JPH1068611A - Displacement measuring apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a displacement measuring apparatus by which a high-accuracy displacement measurement can be performed surely and easily even in a continuous measurement, by which the displacement measurement of a continuously extended measuring place such as a rail face, a floor face, a road surface or the like can be performed with high accuracy, easily and surely by moving either a projector or a photodetector base, which is made small and lightweight and whose costs can be lowered. SOLUTION: A light-receiving face 6 in which a light-receiving point 17 to be hit by light from a projector 2 is installed at a photodetector base 8 which is placed in a position at a distance from the projector 2. A CCD camera 5 which can image the light-receiving face 6 is installed at the photodetector base 8. A personal computer 16 which is used as a light-receiving position detecting device used to detect the position of the light-receiving point 17 emitting light on the light-receiving face 6 by receiving a signal to be output from the CCD camera 5 and as a measuring device which computes a displacement amount from the reference point of the light-receiving point 17 on the light-receiving face 6 detected by the light-receiving positioning detecting device and which converts the displacement amount into relative displacement amounts of the position of the projector 2 and that of a photodetector 4 so as to be used as displacement amounts.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to the measurement of distortion and settlement of girders and traveling rails of portal cranes and overhead cranes and the like by suspending and suspending heavy loads, distortion of bridges, distortion of various steel frames and large members, and the like. Slight inclination due to swaying or aging of structures, inclination / undulation of pavement road surface, inclination / undulation of floor surface of floor where large driving device such as large turbine installed in power plant is installed, The present invention relates to a displacement measurement device applied to measurement of a wide range of displacement such as amplitude and period.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art An example of measuring displacement of distortion of a girder traveling on a traveling rail of a portal crane will be described. conventionally,
A scaled sign is attached to the center of the girder of the portal crane, and the line of sight of the ground-based measurement telescope is aligned with the reference point of the sign. A rated load of 40 is applied to the hook at the lower end of the wire extending downward from the trolley running along the girder.
A heavy load of about t is suspended, and the trolley travels along the girder as it is. An operator visually observes the sign with a telescope, visually measures a deviation between a line of sight of the telescope due to traveling of the trolley and a reference point of the sign, and measures distortion of the girder. As described above, in the measurement by the visual observation of the operator, it is difficult to measure a subtle difference, and a measurement error easily occurs. Further, in the measurement by visual observation, it is not possible to measure the displacement that continuously changes with the traveling of the trolley. Furthermore, it takes time and effort to adjust the line of sight of the telescope to the reference point of the sign.

[0003]

A first object to be solved by the present invention is to solve these problems of the prior art, and to perform high-precision displacement measurement easily and reliably, and to perform continuous measurement. It is an object of the present invention to provide a displacement measuring device which can be made smaller, lighter, and lower in manufacturing cost. Second
The problem is to make it possible to move either the emitter or the receiver base, and to easily and reliably measure the displacement of a continuously extending measurement point such as a rail surface, floor surface, or road surface with high accuracy. is there.

[0004]

Means for Solving the Problems The constitution of the present invention which has solved the above problems is as follows: 1) A light receiving surface, at which a light receiving point irradiated with light from the light emitter emits light, is placed on a light receiver stand placed at a position distant from the light emitter. A light receiving position for detecting a position of a light receiving point that emits light on the light receiving surface in response to a signal output from the image input device; Providing a detecting device, calculating a change amount of a light receiving point on the light receiving surface detected by the light receiving position detecting device from a reference point, and converting the change amount into a relative displacement of a position between the light emitting device and the light receiving device. 2) A displacement measuring device according to 1) above, wherein either the light emitter or the light receiver is movable 3) The light sensor or the light receiver With self-propelled equipment The displacement measurement device described in 2) above, which is movable 4) The displacement measurement device described in any one of 1) to 3) above, wherein a CCD camera is used as an image input device 5) Fogged glass is used as a light receiving surface and used as an image input device The displacement measuring device described in 4) above, wherein the CCD camera is disposed behind the frosted glass. 6) The displacement measuring device described in any of 1) to 5) above, in which the light receiving surface is set up substantially vertically. The displacement measuring device according to any one of 1) to 6) above, wherein a screw leg for adjusting the height is provided, and a level is provided on the light receiver base.

