JP2016520123A - 粘膜粘着性ポリ−γ−グルタミン酸ナノミセルおよびこれを用いた薬物伝達体 - Google Patents
粘膜粘着性ポリ−γ−グルタミン酸ナノミセルおよびこれを用いた薬物伝達体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2016520123A JP2016520123A JP2016516427A JP2016516427A JP2016520123A JP 2016520123 A JP2016520123 A JP 2016520123A JP 2016516427 A JP2016516427 A JP 2016516427A JP 2016516427 A JP2016516427 A JP 2016516427A JP 2016520123 A JP2016520123 A JP 2016520123A
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Abstract
Description
<1−1>コレステロール−アミンの合成
250mmolのエチレンジアミン(シグマアルドリッチ社製、米国)を250mLのトルエンに溶解させた。この際、氷を用いて温度を低く維持した。2.25gコレステロールを50mLのトルエンに溶解させ、10分間静置した後、前記製造したエチレンジアミン溶液に滴下して混合させ、直ちに室温で16時間撹拌して反応させた。反応が終了した後、脱イオン水を用いて数回洗浄した。前記過程を経てクリーンになった有機層を硫酸マグネシウムを用いて乾燥させ、乾燥した溶液でトルエンを回転蒸発させた。蒸発された試料を20mLのジクロロメタンと20mLのメタノール混合液で数回洗浄し、1マイクロメータのPTFEフィルターを用いて濾過した。濾過したクリーンな溶液をまた回転蒸発させ、白色固体形態のコレステロール−アミン試料を得た。このように得られたコレステロール−アミン試料をもってNMRを用いてコレステロールとアミンの結合程度を確認した。NMR分析結果、約98mol%のアミンが結合されたことを確認した。
ポリ−γ−グルタミン酸(1g、50KDa、Bioleaders社製、韓国)を40℃で10mLのDMSO(10mL)に約一日溶解させた。<1−1>で製造したコレステロール−アミン(1g)を室温で10mLのTHF(Tetrahydrofuran、シグマアルドリッチ社製、米国)に溶解させた。コレステロール−アミン溶液をポリ−γ−グルタミン酸溶液に徐々に滴下し、混合された二つの溶液にCDI(1g)を入れた後、40℃で約一日反応させた。反応された溶液を室温で冷やした後、回転蒸発によりTHFを除去した。
100mgのポリ−γ−グルタミン酸−コレステロール複合体と0.518mLのエチレンジアミンを60mgのカルボニルジイミダゾール(Carbonyldiimidazole)が溶解されている50mLのジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO)で溶解した後、約24時間撹拌する。元素分析(elemental analysis)によりC、N、Hの量を定量化することにより、導入したアミン基の量を定量化した。分析結果、ポリ−γ−グルタミン酸−コレステロール複合体(γ−PGA−Cholesterol)の場合、それぞれ、C(35.16±0.08%)、H(4.87±0.19%)、N(7.40±0.04%)の値を示し、ポリ−γ−グルタミン酸−コレステロールナノミセル(γ−PGA nanomicelles,i.e.,aminated γ−PGA−Cholesterol)の場合は、C(42.41±0.38%)、H(6.95±0.13%)、N(15.90±0.14%))の値を示した。結果として、ポリ−γ−グルタミン酸−コレステロールナノミセルの場合、約28.1mol%のアミン基が置換されていることを確認することができた。
ポリ−γ−グルタミン酸−コレステロールナノミセルを蒸留水に1mg/mLで分散させてDLS(Dynamic Light Scattering、大塚製薬社製、日本)測定結果、図1のb)のように直径が22.1±2.0nmであることを確認し、Cryo−TEMにより分析した結果、図1のc)のように球状のポリ−γ−グルタミン酸−コレステロールナノミセルであることを確認した。また、NMRを用いて分析した結果、コレステロールは1.7mol%、元素分析により確認した結果、約28.1mol%のアミン基が置換されていることを確認することができた。また、動的散乱法を用いて測定した結果、表面電荷は約36.43mVであることを確認することができた。
