JP2017053773A - Track displacement measuring device and track displacement measuring method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a track displacement measuring device capable of directly and quickly measuring displacement of one rail.SOLUTION: A track displacement measuring device 1 measures displacement of a track. The displacement measuring device comprises: an irradiation unit 21 that is fixed to one rail R and emits laser light S; a traveling unit 5 that independently travels on the same rail as the irradiation unit; and a light receiving unit 4 attached to the traveling unit. The light-receiving unit includes a PSD element unit 41 that is planar on a cross section substantially orthogonal to an extension direction of the rail and capable of detecting a light-receiving position of the laser light.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to an orbital displacement measuring apparatus for measuring orbital displacement and an orbital displacement measuring method using the same.

  As disclosed in Patent Document 1, there is known a method of measuring a horizontal bending amount of a railroad rail using a laser beam. Track displacement (track irregularities, track misalignment) in railways is regularly measured and maintained in order to affect ride comfort and running safety.

  As described in Non-Patent Document 1, the track displacement includes height displacement (displacement in the vertical direction of the rail), passage displacement (displacement in the lateral direction of the rail), displacement between the gauges (interval between the left and right rails), and level displacement. (Difference in the height of the left and right rails) and flatness displacement (flat twist made by two rails).

  Conventionally, the high and low displacement and the passage displacement have been measured by the 10 m string Masaya method. The 10 m string Masaya method is a method of measuring the vertical or horizontal separation at the center position of a string when a 10 m long string (string) is stretched along the rail.

  Since such measurement is usually performed by running a vehicle called a track inspection vehicle, the inspection result is filtered, which is different from the actual track shape.

  On the other hand, Patent Document 1 describes a method of measuring displacement with a long wavelength that cannot be measured by the 10 m string Masaya method. Patent Document 2 discloses a trajectory surveying device that measures the vertical displacement or lateral displacement of a trajectory formed by two parallel rails.

  The trajectory surveying device of Patent Document 2 measures the vertical and lateral displacements of the entire trajectory using laser light and a laser light receiving device equipped with a PSD sensor that travels across two rails. It is the composition to do.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-137838 JP-A-9-105626 Jun Furukawa, “RRR” March 2011 issue, Railway Technical Research Institute, Kenyusha, March 2011, p.14-17

  However, what can be measured by the devices disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2 is the displacement of the entire track constituted by two parallel rails, not the displacement of each of the left and right rails.

  Here, if the displacement of each of the left and right rails can be easily measured, the height displacement, the passage displacement, the gauge displacement, the level displacement, and the planar displacement can be calculated at a time.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a track displacement measuring apparatus and a track displacement measuring method capable of directly and quickly measuring the displacement of one rail.

  In order to achieve the above object, an orbital displacement measuring apparatus of the present invention is an orbital displacement measuring apparatus for measuring an orbital displacement, which is the same as the irradiation part of a laser beam fixed to one rail and the irradiation part. A traveling unit that independently travels on the rail; and a light receiving unit attached to the traveling unit, wherein the light receiving unit is planar in a cross-section substantially perpendicular to the extending direction of the rail, and the laser light receiving position It has the optical position detection part which can detect this.

  Here, the said irradiation part can be set as the structure attached to the moving means part for moving along the said rail. Moreover, the said irradiation part can be set as the structure which has a level.

  An invention of a method for measuring a track displacement is a method for measuring a track displacement using the track displacement measuring device according to any one of the above, wherein the track displacement measuring device is arranged on a first rail, and the running A step of detecting the light receiving position by the light position detecting unit while moving the unit in a direction away from the irradiating unit, and disposing the orbital displacement measuring device on a second rail substantially parallel to the first rail And a step of detecting the light receiving position by the light position detecting unit while the traveling unit is traveling in a direction away from the irradiation unit.

  Here, the arrangement of the orbital displacement measuring device is configured such that positioning of the irradiation unit in the extending direction of the rail, horizontal adjustment of the laser light, and adjustment of the light receiving position of the laser light in the light receiving unit are performed. it can.

  Further, the arrangement of the track displacement measuring device is repeated for the same rail after the travel unit has traveled a predetermined distance, and in the repetition, the irradiation is performed on the traveled rail of the travel unit. It can be set as the structure by which a part is positioned.

  The orbital displacement measuring apparatus of the present invention configured as described above has a planar shape of a light receiving unit attached to a traveling unit that independently runs on the same rail while a laser beam irradiation unit is fixed to one rail. The light position detecting unit detects the light receiving position of the laser beam in a cross section substantially orthogonal to the extending direction of the rail.

