiments of the present invention have been described, these embodiments are presented by way of example and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. These embodiments can be implemented in various other forms, and various omissions, replacements, and changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. These embodiments and their modifications are included in the scope and gist of the invention, and are also included in the invention described in the claims and the equivalents thereof.

１…水処理プロセス、１０…取水井、２０…着水井、３０…混和池、３１…混合装置、４０…フロック形成池、５０…沈殿池、６０…排水処理工程、７０…過棟、８０…配水池、９０…調整部、１００…凝集剤、２００…注入制御システム、２１０…流動電流（ＳＣ：Streaming Current）計、２２０，２２０ａ…注入支援装置、２２１…取得部、２２２…記憶部、２２３…制御部、２３０…提示装置、３００…ｐＨ計、４００…導電率計、５００−１〜５００−３…削減領域 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Water treatment process, 10 ... Intake well, 20 ... Landing well, 30 ... Mixing pond, 31 ... Mixing device, 40 ... Flock formation pond, 50 ... Sedimentation basin, 60 ... Waste water treatment process, 70 ... Overbuilding, 80 ... Reservoir, 90 ... adjuster, 100 ... flocculant, 200 ... injection control system, 210 ... Streaming Current (SC) meter, 220, 220a ... injection support device, 221 ... acquisition unit, 222 ... storage unit, 223 ... Control unit, 230 ... Presentation device, 300 ... pH meter, 400 ... Conductivity meter, 500-1 to 500-3 ... Reduction area

Claims (10)