実施例1で作製したポリ−γ−グルタミン酸−コレステロールナノミセルにOVA(ovalbumin、シグマアルドリッチ社製、米国)を封入するために8mg/mLのナノミセルと10mg/mLのOVAを質量比5:1の割合で混合し、1時間反応を行うと、OVAが封入されたポリ−γ−グルタミン酸−コレステロールナノミセルが作製される。遊離OVAなく100%封入される割合を見出すために、8mg/mLのポリ−γ−グルタミン酸−コレステロールナノミセルと10mg/mLOVAを質量比で2:1から9:1の割合で反応を行い、ポリアクリルアミドゲル(Polyacrylamide gel)(SDS free gel)で実験した結果、5:1の割合で100%封入されたことを確認した。
<4−1>チロシンが導入されたポリ−γ−グルタミン酸−コレステロールナノミセルの製造
ヨウ素は、チロシンのフェノール環に対して高い結合親和力を有することからナノミセル構造にチロシンを結合することでヨウ素を導入することができる。実施例1で製造したポリ−γ−グルタミン酸−コレステロールナノミセルを水に溶解した後、EDC(1−Ethyl−3−[3−dimethylaminopropyl]carbodiimide hydrochloride、シグマアルドリッチ社製、米国)、NHS(N−hydroxysuccinimide、シグマアルドリッチ社製、米国)とチロシンアミド(シグマアルドリッチ社製、米国)を添加してポリ−γ−グルタミン酸のカルボキシル基とチロシンアミドのアミン基とのアミド結合を形成した。透析と凍結乾燥過程を経て未反応物を除去し、パウダー状のナノゲル試料を得ており、ナノミセルに付着されたチロシンは、NMR分析結果、約0、7mole%が導入された。
チロシンが導入されたナノミセルをPBSに溶解して準備し、同位元体イオン溶液(Na123I、ピアス社製、米国)と混合した後、混合液をヨウ素化チューブ内で1時間程度撹拌して室温で反応する。
チロシンが導入されたナノミセルとヨウ素の反応後、最も高い活性の溶出分画を選択して準備し、マウス1匹当たり注入する123I活性を考慮して溶出液をPBSで希釈し、最終濃度は500μg/mLであった。
<5−1>動物および動物免疫化
前記<実施例3>で製造した抗原が封入されたポリ−γ−グルタミン酸−コレステロールナノミセルの生体内(in vivo)での免疫特性を調べるために動物免疫実験を行った。動物実験には、特定の病原菌のない6週齢のメスC57BL/6マウス(coretech社製、韓国)を使用し、すべての動物実験は、忠南大学共同動物実験センターで承認を受けて行った。まず、体重(g)当たり0.01mLの2.5%アバチン(avertin;2,2,2−tribromoethanol−tert−amyl alcohol、シグマアルドリッチ社製、米国)溶液をマウスの腹腔に注入してマウスを麻酔し、20μLの抗原が封入されたポリ−γ−グルタミン酸−コレステロールナノミセルをマウスの両鼻腔に10μLずつ交互に注入した。対照群には、PBSに抗原のみを含んで鼻腔内に注入した。免疫方法は3回免疫化で実施し、各注入の間に7日の間隔で免疫化を実施した。
<実施例5−1>で処理された動物免疫1週間後、目の血管で血液を採取して室温で1時間放置した後、室温で約1時間放置した。そして4℃で遠心分離機を用いて上澄み液のみ分離した。この溶液を用いて抗原特異的なIgG生成を確認した。鼻腔粘液を採取するために3次免疫化の1週間後、頸椎脱骨方法でマウスを犠牲にした後、鼻腔内へ200μLのPBSを注入してまた回収した。この溶液を用いて抗原特異的なIgAを測定した。