  For this reason, it is possible to directly and quickly measure the vertical and horizontal displacements of one rail. And by measuring with respect to each of the left and right rails, height displacement, street displacement, gauge displacement, level displacement and flatness displacement can be calculated at a time.

Moreover, if the irradiation part fixed on a rail at the time of a measurement is attached to the moving means part for moving along a rail, the refilling operation | work of an irradiation part can be performed rapidly.
Further, if the irradiating unit has a level, adjustment for irradiating the laser beam horizontally can be easily performed.

In the track displacement measuring method of the present invention, after the first rail is measured by running the traveling part, the second rail that is substantially parallel to the first rail is also measured.
For this reason, the vertical and horizontal displacements of the left and right rails can be measured directly and quickly.

  Furthermore, by setting the orbital displacement measuring device according to the procedure of positioning in the extending direction of the rail of the irradiation unit, horizontal adjustment of the laser light, and adjustment of the light receiving position of the laser light, accurate setting can be performed in a short time.

  And by repeating arrangement | positioning of a track displacement measuring apparatus so that a measurement range may overlap after driving | running | working a traveling part for a predetermined distance, it can measure reliably also in the curve part of a track | orbit.

It is a figure explaining the structure of the orbital displacement measuring apparatus of this Embodiment, and the measuring method of an orbital displacement using the same. It is a figure which illustrates typically the measuring method of orbital displacement. It is a figure explaining schematic structure of a light-receiving part, Comprising: (a) is explanatory drawing seen from the side, (b) is explanatory drawing which looked at the PSD element part from the front. It is explanatory drawing which showed typically the structure of a light-receiving part and a driving | running | working part. It is a flowchart explaining the procedure of the measuring method of the track | orbit displacement of this Embodiment. It is a figure explaining the process of repeating the measurement of a rail, making a measurement range overlap.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a configuration of a track displacement measuring apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment and a track displacement measuring method using the device.

  As schematically shown in FIG. 2, a track displacement (track irregularity, track misalignment) occurs in the track formed by the rail R. FIG. 2 shows the height displacement, which is the vertical displacement of the rail R, amplified so that the displacement is conspicuous.

  In addition to the high and low displacements, the track displacement includes the displacement of the rail R in the horizontal direction, the displacement between the rails R and R indicating the change in the distance between the left and right rails R, and the difference in height between the left and right rails R and R. Level displacement, and planar displacement indicating the twist of the plane created by the two parallel rails R, R.

  The track displacement measuring apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment includes a laser device 2 fixed on one rail R, a traveling unit 5 that travels independently on the same rail R, and a light receiving unit that is attached to the upper part of the traveling unit 5. 4 is mainly composed.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the laser device 2 is mainly configured by an irradiation unit 21 for a laser beam S, a level 22, and an adjustment unit 23 for adjusting the irradiation direction of the laser beam S.

  The irradiation unit 21 is a device that irradiates the laser light S from the sensor head toward the light receiving unit 4. Here, the optical axis of the laser beam S refers to the central axis of the light beam emitted from the sensor head.

  The level 22 is an index for adjusting the optical axis of the laser light S horizontally. As the level 22, for example, a bubble tube level can be used. By attaching the level 22 to the upper surface of the irradiation unit 21, it is possible to easily visually check whether the irradiation unit 21 is installed horizontally.

  The adjustment unit 23 is a mechanism for adjusting at least the elevation angle or depression angle of the irradiation unit 21, although schematically illustrated in FIG. 1. In addition, a mechanism for horizontally moving the irradiation unit 21 in the width direction of the track or rotating it in a horizontal plane may be added as necessary.

  On the other hand, as schematically shown in FIG. 3A, the light receiving section 4 includes a window section 42 that transmits the laser light S, a lens group section 43 that transmits the laser light S, and an optical position detection section (41). And a control unit 44 that performs detection value processing and the like.

  The window part 42 can be provided with a band-pass filter for mainly transmitting the laser light S. That is, by providing a filter that transmits only the band of the laser beam S, the sensitivity of the laser beam S can be increased.

  In addition, the lens group unit 43 is configured by combining a convex lens, a concave lens, and the like, and can reduce the thickness of the laser beam S. The thinner the light beam of the laser light S, the smaller the spot light received by the optical position detection unit, and the higher the position resolution.

  On the other hand, the optical position detector is formed to have a planar shape in a cross section substantially perpendicular to the optical axis direction of the laser light S (the extending direction of the rail R). The light position detection unit is a light receiving element capable of detecting the light receiving position when the laser light S is received.

