JP2016519089A - 殺生物製剤及び水の処理方法 - Google Patents
殺生物製剤及び水の処理方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2016519089A JP2016519089A JP2016503694A JP2016503694A JP2016519089A JP 2016519089 A JP2016519089 A JP 2016519089A JP 2016503694 A JP2016503694 A JP 2016503694A JP 2016503694 A JP2016503694 A JP 2016503694A JP 2016519089 A JP2016519089 A JP 2016519089A
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- Prior art keywords
- biocide
- water
- biocidal
- formulation
- block copolymer
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- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
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- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/30—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests characterised by the surfactants
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Abstract
Description
この明細書に示される全ての不活性化/死滅試験は、以下に記載の同じ試験方法で行った。バイオフィルム形成細菌(Deinococcus, Meiothermus及びPsedoxanthomonas属の菌株)を、市販のR2液体増殖培地で+50℃で増殖させた。この微生物の懸濁液1mLを、滅菌した濾紙で覆った滅菌R2A寒天平板培地に接種した。試験用の微生物を濾紙で覆ったこれらの寒天平板培地で1日増殖させた。円形のステンレス鋼製クーポン(round stainless steel coupons)を濾紙上に載せ、+50℃で6日間培養した。この培養の間に、バイオフィルムが鋼鉄のクーポンの上に形成された。各クーポンを濾紙から剥し、pH8、+50℃に調節した水道水100 mLで満たされた試験チャンバに入れた。試験計画に従って殺生物製剤を各チャンバに添加した。それに際して、常に3つの同型チャンバを作るようにした。殺生物剤を使用しないチャンバと市販の参照用殺生物剤を使用したチャンバも常に含むようにした。曝露期間の最後に、チャンバの液体(浮遊性の自由に漂っている細胞に対する性能)と綿棒で擦り取ったステンレス鋼の表面からの試料(バイオフィルムに対する性能)とから標準平板菌数測定法で細菌培養を行うことによって、試験した殺生物製剤の効力を数値化した。
バイオフィルムと液体における細菌細胞に対する様々な殺生物剤組成物の殺生物性能を比較するためにこの試験を行った。参照の殺生物剤として市販のDBNPA含有製品(R20V)を用い、これを様々な新しい製剤と比較した。新しい製剤は、全て、DBNPAを殺生物活性剤として含有している。投与量は、全て、殺生物活性剤であるDBNPAの投与量(mg/L, ppm)で示されている。バイオフィルム試験は先に説明したようにして行われた。図1に示す結果は、R20V製品(=DBNPAは遊離状態)の形態で投与されても、DBNPAが10 ppm含有されていると、浮遊細胞に対しては優れた死滅効果を示したことを表している。しかしながら、この投与量では、バイオフィルムに対する効力はあまり強くなかった。新しいミセル性製剤(PD16-01〜PD16-07)は、投与量レベルが1 ppm以下(ppmはDBNPA含量に基づく)の段階で、既に、浮遊細胞とバイオフィルム細胞とに対して強力な効果を示し始めた。このように、新しい製剤はバイオフィルム抑制能を10倍にまで高めることができた。新しい製剤は、全て、DBNPAの含有量が25%であったが、Pluronic F68の含有量(20%〜30%)と、Bardac-22の含有量(10%〜30%)とが異なっていた。最も優れた性能を示した製剤PD16-06は25%のDBNPAと、20%のPluronicと、20%のBardac-22とを含有していた。これらの結果は、新しい製剤が、バイオフィルム不活性化/死滅の性能を増大させることにおいて、明確な効果があることを実証した。
