JP2016509585A - 抗h7cr抗体 - Google Patents
抗h7cr抗体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2016509585A JP2016509585A JP2015549864A JP2015549864A JP2016509585A JP 2016509585 A JP2016509585 A JP 2016509585A JP 2015549864 A JP2015549864 A JP 2015549864A JP 2015549864 A JP2015549864 A JP 2015549864A JP 2016509585 A JP2016509585 A JP 2016509585A
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2012年12月21日に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/745,296号明細書、2012年12月21日に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/745,312号明細書、2013年5月24日に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/827,269号明細書、および2013年5月24日に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/827,279号明細書の利益およびそれらに対する優先権を主張するPCT出願であり、これらはすべて、許容される限り、その全体を参照により本明細書に援用する。
本発明は、国立衛生研究所(National Institute of Health)(NIH)からの助成金R01 CA097085−10および国立癌研究所(National Cancer Institute)(NCI)からの助成金U19 CA113341の下で、政府の支援により一部なされた。米国政府は本発明において一定の権利を有し得る。
本出願は、紙およびコンピューター読み取り可能な媒体の両方で開示される、37C.F.R.1.821および以下参照に準拠した1つまたは複数の配列表を含み、紙およびコンピューター読み取り可能な開示内容はその全体を援用する。
B7リガンドは、抗原提示細胞(APC)を含む様々な細胞型の細胞表面上に発現され、それとT細胞上の受容分子との相互作用により、T細胞の活性化および寛容性を調節する活性化シグナルおよび/または抑制シグナルが与えられる(Collins,M.et al.(2005)「The B7 Family Of Immune−Regulatory Ligands,」Genome Biol.6:223.1−223.7)。抑制性B7リガンドの一部は、腫瘍細胞上にも発現され、免疫応答の抑制がもたらされる(Keir,M.E.et al.(2008)「PD−1 And Its Ligands In Tolerance And Immunity,」Annu.Rev.Immunol.26:677−704;Zou,W.et al.(2008)「Inhibitory B7−Family Molecules In The Tumour Microenvironment,「Nat.Rev.Immunol.8:467−477)。したがって、B7リガンドとその受容体との相互作用の促進または減弱により、自己免疫疾患および癌の治療が可能になる可能性がある(国際公開第2011/020024号パンフレット;Flajnik,M.F.et al.(2012)「Evolution Of The B7 Family:Co−Evolution Of B7H6 And Nkp30,Identification Of A New B7 Family Member,B7H7,And Of B7’s Historical Relationship With The MHC,」Immunogenetics 64:571−590)。
炎症および癌の処置におけるこれまでのあらゆる進歩にもかかわらず、そうした状態の処置のための免疫療法を改善することができる組成物が依然として求められている。
(A)抗H7CR抗体1.3の3つの軽鎖CDRおよび3つの重鎖CDR;
(B)抗H7CR抗体4.5の3つの軽鎖CDRおよび3つの重鎖CDR;または
(C)抗H7CR抗体7.8の3つの軽鎖CDRおよび3つの重鎖CDR
から選択される。
(A)抗H7CR抗体1.3の3つの軽鎖CDRおよび3つの重鎖CDR;
(B)抗H7CR抗体4.5の3つの軽鎖CDRおよび3つの重鎖CDR;または
(C)抗H7CR抗体7.8の3つの軽鎖CDRおよび3つの重鎖CDR
である、H7CR結合分子を提供する。
(A)(1)配列番号17〜22のいずれかのアミノ酸配列を有する、抗ヒトH7CR抗体1.3のヒト化変異体の軽鎖可変領域;および
(2)配列番号23〜28のいずれかのアミノ酸配列を有する、抗ヒトH7CR抗体1.3のヒト化変異体の重鎖可変領域;
または
(B)(1)配列番号33〜38のいずれかのアミノ酸配列を有する、抗ヒトH7CR抗体4.5のヒト化変異体の軽鎖可変領域;および
(2)配列番号39〜44のいずれかのアミノ酸配列を有する、抗ヒトH7CR抗体4.5のヒト化変異体の重鎖可変領域
を含む。
(A)生細胞の表面に配置されたH7CR;または
(B)内因性濃度で発現されたH7CR
に免疫特異的に結合する実施形態に関する。