  As the light receiving element, an element such as PSD (Position Sensitive Device) or CCD (Charge Coupled Device) can be used. Unlike a CCD or the like, a PSD is a non-divided type, so that a continuous electric signal can be obtained, and the position resolution and response are excellent.

  The PSD element unit 41 is an optical displacement sensor including a PSD as a light receiving element. The PSD is a spot light position sensor using the surface resistance of a photodiode, and a current proportional to the position of the spot light condensed on the PSD element part 41 through the lens group part 43 is controlled by the control part. 44.

  By calculating the output value of the PSD element unit 41 with the control unit 44, the light receiving position can be calculated. In addition, the measurement value calculated by the control unit 44 is recorded in the storage unit 45. As the storage unit 45, a flash memory, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, or the like can be used.

  As shown in FIG. 3B, the PSD element unit 41 is formed into a square extending in the YZ plane, for example. Here, the Y direction is the width direction of the track, and the Z direction is the vertical direction.

  The light receiving position of the laser beam S from the irradiation unit 21 is first adjusted to the center position SA of the PSD element unit 41 so as to take a difference from the detection position SB, so that not only the displacement in one direction It is possible to detect the amount of displacement in any direction in the YZ plane.

  FIG. 4 shows a schematic configuration of the traveling unit 5 for attaching the light receiving unit 4 to the upper part. The traveling unit 5 is attached to a rail R having an I-shaped cross section, and is configured to be able to travel independently.

  Here, the rail R is formed with a head bulged by the upper surface R1 and the head side surfaces R2 and R2 suspended from both edges thereof, and the lower constriction is defined as a web surface R3.

  The traveling unit 5 is formed in a substantially C shape in the lateral direction so that the head side surfaces R2, R2 and the upper surface R1 are covered from the web surface R3. A plurality of traveling means are attached to the frame body 51 of the substantially C-shaped traveling portion 5 with the open side facing downward.

  The traveling tire 52 suspended from the ceiling surface in the interior of the frame 51 serves as a traveling means for the upper surface R1 of the rail R. The traveling means on one head side surface R <b> 2 of the rail R is a drive wheel 53.

  The drive wheel 53 is attached to the inner wall surface of the frame 51 via suspensions 55 and 55, and can be rotated by a drive motor (not shown). The drive wheel 53 is controlled by the drive control unit 531.

  The drive motor controlled by the drive control unit 531 is provided with an encoder (not shown), and the output of the encoder is processed by the drive control unit 531 so that the travel distance of the traveling unit 5 (extension of the rail R) is achieved. Direction (length in the X direction) can be measured.

  A side tire 54 is attached to the other head side surface R2 of the rail R as traveling means. Further, the web surface R3 is held between guide tires 56, 56 serving as traveling means.

  In the traveling unit 5 configured as described above, the traveling tire 52 is placed on the upper surface R1 of the rail R, and the driving wheels 53 and the side tires 54 are pressed against the head side surfaces R2 and R2 to form the web surface R3. Guide tires 56 are also pressed against both sides.

  For this reason, the traveling unit 5 can independently travel on the rail R without tilting or overturning. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 1, the moving frame portion 3 that is a moving means portion to which the laser device 2 is attached is configured similarly to the traveling portion 5.

  However, it is not necessary to provide the driving wheel 53 in the moving frame portion 3. The moving frame part 3 only needs to be able to move along the rail R, and does not need to be able to run by itself. Therefore, the moving frame portion 3 includes a traveling tire 32 corresponding to the traveling tire 52, a side tire 33 corresponding to the side tire 54, and a guide tire 34 corresponding to the guide tire 56, but the driving wheel 53 and driving A configuration corresponding to the control unit 531 is not provided.

  On the other hand, the moving frame portion 3 must be fixed on the rail R during measurement. For this reason, the moving frame portion 3 is provided with a fixed lever 31 so that the movement of the rail R in the extending direction (X direction) can be restricted and switched.

  Next, a method for measuring the orbital displacement using the orbital displacement measuring apparatus 1 of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. First, in step S1, the moving frame portion 3 is fixed to the first rail R.

  That is, the moving frame portion 3 to which the laser device 2 is attached is mounted on the rail R to be measured for orbital displacement, and is slid to the initial position in the extending direction (X direction) of the rail R.

  Then, the fixed lever 31 is operated so that the moving frame portion 3 does not move from the initial position. Similarly, in step S2, the traveling unit 5 with the light receiving unit 4 attached to the upper part is attached to the same rail R to which the moving frame unit 3 is fixed (see the top view of FIG. 6).