この試験は2つの理由で行われた。第一の理由は、PEIを添加することによる新しい殺生物製剤の性能に与える影響を評価することである。第二の理由は、様々な成分の相対的な影響を評価することであり、そのために複数の混合物を用意した。表1に組成を示す。
ミセル状Pluronic + DBNPAの製剤を用いて、バイオフィルムの死滅/不活性化試験を行った。使用した製剤は全てDBNPAの含有量が9%であったが、DDACの含有量が様々であった。これらの死滅効果を測定した。さらに、公知の、緑膿菌の細胞をモデル微生物として用いた“NPN取り込み法”(Hankock & Wong. AAC. Vol. 26, No. 1:48〜52. 1984年7月、Alakomiらによる、生物劣化の原因となるグラム陰性菌への膜透過化剤の弱体化効果、Appl Environ Microbiol. 2006年7月、72(7): 4695-4703)によって膜透過化試験を行った。この方法においては、膜透過化による1-N-フェニルナフチルアミン(NPN)の取り込みの後に、蛍光を測定した。第四級アンモニウム化合物DDACの膜透過化効果は、バイオフィルム死滅試験で用いたものと類似であるがDBNPAを含まない製剤を用いて測定された。図3はこれら2つの試験の結果をプロットしたものを示している。NPN取り込みに関して最も強い応答(最も強い透過化)を与えたDDAC含有製剤は、また、ミセル状Pluronic+DBNPA+DDAC製剤の製造に用いたときにDBNPAの殺生物作用の最も大きな相乗増幅を示した。最も性能の良い組成物の1つ(PD24-01)は、DBNPAを9%、Pluronicを27%、DDACを4.5%、PEIを2.3%含有していた。製剤の膜透過化性と共に殺生物効果は強力に増大し、ミセル状Pluronic+DBNPA製剤の一部としての第四級アンモニウム化合物が、死滅効果の増大した本発明の組成物を提供していることを確認した。
この試験は、様々な殺生物剤組成物の安定性と殺生物効果とを比較するために行われた。安定性については、+25℃と+45℃で、5週間に亘って目視によって観察を続けた。
Claims (19)
- ミセル内に殺生物剤を有する殺生物製剤であって、該ミセルが
−殺生物剤溶解部分と水溶性部分とを有するブロック共重合体と、
−第四級アンモニア安定化化合物と
を含むことを特徴とする殺生物製剤。 - 前記殺生物剤がさらに膜透過化剤を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の殺生物製剤。
- 前記殺生物剤の水に対する溶解度が低いことを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載の殺生物製剤
- 前記殺生物剤が非酸化型殺生物剤であることを特徴とする、前記請求項のいずれか一項に記載の殺生物製剤。
- 前記殺生物剤が、グルタルアルデヒド、2,2-ジブロモ-3-ニトリロプロピオンアミド(DBNPA)、2-ブロモ-2-ニトロプロパン-1,3-ジオール、5-クロロ-2-メチル-4-イソチアゾリン-3-オン(CMIT)、2-メチル-4-イソチアゾリン-3-オン(MIT)、CMITとMITとの混合物、1,2-ジブロモ-2,4-ジシアノブタン、ビス(トリクロロメチル)スルホン、2-ブロモ-2-ニトロスチレン、4,5-ジクロロ-1,2-ジチオール-3-オン、2-n-オクチル-4-イソチアゾリン-3-オン、1,2-ベンズイソチアゾリン-3-オン、オルト-フタルアルデヒド、グアニジン類、ビグアニジン類、ピリチオン類、カルバメート類、3-ヨードプロピニル-N-ブチルカルバメート、硫酸テトラキスヒドロキシメチルホスホニウム(THPS)等のホスホニウム塩、3,5-ジメチル-1,3,5-チアジアジナン-2-チオン、2-(チオシアノメチルチオ)ベンゾチアゾール、メチレンビスチオシアネート(MBT)、及びこれらの組み合わせから選択されることを特徴とする、前記請求項のいずれか一項に記載の殺生物製剤。