凝集剤を注入し、被処理水中の不要物を凝集及び沈殿させる凝集沈殿工程と、前記凝集沈殿工程において沈殿した汚泥を濃縮し、前記汚泥から水を分離する排水処理工程と、を含み、前記排水処理工程において前記汚泥から分離された水を返送水として前記凝集沈殿工程に返送し、前記凝集沈殿工程に送られてくる原水に前記返送水を加えて前記被処理水とする水処理プロセスにおいて、前記凝集沈殿工程における前記凝集剤の注入量を制御する装置であって、
前記凝集沈殿工程における被処理水の水質に関する水質情報を取得する取得部と、
前記取得部によって取得された前記水質情報に基づいて前記凝集剤の注入量を制御する制御部と、
を備える凝集剤注入支援装置。 A flocculating agent step for injecting a flocculating agent to agglomerate and precipitate unnecessary substances in the water to be treated; and a waste water treatment step for concentrating the sludge precipitated in the flocculating precipitation step and separating water from the sludge In the water treatment process in which the water separated from the sludge in the wastewater treatment process is returned to the coagulation sedimentation process as return water, and the return water is added to the raw water sent to the coagulation sedimentation process to form the treated water. , An apparatus for controlling the amount of the flocculant injected in the coagulation sedimentation step,
An acquisition unit for acquiring water quality information on the quality of the water to be treated in the coagulation sedimentation step;
A control unit for controlling the amount of the flocculant injected based on the water quality information acquired by the acquisition unit;
A flocculant injection support device. 前記取得部は、前記被処理水の流動電流値を前記水質情報として取得し、
前記制御部は、前記水質情報が示す流動電流値に応じて前記凝集剤の注入量を制御する、
請求項１に記載の凝集剤注入支援装置。 The acquisition unit acquires a flow current value of the treated water as the water quality information,
The control unit controls the injection amount of the flocculant according to the flowing current value indicated by the water quality information.
The flocculant injection support device according to claim 1. 前記取得部は、前記被処理水のｐＨ又は導電率を前記水質情報の一部として取得し、
前記制御部は、前記被処理水のｐＨ又は導電率を用いて正規化された流動電流値に基づいて前記凝集剤の注入量を制御する、
請求項２に記載の凝集剤注入支援装置。 The acquisition unit acquires the pH or conductivity of the treated water as part of the water quality information,
The control unit controls the injection amount of the flocculant based on the flow current value normalized using the pH or conductivity of the water to be treated.
The flocculant injection support device according to claim 2. 前記取得部は、前記凝集剤が注入された後の被処理水について前記水質情報を取得し、
前記制御部は、前記水質情報が示す前記被処理水の水質の変化に応じて、前記被処理水の水質が所定の目標値に近づくように前記凝集剤の注入量を制御する、
請求項１から３のいずれか一項に記載の凝集剤注入支援装置。 The acquisition unit acquires the water quality information about the water to be treated after the flocculant is injected,
The control unit controls the injection amount of the flocculant so that the water quality of the treated water approaches a predetermined target value according to a change in the quality of the treated water indicated by the water quality information.
The flocculant injection support device according to any one of claims 1 to 3. 前記取得部は、前記凝集剤が注入される前の被処理水について前記水質情報を取得し、
前記制御部は、前記水質情報に基づいて前記返送水の返送の有無を検出し、前記返送水の返送が行われている間、前記水質情報が示す前記被処理水の水質に応じて前記凝集剤の注入量を制御する、
請求項１から３のいずれか一項に記載の凝集剤注入支援装置。 The acquisition unit acquires the water quality information about the water to be treated before the flocculant is injected,
The control unit detects whether or not the return water is returned based on the water quality information, and the aggregation is performed according to the quality of the treated water indicated by the water quality information while the return water is being returned. To control the injection amount of the agent,
The flocculant injection support device according to any one of claims 1 to 3. 前記取得部は、前記被処理水の導電率を前記水質情報として取得し、
前記制御部は、前記被処理水の導電率の変化に基づいて前記返送水の有無を検出する、
請求項５に記載の凝集剤注入支援装置。 The acquisition unit acquires the conductivity of the treated water as the water quality information,
The control unit detects the presence or absence of the return water based on a change in conductivity of the water to be treated.
The flocculant injection support device according to claim 5. 前記取得部は、前記被処理水のｐＨを前記水質情報として取得し、
前記制御部は、前記被処理水のｐＨの変化に基づいて前記返送水の有無を検出する、
請求項５又は６に記載の凝集剤注入支援装置。 The acquisition unit acquires the pH of the treated water as the water quality information,
The control unit detects the presence or absence of the return water based on a change in pH of the water to be treated.
The flocculant injection support device according to claim 5 or 6. 前記取得部は、前記返送水の流量を前記水質情報として取得し、
前記制御部は、前記返送水の流量の変化に基づいて前記返送水の有無を検出する、
請求項５から７のいずれか一項に記載の凝集剤注入支援装置。 The acquisition unit acquires the flow rate of the return water as the water quality information,
The control unit detects the presence or absence of the return water based on a change in the flow rate of the return water.
The flocculant injection support device according to any one of claims 5 to 7. 前記凝集沈殿工程において、前記凝集剤に加え、酸剤又はアルカリ剤のｐＨ調整剤が前記被処理水に注入される場合、
前記制御部は、前記水質情報に基づいて、前記被処理水のｐＨが所定の範囲内となるように前記ｐＨ調整剤の注入量を制御する、
請求項１から８のいずれか一項に記載の凝集剤注入支援装置。 In the coagulation sedimentation step, in addition to the coagulant, an acid agent or an alkaline agent pH adjuster is injected into the water to be treated.
The control unit controls the injection amount of the pH adjusting agent based on the water quality information so that the pH of the water to be treated is within a predetermined range.
The flocculant injection support device according to any one of claims 1 to 8. 凝集剤を注入し、被処理水中の不要物を凝集及び沈殿させる凝集沈殿工程と、前記凝集沈殿工程において沈殿した汚泥を濃縮し、前記汚泥から水を分離する排水処理工程と、を含み、前記排水処理工程において前記汚泥から分離された水を返送水として前記凝集沈殿工程に返送し、前記凝集沈殿工程に送られてくる原水に前記返送水を加えて前記被処理水とする水処理プロセスにおいて、前記凝集沈殿工程における前記凝集剤の注入量を制御する制御方法であって、
前記凝集沈殿工程における被処理水の水質に関する水質情報を取得する取得ステップと、
前記取得ステップにおいて取得された前記水質情報に基づいて前記凝集剤の注入量を制御する制御ステップと、
を有する制御方法。 A flocculating agent step for injecting a flocculating agent to agglomerate and precipitate unnecessary substances in the water to be treated; and a waste water treatment step for concentrating the sludge precipitated in the flocculating precipitation step and separating water from the sludge In the water treatment process in which the water separated from the sludge in the wastewater treatment process is returned to the coagulation sedimentation process as return water, and the return water is added to the raw water sent to the coagulation sedimentation process to form the treated water. A control method for controlling the amount of the flocculant injected in the coagulation sedimentation step,
An acquisition step of acquiring water quality information relating to the quality of water to be treated in the coagulation sedimentation step;
A control step of controlling the injection amount of the flocculant based on the water quality information acquired in the acquisition step;
A control method.
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