<実施例5−1>で処理された動物免疫1週間後、マウスを頸椎脱骨させて犠牲にした。マウスを1グループ当たり5匹ずつを選択してそれぞれのマウスで脾臓を摘出し、滅菌されたペトリ皿に前記脾臓組織を移し、セルストレーナー(cell strainer)を用いて前記脾臓を交換し、組織被膜から細胞を分離した。単一脾臓細胞懸濁液を製造した。マウスIFN−γ ELISpot(Nunc、オランダ)検定は、製造業者の指針に従い行った。ELISpotプレートにIFN−γ抗体(5μg/mL)を添加して一晩中反応させた後、完全培養培地(10%ウシ胎児血清を補充したRPMI)で2時間ブロッキングした。脾臓細胞(5×105)を200μLの総体積で37℃および5%CO2で60時間完全培養培地でペプチド当たり10μL/mLの濃度で刺激させた。次に、洗浄とHRPが結合された2次抗体を2時間処理した後、AEC(3−amino−9−ethyl−carbozole、シグマイルドリッチ社製、米国))に15分間反応させて発色を誘導した後、CTL−免疫スポット読み取り機ユニット(Molecular Devices、米国)でスポットを計数した。入力脾臓細胞当たりスポット形成細胞(spot forming cells;SFC)の平均±標準偏差に相当した。
各グループ別マウス血清での抗体力価測定は、ウイルスに対するHI(Haemagglutination Inhibition)検定により測定した。すべての血清は、コレラ菌(Vibrio cholerae)から抽出したRDE(receptor−destroying enzyme、(デンカ生研社製、日本)を血清サンプルの体積に対して1:10で処理した後、37℃で16時間培養した。血清内非特異的な受容体の活性を除去したサンプルを96ウエルの丸底プレートで25μLずつ順次2進希釈した。第二に、血清サンプルに同一体積の4HAUウイルスを入れ、37℃の培養器で30分間反応させ、最後に0.5%ニワトリ赤血球(tRNA)が含まれたPBSを50μLずつ入れた後、室温で40分間反応させた。力価は、希釈された50μL内で計算された値で、log10N=10NでN値で表記した(図4のd)。
本実施例では、PR8ウイルス抗原が封入されたポリ−γ−グルタミン酸−コレステロールナノミセルの鳥インフルエンザウイルスに対する免疫増強効果を調査するために、インフルエンザウイルスを感染させた実験動物の致死率を検定した。
病原体として使用されたインフルエンザウイルスは、マウスで高病原性を示すH1N1インフルエンザウイルス株(A/Puerto Rico/8/34(H1N1)、韓国生命工学研究院製、韓国)を10〜11日経過した白色産卵鶏の有精卵に接種して増幅した後、実験に使用しており、実験動物としては6週齢のメスC57BL/6マウス(coretech社製、韓国)を使用した。分譲されたウイルスの純粋分離は次のように実施した。1次的に分離したウイルスを抗生剤が入っているPBSに希釈して10日齢の白色産卵鶏の有精卵に接種した後、37℃で48時間静置培養した後、有精卵の液を取り増幅されたウイルスを使用した。卵
対照群としては、インフルエンザウイルスを単独で鼻腔に注入したマウスとPR8ウイルス抗原(M.−S.Lee,A.Hu,Trends Microbiol.20:103、2012)を鼻腔に注入したマウスを使用し、実験群は、PR8ウイルス抗原が封入されたポリ−γ−グルタミン酸−コレステロールナノミセル鼻腔投与した後、翌日インフルエンザウイルスを投与した。ウイルスの感染は、実験動物にアバチンを200μL腹腔投与して麻酔した後、ウイルス30μLを各マウスに鼻腔を介して50%の致死率は有するウイルスの10倍(10xLD50)を投与した。ウイルス感染2週後までマウスの体重を測定してマウスの致死率を検定した。
Claims (11)
- カルボキシル基の一部がアミン基で置換されたポリ−γ−グルタミン酸と親油性化合物の複合体で構成されたナノミセル。
- 親油性化合物は、コレステロールおよびその誘導体、炭素数3〜21個を有する脂肪族化合物(C3−C21)およびベンゼン基を1〜10個含む芳香族化合物からなる群より選択されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のナノミセル。
- ポリ−γ−グルタミン酸は、分子量が1〜15,000kDaであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のナノミセル。
- 次のステップを含むカルボキシル基の一部がアミン基で置換されたポリ−γ−グルタミン酸と親油性化合物の複合体で構成されたナノミセルの製造方法:
(a)ポリグルタミン酸溶液に親油性化合物−アミン複合体溶液を混合してポリグルタミン酸−親油性化合物複合体を製造するステップと、