[0005]

According to the present invention, distortion and subsidence of traveling rails such as portal cranes and overhead cranes, sideways collapse due to bridge distortion and wind pressure, distortion of various steel frames and large members, and deflection of high structures due to wind (chimneys) Etc.), when measuring continuously expanding measurement points such as slopes and undulations of paved roads and floors, measurement of floor shapes of large tanks, etc.
In the case of measuring the girder such as an overhead crane by suspending a heavy load, measuring the inclination / strain of a structure, and measuring vibration, etc., the projector and receiver of the present invention are installed. The state is slightly different.

In the case of performing the former measurement, one of the light emitter and the light receiver is mounted or fixed on a member which moves the measuring point, or the light emitter or the light receiver is provided with a self-propelled device, Alternatively, one of the light receiver units is moved along the upper surface of the measurement location. In addition, the light-emitter or light-receiver base that is not movable is installed so as to face the light-emitter or light-receiver base that is movable, and the light of the light emitter is applied to the light-receiving surface of the light-receiver base to emit light at a light-receiving point. The position of the light receiving point that emits light on the light receiving surface in the initial setting is the reference point of the light receiving point.
The light receiving surface from which the light receiving point emits light is input to the image input device,
In response to a signal output from the image input device, the light receiving position detecting device sequentially detects the position of the light receiving point where light is emitted on the light receiving surface. Measure the movable sender or receiver by gradually moving the movable side away from the non-moving sender or receiver base, or gradually approaching it from the opposite position. Move over the spot. If the light passes through the distortion / deformation of the measurement point during the movement, the light emitter and the light receiver stand move relative to each other in the vertical, horizontal, and oblique directions, and the light receiving point that emits light on the light receiving surface moves. The change in the light receiving point is calculated by a measuring device to calculate the amount of displacement from the reference point, and the amount of displacement is converted to the relative displacement of the position between the light emitter and the light receiver base to automatically measure the amount of displacement.

When performing the latter measurement, one of the transmitter and the receiver is fixed to a measuring point such as a girder, a structure, or a vibrating object of a crane, and the other is other than a girder, a structure, or a vibrating object. Place or fix at a position where the vibration of the vibrating object is not transmitted. Naturally, the light of the light emitter is opposed to the light receiving surface of the light receiver so that the light is emitted. This allows the image input device and the light-receiving position detecting device to measure the movement or blur of the light-receiving point that emits light on the light-receiving surface due to the vibration of the structure or the vibration of the vibrating object due to the crane girder distortion or wind, etc. The displacement is automatically measured by the device.

[0008]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS In the present invention, the light receiving surface is generally provided perpendicular to the light receiver base. However, it is preferable that the light from the light emitter be provided at right angles to the light receiving surface. In some cases. The light receiving surface is generally a flat surface, but may be a curved surface. As the light receiving surface, white turbid glass is generally used, but a translucent plastic plate or cloth material may be used. Alternatively, in addition to the above, there is also a case where a material which is processed on the front or back surface of the transparent body so that the portion emits light when hit by the light of the projector is used. Further, a non-translucent member may be used. The light receiving point emitting light on the light receiving surface may be a visible point or a non-visible point. It is desirable to use a CCD camera as the image input device because it can reduce the size, weight, and manufacturing cost. When the light receiving surface is transmissive and the light receiving point emits light on the back side of the light receiving surface, the CCD camera is generally installed behind the light receiving surface. Good. If the light receiving surface is non-transmissive, it is naturally installed diagonally in front of the light receiving surface. It is desirable that the light projector emits a laser beam, but a light projector that emits ordinary light in a spot shape may be used. It is desirable that the moving device provided in the light emitter or the light receiver stand be a self-propelled type. As for the operation of the self-propelled mobile device, a remote control type is suitable for remote operation. It is desirable to provide a level and a screw leg for height adjustment on the light receiver base.