  Subsequently, in step S3, the direction of the irradiation unit 21 is adjusted so that the laser beam S is irradiated horizontally by operating the adjustment unit 23 while looking at the level 22. In step S4, adjustment is performed so that the laser light S emitted from the irradiation unit 21 is received by the PSD element unit 41.

  The adjustment of the light receiving position can be performed on either the laser device 2 side or the light receiving unit 4 side. A mechanism capable of fine adjustment of the position in the width direction (Y direction) and the vertical direction (Z direction) of the track may be provided in at least one of them.

  As shown in FIG. 3B, the light receiving position before the measurement is started is preferably such that the laser light S is received at the center position SA of the PSD element portion 41. By adjusting to the center position SA, light can be received regardless of the direction of displacement.

  After the arrangement (setting) of the orbital displacement measuring apparatus 1 is thus performed, the measurement is started. In the measurement, first, the travel unit 5 is traveled by a predetermined distance L in a direction away from the irradiation unit 21 (see FIG. 6).

  The predetermined distance L is 5 m, for example. The traveling unit 5 travels by driving the drive wheels 53. The distance traveled by the traveling unit 5 along the rail R is measured by the drive control unit 531. This measured value can be recorded in the storage unit 45 of the light receiving unit 4.

  The value measured by the drive control unit 531 is replaced with the position of the rail R in the extending direction (X direction). The light receiving position detected by the PSD element unit 41 at that position is recorded in the storage unit 45 as a displacement in the width direction (Y direction) and vertical direction (Z direction) of the rail R.

  In short, in step S5, measurement by the light receiving unit 4 is performed while the traveling unit 5 is traveling. Then, after moving the light receiving part 4 by a distance L (= 5 m), the moving frame part 3 is unlocked, and the laser device 2 is moved by L / 2 as shown in the middle figure of FIG. Advance along R.

  This movement of the laser device 2 is called refilling (step S6). In the replacement, the arrangement of the orbital displacement measuring device 1 in steps S1 to S4 is performed again at the position where the laser device 2 is advanced.

  Then, the measurement by the light receiving unit 4 while traveling the traveling unit 5 is performed again (step S5). In the second measurement, the first half (L / 2) measurement result overlaps with the first measurement result.

  If the rail R is composed only of straight lines, there is no need to overlap the measurement ranges in this way, but there are curved and cant portions on the track, so by repeating the measurement that overlaps the measurement ranges before and after half Also, the measurement is performed on the curved part of the orbit.

  In addition, by applying a filter (high-pass filter) that allows only a wavelength of 20 m or less to pass through the measured orbital displacement, it is possible to remove the influence of curves and cants.

  It is known that the wavelength characteristic of orbital displacement is approximately 50 m or less (see FIG. 2 of JP-A-2003-255821). On the other hand, the effects of curves and cants appear at wavelengths longer than 20m. The wavelength of the orbital displacement that affects riding comfort and running safety is mainly 20 m or less.

  For this reason, by applying a high-pass filter that passes only wavelengths of 20 m or less to the measured track displacement, only waveforms that have an effect on ride comfort and driving safety are removed. It can be taken out.

  Replacement of one rail R is repeated a predetermined number of times or until a predetermined length of the track is measured. And after the measurement of the 1st rail R is complete | finished, the track | orbit displacement measuring apparatus 1 is moved to the 2nd rail R parallel to it (step S7).

  Then, Steps S1 to S6 are repeated for the second rail R, and the same range (X-direction range) as that of the first rail R is measured. In this way, the displacement in the width direction (Y direction) and the vertical direction (Z direction) of each track is obtained for two parallel rails R and R in the range (X direction) in which the track displacement is to be measured. be able to.

  If the three-dimensional displacement data of the left and right rails R and R is obtained in this way, it is possible to calculate any orbital displacements of height displacement, passage displacement, inter-gauge displacement, level displacement, and planar displacement. .

Next, the operation of the orbital displacement measuring apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment will be described.
In the orbital displacement measuring apparatus 1 of the present embodiment configured as described above, the laser apparatus 2 having the irradiation unit 21 of the laser light S is fixed on one rail R. Then, the laser in the cross section (YZ plane) substantially orthogonal to the extending direction (X direction) of the rail R is obtained by the planar PSD element portion 41 of the light receiving section 4 attached to the traveling section 5 that runs independently on the same rail R. The light receiving position of the light S is detected.