(b)前記ポリグルタミン酸−親油性化合物複合体にアミン系化合物を処理してポリ−γ−グルタミン酸のカルボキシル基をアミン基で置換し、カルボキシル基の一部がアミン基で置換されたポリ−γ−グルタミン酸と親油性化合物の複合体で構成されたナノミセルを製造するステップ。 - 親油性化合物は、コレステロールおよびその誘導体、炭素数3〜21個を有する脂肪族化合物(C3−C21)およびベンゼン基を1〜10個含む芳香族化合物からなる群より選択されることを特徴とする請求項4に記載のナノミセルの製造方法。
- ポリ−γ−グルタミン酸は、分子量が1〜15,000kDaであることを特徴とする請求項4に記載のナノミセルの製造方法。
- アミン系化合物は、エチレンジアミンを含むアルキルジアミン系化合物、またはポリアミンを含むオリゴマーおよびポリマーであることを特徴とする請求項4に記載のナノミセルの製造方法。
- 請求項1に記載のナノミセルの内部に、タンパク質、遺伝子、ペプチド、化合物、抗原および天然素材からなる群より選択される薬物が封入されていることを特徴とするナノミセル薬物伝達体。
- 抗原は、ポリサッカライド、弱毒生完全体微生物、不活性化微生物、組み換えペプチドおよびタンパク質、糖タンパク質、糖脂質、リポペプチド、合成ペプチド、並びに破裂された微生物からなる群より選択されることを特徴とする請求項8に記載のナノミセル薬物伝達体。
- 前記薬物は粘膜を介して伝達されることを特徴とする請求項8に記載のナノミセル薬物伝達体。
- 前記粘膜は、口腔、鼻腔、呼吸器粘膜、目の粘膜、生殖器粘膜及び皮膚潰瘍部位からなる群より選択されることを特徴とする請求項8に記載のナノミセル薬物伝達体。
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AU2020379482A1 (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2022-06-23 | Samyang Holdings Corporation | Polymer nanoparticle composition for inducing immunity and preparation method therefor |
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CN112826938B (zh) * | 2021-01-25 | 2023-03-07 | 中国人民解放军海军特色医学中心 | 环γ-聚谷氨酸涂层智能纳米药物输送体系及其制备方法 |
CN112999146B (zh) * | 2021-03-19 | 2023-11-24 | 上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院 | 一种可注射黏附性水凝胶及其制备方法与应用 |
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WO2007129746A1 (ja) * | 2006-05-09 | 2007-11-15 | Osaka University | コレステロールアミン導入ポリ-γ-グルタミン酸誘導体 |
JP2010529214A (ja) * | 2007-05-03 | 2010-08-26 | フラメル・テクノロジーズ | カチオン性基及び疎水性基により官能基化したポリグルタミン酸及びその応用、特にはその治療への応用 |
JP2011173802A (ja) * | 2010-02-23 | 2011-09-08 | Nano Career Kk | 短鎖のカチオン性ポリアミノ酸およびその使用 |
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US20160193348A1 (en) | 2016-07-07 |
CN105338964A (zh) | 2016-02-17 |
WO2014193016A1 (ko) | 2014-12-04 |
JP6175562B2 (ja) | 2017-08-02 |
KR101507119B1 (ko) | 2015-03-30 |
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