[0009]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. Embodiment 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 6 is an example in which a signal from a CCD camera is transmitted to a measuring device by radio waves to measure the displacement of a traveling rail of a portal crane. Embodiment 2 shown in FIG. 7 is an example in which a signal from a CCD camera is sent to a measuring device by wire to measure the displacement of a traveling rail of a portal crane.
Embodiment 3 shown in FIG. 8 is an example in which the displacement of the strain of the girder of the portal crane is measured. Example 4 shown in FIGS.
Is an example in which a photodetector is installed on a movable platform that is operated by a remote control, and travels on a pavement road at a measurement location, and displacement of road surface distortion is measured. FIG. 11 shows another example of a light receiver having a light receiving surface inclined.

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a measurement situation in the first embodiment, FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing the internal structure of a light receiver and a projector and a measuring device in the first embodiment, and FIG. 3 is a displacement in the first embodiment. FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing the flow of image processing in the first embodiment, FIG. 5 is a vertical displacement graph measured in the first embodiment, and FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing the first embodiment. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing a measurement situation in the second embodiment, FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing a measurement situation in the third embodiment, and FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a measurement situation in the fourth embodiment. FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram showing a light receiving device, a light projecting device, and a measuring device according to a fourth embodiment, and FIG. 11 is an example of another light receiving device.

Embodiment 1 (see FIGS. 1 to 6) In FIGS. 1 to 6, 1 is a displacement measuring device, 2 is a light projector capable of irradiating a laser beam 2a from 50 m to 100 m, and 2a is a laser beam emitted from the same light projector 2. , 4 is height 120mm, width 120mm, length 300m with open front and back
The light receiving surface is formed by erecting white opaque glass on the front of a box-shaped light receiving base 8 of about m, and a CCD camera 5 and a battery for the CCD camera 5 are provided at the position of the light receiving base 8 behind the light receiving surface 6. 7
5 is a CCD camera, 5a is an antenna of the CCD camera 5, 6 is a light receiving surface using opaque glass, 7 is a battery of the CCD camera 5, 8 is a light receiver 4
9 is a height-adjusting screw foot provided at the four corners on the lower surface of the receiver base 8, 12 is a handle, 13 is a T-type level installed on the upper surface of the receiver base 8, and 15 is a small TV, 16 is a personal computer which also serves as a light receiving position detecting device and a measuring device, 17 is a light receiving point where the laser beam 2a from the projector 2 is projected on the light receiving surface 6, and 18 is projected on the light receiving surface 6 at the time of initial setting. Reference point of light receiving point 17 with reference to light receiving point 17, 2
Numeral 0 denotes a gate crane, 21 denotes a traveling rail of the gate crane 20, 22 denotes a girder traveling on the traveling rail 21, 2
4 is a wire, 25 is a hook provided at the lower end of the wire 24, and 26 is an inspection path of the portal crane 20.

In the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 6, the displacement measuring device 1 measures the displacement of the traveling rail 21 of the portal crane 20 due to distortion and deformation. As shown in FIG. 1, the displacement measuring device 1 controls the projector 2 to project the laser beam 2 a along the traveling rail 21 of the portal crane 20.
It is installed in the inspection path 26 of. The light receiver 4 is provided with a level 13
Adjust the height adjusting screw legs 9 while watching the
The laser beam 2a of the light emitting device 2 is placed horizontally on the girder 22 of the light receiving device 4, and is opposed to the light emitting device 2 so that the laser beam 2a of the light emitting device 2 crosses the center of the light receiving surface 6 of the light receiving device 4 at right angles. CCD in light receiver 4
It also functions as a light receiving point position detecting device that receives a signal transmitted by radio waves from the camera 5 and detects the position of the light receiving point 17 projected on the light receiving surface 6 and a measuring device that measures the displacement of the light receiving point 17 from the reference point 18. The personal computer 16 and the small TV 15 are installed on the ground.

