JP2016532639A - 薬物を負荷した二重特異性リガンド標的化ミニ細胞およびインターフェロン−γを用いた併用腫瘍治療 - Google Patents
薬物を負荷した二重特異性リガンド標的化ミニ細胞およびインターフェロン−γを用いた併用腫瘍治療 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
現在、癌治療に使用されるほとんどの薬物が全身投与されている。細胞傷害性抗癌薬の全身送達は、癌治療に決定的な役割を果たすが、それはまた重大な問題を産む。例えば、投与される薬剤への正常な組織/器官の全身暴露は重篤な毒性を引き起こすおそれがある。これは、全身送達される癌化学療法薬が多くの場合、薬物のバイオアベイラビリティの低さを克服するために極めて高用量で、患者内に大きな分布体積で送達されなければならないという事実によって悪化する。また、全身薬物投与は、主要血管に留置カテーテルを必要とする場合が多いので侵襲的と言える。全身薬物投与は多くの場合、末梢または中枢いずれかの静脈の使用を必要とすることから、静脈炎などの局部的合併症を引き起こし得る。また、薬物の管外遊出も、ビンカアルカロイドおよびアントラサイクリンの投与時に一般に見られるものなど、投与局部に水疱/組織損傷を招くことがある。
本発明者らは、抗新生物薬を負荷した二重特異性抗体標的化ミニ細胞による癌療法を受けている動物は、その動物が並行ウイルス感染を受けている場合に、薬物に対してより大きな抗腫瘍応答を示すことを発見した。さらなる検討により、この文脈で抗癌薬の治療効力に見られる増強は、投与された薬物負荷二重特異性抗体標的化ミニ細胞の腫瘍死滅能と、それ自体、ウイルス感染が誘発したインターフェロン−γ(IFN−γまたはIFNγ)の発現の増強による、腫瘍細胞に対して活性化された宿主免疫応答との間の共力作用から生じることが明らかになった。
そうではないことが定義されない限り、本明細書で使用される総ての技術用語および科学用語は、関連分野の熟練者に一般に理解されているものと同様の意味を有する。
本開示は、発明者らの発見と一致して、細菌由来および無傷ミニ細胞または無傷死滅細菌細胞は、IFN−γのレベルを増強する薬剤とともに腫瘍患者に投与した場合、ミニ細胞または死滅細菌細胞が単独で投与される場合よりも驚くほど大きい治療効力を達成し得るという実験的証拠に反映され、それにより具現化される。
「抗新生物薬」という句は、新生細胞の増殖、発生、成熟、または拡散を防ぐまたは阻害する、化学的薬物であれ生物学的薬物であれ、薬物を表す。
「放射性核種」は、不安定な核、すなわち、核内で新たに作り出された放射性粒子または原子の電子に付与されるべく利用可能な余剰エネルギーを特徴とするものを有する原子である。従って、放射性核種は放射減衰を受け、γ線および/または原子以下の粒子を放出する。多くの放射性核種が当技術分野で公知であり、イットリウム−90、テクネチウム−99m、ヨウ素−123、ヨウ素−124、ヨウ素−125、ヨウ素−131、ルビジウム−82、タリウム−201、ガリウム−67、フッ素−18、キセノン−133、およびインジウム−111などのそのうちいくつかは、医学的使用に好適であることが知られている。
本開示に使用される抗新生物薬はまた、化学療法薬であり得る。本明細書では、「化学療法薬」、「化学療法剤」、および「化学療法」は、新生細胞を死滅または破壊する能力を有する薬物を意味して互換的に使用される。化学療法薬は、以下にさらに詳説されるように、小分子薬または生物薬であり得る。
「機能性核酸」は、宿主細胞に導入した際に、あるタンパク質の発現を特異的に妨げる核酸分子を意味する。腫瘍の処置に関して、本開示によれば、無傷細菌由来ミニ細胞を介して腫瘍細胞に送達される機能性核酸積載物は、腫瘍細胞増殖、血管新生もしくは化学療法耐性を促進する、かつ/またはアポトーシスもしくは細胞周期の停止を阻害する遺伝子;すなわち、「腫瘍増進遺伝子」を阻害することが好ましい。
本開示の組成物および方法は、特定の種類に限定されず、多様な腫瘍タイプの処置に有用である。これは、ミニ細胞または死滅細菌細胞が種々の抗新生物薬を封入することができ、特に、異なる腫瘍細胞に特異的な二重特異性リガンドと結合させた場合に異なる腫瘍タイプの細胞を標的とすることができるからである。加えて、IFN−γと組み合わせたミニ細胞または死滅細菌細胞の能力は、いずれの腫瘍細胞に対する免疫応答も刺激することができると思われる。
「ミニ細胞」は、染色体を欠き(「染色体不含」)、かつ、二分裂の際にDNA分離に伴い細胞分裂の協調が乱されることによって生じる細菌細胞の誘導体を意味する。ミニ細胞は、特定の状況で自発的に生成および放出されるが特定の遺伝子再配列またはエピソーム遺伝子発現によるものではない、いわゆる「膜ブレブ」(約0.2μm以下の大きさ)などの他の小型の小胞とは異なる。同様に、無傷ミニ細胞は、特定の遺伝子再配列またはエピソーム遺伝子発現によって生じるものではない、細菌ゴーストとは異なる。本開示で使用される細菌由来ミニ細胞は完全に無傷であり、従って、外膜または画定膜が破壊または分解され、さらには除去されることを特徴とする細菌細胞誘導体の他の染色体不含形態とは区別される。米国特許第7,183,105号 第111段落の第54行以下を参照。本開示のミニ細胞を特徴付ける無傷膜は、積載物が放出されて腫瘍細胞内に事後取り込みされるまで、ミニ細胞内への治療用積載物の保持を可能とする。