- 前記殺生物剤が、グルタルアルデヒド、2,2-ジブロモ-3-ニトリロプロピオンアミド(DBNPA)、2-ブロモ-2-ニトロプロパン-1,3-ジオール、5-クロロ-2-メチル-4-イソチアゾリン-3-オン(CMIT)、2-メチル-4-イソチアゾリン-3-オン(MIT)、及びCMITとMITとの混合物から選択されることを特徴とする、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の殺生物製剤。
- 前記ブロック共重合体が、ポリ(エチレンオキシド)−ポリ(プロピレンオキシド)(PEO-PPO)ブロック共重合体等のポロキサマであることを特徴とする、前記請求項のいずれか一項に記載の殺生物製剤。
- 前記第四級アンモニウム安定化化合物が、塩化n-アルキルジメチルベンジルアンモニウム、塩化アルケニルジメチルエチルアンモニウム、塩化ジデシルジメチルアンモニウム(DDAC)、及び臭化ジメチルジオクタデシルアンモニウム(DDAB)から選択されることを特徴とする、前記請求項のいずれか一項に記載の殺生物製剤。
- 前記膜透過化剤がカチオン性高分子電解質を含み、好ましくは、ポリ(塩化ジアリルジメチルアンモニウム)(PDADMAC)、ポリエチレンイミン(PEI)、ポリエーテルアミン、及びポリアミンから選択されることを特徴とする、前記請求項のいずれか一項に記載の殺生物製剤。
- 前記膜透過化剤がキレート剤を含むことを特徴とする、前記請求項のいずれか一項に記載の殺生物製剤。
- 前記殺生物製剤が約10〜25%(w/w)の前記殺生物剤を含有していることを特徴とする、前記請求項のいずれか一項に記載の殺生物製剤。
- 前記殺生物製剤が15〜50%(w/w)、好ましくは30〜50%(w/w)の前記ブロック共重合体を含有していることを特徴とする、前記請求項のいずれか一項に記載の殺生物製剤。
- 前記殺生物製剤が約5〜30%(w/w)の前記第四級アンモニウム安定化化合物を含有していることを特徴とする、前記請求項のいずれか一項に記載の殺生物製剤。
- 前記殺生物製剤が、前記膜透過化剤を含む第一成分と、前記殺生物剤、前記ブロック共重合体及び前記第四級アンモニウム安定化化合物を含む第二成分とを有する二成分製剤として提供されることを特徴とする、請求項2〜13のいずれか一項に記載の殺生物剤組成物。
- 前記請求項のいずれか一項に記載の前記殺生物製剤を用意し、該殺生物製剤を水性環境に投与することを特徴とする、水性環境において微生物を除去すること及び/又は妨げることによって、バイオフィルムの形成を抑制する方法。
- 前記水性環境が工業水システムであることを特徴とする、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記工業水システムが、製紙システム、水冷却システム(例えば、冷却塔、開ループ及び閉ループ式冷却ユニット)、工業原水システム、飲料水配水システム、飲料水殺菌システム、油生産若しくは油回収システム(油田水システム、掘削泥水)、燃料貯蔵システム、金属加工システム、熱交換装置、反応炉、液体を貯蔵して扱うのに使用される機器、ボイラーとそれに関連する水蒸気発生ユニット、ラジエータ、フラッシュ蒸発ユニット、冷蔵ユニット、逆浸透装置、ガス洗浄装置、高炉、砂糖蒸発ユニット(sugar evaporating unit)、火力発電所、地熱ユニット、原子炉冷却ユニット、水処理ユニット、プール再循環ユニット、採鉱サーキット(mining circuit)、閉ループ加熱ユニット、例えば、掘削、穿孔、粉砕、拡孔、ドローイング、ブローチング、ターニング、切削、縫製、研削、ねじ切り、シェーピング、スピニング及びローリング等に使用される加工液、作動液、並びに冷却液から選択されることを特徴とする、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記工業水システムが、パルプ、紙又は厚紙機械の循環水、及び工業原水から選択されることを特徴とする、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記殺生物製剤が0.3〜50 ppm、好ましくは1〜5ppmの濃度になるように投与されることを特徴とする、請求項15〜18のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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