When the displacement of the traveling rail 21 of the portal crane 20 is measured, the girder 22 of the portal crane 20 is moved to the vicinity of the projector 2, and the girder 22 is moved at a speed of about 0.1 m / sec. 21 to gradually separate the light emitter 2 and the light receiver 4 from each other. Girder 2
When the girder 22 passes through the distorted or deformed portion, the girder 22
Shifts up, down, left and right, and the light receiving point 17 projected in the center of the light receiving surface 6 of the light receiver 4 continuously moves in each of the vertical, horizontal, and oblique directions each time. The moving state of the light receiving point 17 is transmitted to the small TV 15 on the ground by the CCD camera 5 behind the light receiving surface 6 and output to the personal computer 16 via the small TV 15. 21 is measured.

The displacement of the traveling rail 21 continuously calculated by the personal computer 16 is graphed,
Will be displayed on the screen. In this graph, the light receiving surface 6 is shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 5, the displacement in the vertical direction (Y axis) shown in FIG. 5 is based on data obtained by sequentially detecting the coordinates of the position of the center point of the light receiving point 17 on the light receiving surface 6 on the X axis and Y axis coordinate axes. And the graph of the displacement in the horizontal direction (X axis) shown in FIG. 6 are displayed separately. In addition, the moving speed of the girder 22 is previously input to the personal computer 16 as 0.1 m / sec, and the moving distance of the girder 22 is calculated by taking the measuring time for the speed of the girder 22 to obtain the displacement calculated by the personal computer 16. Are calculated. The CCD camera 5 captures an image of the light receiving surface 6 on which the light receiving point 17 is projected, and the personal computer 16 measures the displacement.
The flow of the process is shown in the flowchart shown in FIG. The detailed flow of the image processing in FIG. 3 is shown in the flowchart of FIG. The center point of the light receiving point is calculated by thinning and coordinate detection in the flowchart in FIG.

Embodiment 2 (see FIG. 7) In Embodiment 2 shown in FIG. 7, the small TV 15 and the personal computer 16 installed on the ground in Embodiment 1 are installed on the girder 22 of the portal crane 20. This is an example in which a signal from the CCD camera 5 is sent to the small TV 15 by wire.
The personal computer 16 uses a notebook computer. Other symbols, configurations, functions and effects are the same as those in the first embodiment.

Embodiment 3 (see FIG. 8) In FIG. 8, a wire 28 moves along the girder 22.
Is a heavy load having a rated load of about 40 t. In the third embodiment shown in FIG. 8, the light receiver 4 is fixed on the upper surface at the center position of the girder 22, and the light emitter 2 is positioned on the floor surface so that the light receiving point 17 emits light at the center of the light receiving surface 6 of the light receiver 4. , And the small-sized TV 15 and the personal computer 16 are also installed on the floor, and the displacement measuring device 1 is installed. Thereafter, a heavy load 29 of about 40 t is hung on the hook, and the trolley 28 is attached to the girder 22.
Along the edge of the girder from the left end to the right end, and measure the displacement of the strain in the vertical direction of the girder. Other symbols, configurations, functions and effects are the same as those in the first embodiment.

Embodiment 4 (see FIGS. 9 and 10) In FIGS. 9 and 10, reference numeral 30 denotes a mobile platform which is operated by remote control.
30a is a car, 31 is a remote controller, 32 is an antenna extending from the mobile platform 30, 33 is a road surface, and 34 is an operator. The third embodiment shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 is an example in which the displacement of the distortion of the road surface 33 of the pavement road is measured.
Is fixed on the upper surface of the moving table 30, and the remote controller 3
By moving the light receiver 4 gradually from the light emitter 2 mounted on the road surface 33 by the operation 1, the light receiving device 4 is moved on the road surface at the measurement location, and the displacement of the inclination / undulation of the road surface is measured.
Other symbols, configurations, functions and effects are the same as those in the first embodiment.