核酸によりコードされ得るタンパク質および機能性核酸などの抗新生物薬は、抗新生物薬をコードするプラスミドなどのベクターを親細菌細胞に導入することによってミニ細胞に導入することができる。ミニ細胞が親細菌細胞から形成される場合、そのミニ細胞は特定コピーのプラスミドおよび/または発現産物、すなわち、抗新生物薬を保持する。ミニ細胞における発現産物の封入に関する詳細はWO03/033519に示されており、その内容は引用することによりその総てが本明細書の一部とされる。
本開示のさらなる態様によれば、組成物のミニ細胞または死滅細菌細胞は、上記のように、リガンドを介して標的哺乳動物腫瘍細胞に向けられる。いくつかの実施形態では、リガンドは「二重特異性」である。すなわち、リガンドは、リガンドが所与の小胞を標的細胞に結合させ、それにより標的細胞が小胞を取り込むように、ミニ細胞と哺乳動物(腫瘍)細胞の両方の成分に特異性を示す。ミニ細胞を腫瘍細胞に標的化するための二重特異性リガンドの使用は、WO05/056749およびWO05/079854にさらに記載され、死滅細菌細胞を腫瘍細胞に標的化するための二重特異性リガンドの使用は、米国特許第8,591,862号にさらに記載され、それらの内容は引用することによりその総てが本明細書の一部とされる。このようなリガンドがひと度、小胞と結合すれば、リガンドの占有されていない特異性(「単一特異性」)は、そのリガンドが標的(腫瘍)哺乳動物細胞と相互作用するまで適合状態となる。
いずれにしても、成分との相互作用が標的細胞表面からのサイトゾル内部移行を必要とするエンドサイトーシス経路に事実上接近すれば、所与の標的細胞表面成分は、本発明に従えば、リガンドによる結合のための候補であり得る。このような候補は、その表面に候補成分を提示する細胞種がその候補と結合しかつまた蛍光色素または例えば共焦点顕微鏡により視覚的に検出され得る他のマーカーにと連結されたリガンドを保持するミニ細胞とともに同時にインキュベートされるアッセイにより、本発明における適性に関して容易に評価される(この種のin vitroアッセイは、MacDiarmid et al. (2007)の436頁の図3の凡例に記載されている)。よって、観察されるマーカーの内部移行は、このようなアッセイによる、試験した標的細胞表面成分が本発明に好適であるという肯定的な示唆をなす。
本組成物および方法は、患者におけるIFN−γのレベル(例えば、活性または発現レベル)を高める薬剤をさらに含み得る。
本開示の組成物の処方物は、例えば、アンプルもしくはバイアルなどの単位投与形で、または保存剤を添加したもしくは添加しない複数用量容器で提供することができる。処方物は油性または水性ビヒクル中の溶液、懸濁液、またはエマルションであり得、沈澱防止剤、安定剤および/または分散剤などの処方剤を含み得る。好適な溶液はレシピエントの血液と等張であり、生理食塩水、リンゲル液、およびデキストロース溶液により例示される。あるいは、処方物は、好適なビヒクル、例えば、無菌の発熱性物質除去水または生理食塩水で再構成するための凍結乾燥形態であり得る。処方物はまた、デポー製剤の形態であり得る。このような長期作用処方物は、移植(例えば、皮下または筋肉内)によってまたは筋肉内注射によって投与することができる。
本実施例は、薬物が負荷されたミニ細胞による処置を受けているイヌにおける脳腫瘍体積の減少がインターフェロン−γ(IFNγ)の発現レベルと相関したことを示す。従って、本実施例は、IFN−γは薬物が負荷されたミニ細胞の有効性を高めることを示唆する。必要とされるIFN−γは低量であることを考えれば、本実施例はさらに、IFN−γと薬物が負荷された二重特異性抗体標的化ミニ細胞の間の共力作用を示唆する。
ドキソルビシンが封入されたイヌEGFR標的化ミニ細胞の調製および投与
ミニ細胞は、チフス菌(Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium)(S. typhimurium)のminCDE染色体欠失突然変異株に由来し、精製され、ドキソルビシン(dox)が封入され、かつ、抗ミニ細胞表面O−多糖特異性と抗イヌEGFR特異性を含んでなる二重特異性モノクローナル抗体(MAb)の結合によって標的化された(EGFRミニ細胞Doxと呼称)。
腫瘍撮像は、Philips 1.5T Achievaスキャナを用いてSpecialist磁気共鳴イメージングで行った。このプロトコールでは、8チャネル頭部用コイルまたは8チャネル膝用コイルをイヌの大きさに応じて使用した(小型犬では膝用コイルを用いた)。