  For this reason, the vertical and horizontal displacements of one rail R can be measured directly and quickly. And by measuring with respect to each of the left and right rails R, R, height displacement, street displacement, gauge displacement, level displacement and flatness displacement can be calculated at a time.

  Further, in the track displacement measuring apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment, since the track displacement of each rail R, R is directly measured, the management accuracy can be improved, and for example, it can be managed in units of 0.1 mm.

  Furthermore, the actual track shape can be obtained by measuring the track displacement of the rail R by the track displacement measuring device 1. As a result, it becomes possible to grasp the orbital displacement of a short wavelength of about 0.5 m-5 m (frequency about 15 Hz-150 Hz), which is difficult to measure in the past, in units of 0.1 mm.

  Short-wavelength, short-period track displacement may indicate abrupt deformations such as local settlement or floatation, and these deformations that have a large impact on high-speed railways such as the Shinkansen. By detecting, it becomes possible to perform quick and accurate management.

  In addition, if the laser device 2 having the irradiation unit 21 fixed on the rail R at the time of measurement is attached to the moving frame unit 3 for moving along the rail R, the refilling operation of the laser device 2 can be performed quickly. It can be carried out.

  Furthermore, if the laser device 2 has the level 22, adjustment for irradiating the laser light S horizontally can be easily performed by operating the adjusting unit 23 while viewing the level 22. .

In the method for measuring the orbital displacement of the present embodiment, the measurement of the second rail R that is substantially parallel to the first rail R after being measured by the light receiving unit 4 by running the traveling unit 5 is also the same. To do.
For this reason, the vertical and horizontal displacements of the left and right rails R, R can be measured directly and quickly.

  Furthermore, the orbital displacement measuring device 1 is arranged by the procedure of positioning in the extending direction (X direction) of the rail R of the laser device 2 having the irradiation unit 21, horizontal adjustment of the laser light S, and adjustment of the light receiving position of the laser light S , Accurate settings can be made in a short time.

  Then, the arrangement of the orbital displacement measuring device 1 is repeated so that the measurement range overlaps (for example, the overlapping distance is L / 2) after the traveling unit 5 has traveled a predetermined distance (for example, L = 5 m). The measurement can be reliably performed even in the curved portion.

  The embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail above with reference to the drawings. However, the specific configuration is not limited to this embodiment, and design changes that do not depart from the gist of the present invention are not limited to this embodiment. Included in the invention.

  For example, in the above-described embodiment, the moving frame portion 3 having no driving wheel has been described as the moving means portion. It can also be possible moving means.

  Moreover, although the light receiving part 4 provided with the memory | storage part 45 was demonstrated in the said embodiment, it is not limited to this, The memory | storage part may be provided in the traveling part. Further, the measured data may be transmitted and recorded in a storage unit installed at a position separated by radio.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Orbital displacement measuring apparatus 2 Laser apparatus 21 Irradiation part 22 Level 3 Movement frame part (movement means part)
4 Light-receiving part 41 PSD element part (light position detection part)
5 Traveling part 53 Driving wheel S Laser light R Rail L Distance

Claims (6)

An orbital displacement measuring device for measuring orbital displacement,
A laser beam irradiation unit fixed to one rail;
A traveling unit that independently runs on the same rail as the irradiation unit;
A light receiving part attached to the traveling part,
The light receiving section has a light position detecting section which is planar in a cross section substantially perpendicular to the extending direction of the rail and capable of detecting the light receiving position of the laser light. .   The orbital displacement measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the irradiation unit is attached to a moving unit for moving along the rail.   The orbital displacement measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the irradiation unit includes a level. A method for measuring orbital displacement using the orbital displacement measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
Disposing the orbital displacement measuring device on a first rail and detecting the light receiving position by the light position detecting unit while traveling the traveling unit in a direction away from the irradiation unit;
The track displacement measuring device is arranged on a second rail that is substantially parallel to the first rail, and the light position detection unit detects the light receiving position while the traveling unit is traveling in a direction away from the irradiation unit. And a step of measuring the orbital displacement.   5. The arrangement of the orbital displacement measuring device includes positioning of the irradiation unit in the extending direction of the rail, horizontal adjustment of the laser light, and adjustment of a light receiving position of the laser light in the light receiving unit. Measuring method of orbital displacement described in 1. The arrangement of the orbital displacement measuring device is repeated with respect to the same rail after the traveling unit has traveled a predetermined distance,
6. The method of measuring a trajectory displacement according to claim 5, wherein, in the repetition, the irradiation unit is positioned on a traveled rail of the traveling unit.