An example of another light receiver (see FIG. 11) In another example of the light receiver shown in FIG. 11, the white opaque glass is erected at the rear position of the light receiver base 8 in a state where it is inclined forward. The light receiving surface 6 is formed, and the CCD camera 5 is provided on the light receiving base 8 at a position slightly away from the light receiving surface 6, and the front surface of the light receiving surface 6 on which the light receiving point 17 is projected is input by the CCD camera 5. It is an example. In this case, the light receiving surface 6 can use a non-translucent member instead of the white opaque glass used as the light receiving surface 6. Further, a mirror-like body may be used instead of the cloudy glass. Other symbols, configurations, functions and effects are the same as those of the second embodiment.

[0019]

According to the present invention, the light from the light emitter is applied to the light receiving surface of the light receiver to emit light, and the displacement is measured from the movement of the light receiving point to emit light.
Displacement measurement can be performed easily and reliably with high accuracy. Further, since the image on the light receiving surface is picked up and input by the image input device from a position away from the light receiving surface, the size of the image input device can be reduced, the weight can be reduced, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced. Furthermore, if either the emitter or the receiver stand is moved, the girder of a portal crane, traveling rail, pavement road surface, floor surface, etc., can be easily and reliably connected even where the measurement points extend continuously. Measurement can be performed with high accuracy, and the measurement application is wide and excellent in versatility. According to the fourth and fifth aspects of the present invention, since the CCD camera is used as the image input device, the size and weight can be reduced and the device can be easily handled, thereby improving workability. In addition, the use of a CCD camera has simplified the configuration and reduced production costs.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a measurement situation in a first embodiment.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an internal structure of a light receiver, a light projector, and a measurement device according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a flow of a process of measuring displacement in the first embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a flow of image processing according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a vertical displacement graph measured in Example 1.

FIG. 6 is a lateral displacement graph measured in Example 1.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a measurement situation in the second embodiment.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing a measurement situation in the third embodiment.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a measurement situation in the fourth embodiment.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a light receiver, a light projector, and a measurement device according to a fourth embodiment.

FIG. 11 is an example of another light receiver.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Displacement measuring device 2 Projector 2a Laser beam 3 Missing number 4 Light receiving device 5 CCD camera 5a Antenna 6 Light receiving surface 7 Battery 8 Light receiving device stand 9 Height adjusting screw legs 10 Missing number 11 Missing number 12 Handle 13 Leveler 14 Missing number 15 Small TV 16 Personal computer 17 Receiving point 18 Reference point 19 Missing number 20 Gate crane 21 Running rail 22 Girder 23 Missing number 24 Wire 25 Hook 26 Inspection path 27 Missing number 28 Trolley 29 Heavy load 30 Moving table 30a Car 31 Remote controller 32 Antenna 33 Road surface 34 Worker

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A light-receiving surface, at which a light-receiving point irradiated with light from the light-emitting device emits light, is provided on a light-receiving device placed at a position distant from the light-emitting device, and an image is taken at a position away from the light-receiving surface on the light-receiving device. An image input device, a light receiving position detecting device that receives a signal output from the image input device and detects a position of a light receiving point that emits light on the light receiving surface, and the light receiving surface detected by the light receiving position detecting device is provided. Measuring the amount of change of the light-receiving point from the reference point in (a) and converting the amount of change into a relative displacement of the position of the light-emitting device and the light-receiving device to obtain a displacement amount. apparatus. 2. The displacement measuring device according to claim 1, wherein one of the light emitter and the light receiver is movable. 3. The displacement measuring device according to claim 2, wherein the projector or the light receiver is provided with a self-propelled device and is movable. 4. The displacement measuring device according to claim 1, wherein a CCD camera is used as the image input device. 5. The displacement measuring apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the frosted glass is used as a light receiving surface, and a CCD camera used as an image input device is arranged behind the frosted glass. 6. The light receiving surface according to claim 1, wherein said light receiving surface is provided substantially vertically.
The displacement measuring device according to any one of the above. 7. The displacement measuring device according to claim 1, wherein a height adjusting screw leg is provided on the light receiver base, and a level is provided on the light receiver base.