ミニ細胞投与前に採血し、獣医診療所から直接、血清を収集した。IFN−γの測定は、Development SystemからのイヌIFN−γ DuoSet ELISAキット(#DY781B)を製造者の説明書に従って用い、2反復で行った。
結果は、ミニ細胞処置を受けている3個体のイヌにおける腫瘍体積の変化に関して、図1A〜1Cに示す。線グラフは腫瘍測定値(左のy軸=容積(mm3)または最大径(mm))をミニ細胞の用量数(x軸)の関数として表す。×印は、腫瘍が視認され磁気共鳴画像法(MRI)により測定された用量数を表す。
本実施例は、二重特異性リガンド標的化およびドキソルビシン封入無傷ミニ細胞とIFN−γによる併用処置が、6週齢雌無胸腺ヌードマウスに確立されたヒト肺胞腺癌腫瘍異種移植片の退縮を果たし得ることを示す。
および細胞培養培地中へのBsAbの分泌のためのシグナルペプチドを含む。BsAbをコードする発現ベクターは、化学的に定義されたタンパク質および動物起源不含培地中の懸濁に適応したチャイニーズハムスター卵巣(CHO)細胞に安定にトランスフェクトされ、このタンパク質は培養10日間にわたって発現される。
長さ(mm)×幅(mm2)×0.5=体積(mm3)
を用いて計算した。
本実施例は、二重特異性リガンド標的化およびドキソルビシン封入無傷ミニ細胞とIFN−γによる併用処置が6週齢の雌無胸腺ヌードマウスに確立されたヒト乳房腫瘍異種移植片の退縮を果たし得ることを示す。
この実施例は、二重特異性リガンド標的化およびドキソルビシン封入無傷ミニ細胞とIFN−γによる併用処置が、6週齢の雌無胸腺ヌードマウスに確立されたヒト乳房腫瘍異種移植片の大サイズの腫瘍(約250mm3)であっても退縮を果たし得ることを示す。
本実施例は、二重特異性リガンド標的化およびドキソルビシン封入無傷ミニ細胞とIFN−γによる併用処置が、6週齢の雌無胸腺ヌードマウスに確立されたヒト乳房腫瘍異種移植片の極めて大サイズ(約250mm3〜600mm3)の腫瘍であっても退縮を果たし得ることを示す。
本実施例は、二重特異性リガンド標的化およびドキソルビシン封入無傷ミニ細胞と2種類の異なる用量レベルのIFN−γによる併用処置が、6週齢雌無胸腺ヌードマウスに確立されたヒト肺胞腺癌異種移植片の退縮を果たし得ることを示す。
Claims (16)
- 対象において腫瘍を処置するための方法であって、複数の細菌由来無傷ミニ細胞または無傷死滅細菌細胞を含んでなり、そのそれぞれが抗新生物薬を包含しかつその表面に非食作用哺乳動物細胞表面受容体に特異性を有するリガンドを保持する第1の組成物と、インターフェロン−γ(IFN−γ)または対象においてIFN−γの発現を増強する薬剤を含んでなる第2の組成物とを前記対象に投与することを含んでなる、方法。
- 第2の組成物が精製されたIFN−γタンパク質を含んでなる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 第2の組成物がウイルスワクチンを含んでなる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 第2の組成物がIFN−γをコードする核酸を含んでなる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 第1の組成物が約109〜約1010のミニ細胞または死滅細菌細胞を含んでなる、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 抗新生物薬が放射性核種である、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 抗新生物薬が化学療法薬である、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 化学療法薬が約900ダルトン未満の分子量を有する小分子薬である、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 小分子薬が細胞傷害性である、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 小分子薬がモルホリニルアントラサイクリン誘導体である、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 小分子薬がPNU−159682である、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記抗新生物薬が機能性核酸または機能性核酸をコードするポリヌクレオチドである、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記機能性核酸が、腫瘍細胞増殖、血管新生もしくは化学療法耐性を促進し、かつ/またはアポトーシスまたは細胞周期の停止を阻害する遺伝子を阻害する、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記機能性核酸がsiRNA、miRNA、shRNA、lincRNA、アンチセンスRNA、またはリボザイムから選択される、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 複数の細菌由来無傷ミニ細胞または無傷死滅細菌細胞を含んでなり、そのそれぞれが抗新生物薬を包含しかつその表面に非食作用哺乳動物細胞表面受容体に特異性を有するリガンドを保持する第1の組成物と、インターフェロン−γ(IFN−γ)または対象においてIFN−γの発現を増強する薬剤を含んでなる第2の組成物とを含んでなるパッケージ、製品、またはキット。
- (a)それぞれ抗新生物薬を包含しかつその表面に非食作用哺乳動物細胞表面受容体に特異性を有するリガンドを保持する複数の細菌由来無傷ミニ細胞または無傷死滅細菌細胞と、(b)インターフェロン−γ(IFN−γ)または対象においてIFN−γの発現を増強する薬剤とを含んでなる組成物。
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP3446710A1 (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2019-02-27 | Glenmark Pharmaceuticals S.A. | Methods of inactivating viral contaminants |
CA3176812A1 (en) | 2018-07-11 | 2020-01-16 | Actym Therapeutics, Inc. | Engineered immunostimulatory bacterial strains and uses thereof |
JP7548911B2 (ja) * | 2019-01-04 | 2024-09-10 | エンジーンアイシー モレキュラー デリバリー ピーティーワイ リミテッド | 腫瘍性疾患の治療のためのカプセル化グリコリピド抗原 |
US12024709B2 (en) | 2019-02-27 | 2024-07-02 | Actym Therapeutics, Inc. | Immunostimulatory bacteria engineered to colonize tumors, tumor-resident immune cells, and the tumor microenvironment |
CN116234566A (zh) * | 2020-03-24 | 2023-06-06 | 安吉尼科分子传输公司 | 用于治疗和/或预防包括冠状病毒感染的病毒感染的组合物和疫苗及其使用方法 |
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KR20160058885A (ko) | 2016-05-25 |
CA2926161C (en) | 2023-03-14 |
MX2016004285A (es) | 2016-07-08 |
US10500277B2 (en) | 2019-12-10 |
BR112016007100A2 (pt) | 2017-08-01 |
KR102433719B1 (ko) | 2022-08-17 |
US20150098897A1 (en) | 2015-04-09 |
HK1223281A1 (zh) | 2017-07-28 |
CN105658233B (zh) | 2020-09-04 |
AU2014330895A1 (en) | 2016-04-14 |
SG11201602429QA (en) | 2016-04-28 |
IL244851A0 (en) | 2016-05-31 |
IL244851B (en) | 2020-04-30 |
AU2014330895B2 (en) | 2019-08-15 |
EP3052122A4 (en) | 2017-05-17 |
CA2926161A1 (en) | 2015-04-09 |
WO2015049589A1 (en) | 2015-04-09 |
TW201601748A (zh) | 2016-01-16 |
JP6538031B2 (ja) | 2019-07-03 |
TWI737576B (zh) | 2021-09-01 |
EP3052122B1 (en) | 2024-09-25 |
EA201690680A1 (ru) | 2016-07-29 |
CN105658233A (zh) | 2016-06-08 |
US9731011B2 (en) | 2017-08-15 |
US20170326235A1 (en) | 2017-11-16 |
EP3052122A1 (en) | 2016-08-10 |
NZ718148A (en) | 2022-02-25 |
EA032740B1 (ru) | 2019-07-31 |
AP2016009153A0 (en) | 2016-04-30 |
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