B7−H7は、アフリカツメガエル(Xenopus)B7−H4に顕著な相同性を示す遺伝子としてアフリカツメガエル(Xenopus)データベースの検索を通して発見された。B7−H4タンパク質は282個のアミノ酸残基を有し、このアミノ酸残基は、アミノ末端細胞外ドメイン、大きな疎水性膜貫通ドメイン、および非常に短い細胞内ドメイン(2個のアミノ酸残基のみからなる)を有するものとして分類されている。他のB7ファミリーメンバーと同様に、B7−H4は、その細胞外ドメインに一対のIg様領域を有する。B7−H4タンパク質は、I型膜貫通タンパク質の全体構造を有する。
本明細書で使用する場合、「ネイティブH7CR」という用語は、B7−H7の任意の天然に存在するカウンター受容体をいう。H7CRはまた、B7−H7CRおよびCD28Hとも呼ばれる。H7CRは、T細胞、NK細胞および形質細胞様樹状細胞により発現される。ヒトH7CRポリペプチドは、そうでなければ、文献/データベース中で膜貫通および免疫グロブリンドメイン含有2(TMIGD2)と呼ばれるが(Rahimi,N.et al.(Epub 2012 Mar 14)「Identification Of IGPR−1 As A Novel Adhesion Molecule Involved In Angiogenesis,」Molec.Biol.Cell.23(9):1646−1656)、B7−H7CRの機能はこれまでに解明されなかった。こうしたネイティブH7CR分子のアミノ酸配列に対する受託番号の非限定例としては、以下のものが挙げられる:Q96BF3−1(ヒト(homo sapiens))、Q96BF3−2(ヒト(homo sapiens))、NP_653216.1(GI:21389429;ヒト(homo sapiens))およびNP_653216.2(GI:281306838;ヒト(homo sapiens))。ネイティブH7CR分子の代表的なアミノ酸配列(Q96BF3−2)を、配列番号3として以下に示す:
本明細書で使用する場合、ある分子が第2の分子に「免疫特異的に結合する」ことができるとされるのは、そうした結合が抗体に対応する抗原に対して抗体の特異性および親和性を示す場合である。抗体が抗原(特に、抗原H7CR)の標的領域または立体構造(「エピトープ」)に「免疫特異的に結合する」ことができるとされるのは、そうした結合が免疫グロブリン分子の抗原認識部位を含む場合である。特定の抗原に免疫特異的に結合する抗体は、たとえば、イムノアッセイ、BIACORE(登録商標)アッセイまたは当該技術分野において公知の他のアッセイで判定して、他の抗原が抗原認識部位により認識される配列または立体構造に類似性をある程度有する場合、より低い親和性を持つ他の抗原に結合することもあるが、まったく無関係の抗原には結合しないと考えられる。ただし、抗体(およびその抗原結合フラグメント)は、他の抗原と交差反応しないことが好ましい。また、抗体は、Fc領域など、抗原認識部位を含まない分子の他の領域/ドメインの結合ドメインによって、免疫特異的でない形でFc受容体(FcR)など他の分子に結合することができる。
いくつかの実施形態では、変化させた糖鎖修飾により、抗体の可溶化、細胞内輸送および抗体の分泌の促進、抗体形成の促進、立体構造の安定性および抗体のエフェクター機能のうち1つまたは複数が調節される。特定の実施形態では、変化させた糖鎖修飾により、糖鎖修飾がない抗体と比較して抗体のエフェクター機能が増強される。抗体のエフェクター機能を変化させる糖鎖修飾は、当該技術分野において周知である(たとえば、Shields,R.L.et al.(2002)「Lack Of Fucose On Human IgG N−Linked Oligosaccharide Improves Binding To Human Fcgamma RIII And Antibody−Dependent Cellular Toxicity.,」J.Biol.Chem.277(30):26733−26740;Davies J.et al.(2001)「Expression Of GnTIII In A Recombinant Anti−CD20 CHO Production Cell Line:Expression Of Antibodies With Altered Glycoforms Leads To An Increase In ADCC Through Higher Affinity For FC Gamma RIII,」Biotechnology & Bioengineering 74(4):288−294を参照)。糖鎖量を変化させる方法は当業者に公知であり、たとえば、Wallick,S.C.et al.(1988)「Glycosylation Of A VH Residue Of A Monoclonal Antibody Against Alpha(1−−−−6)Dextran Increases Its Affinity For Antigen,」J.Exp.Med.168(3):1099−1109;Tao,M.H.et al.(1989)「Studies Of Aglycosylated Chimeric Mouse−Human IgG.Role Of Carbohydrate In The Structure And Effector Functions Mediated By The Human IgG Constant Region,」J.Immunol.143(8):2595−2601;Routledge,E.G.et al.(1995)「The Effect Of Aglycosylation On The Immunogenicity Of A Humanized Therapeutic CD3 Monoclonal Antibody,」Transplantation 60(8):847−53;Elliott,S.et al.(2003)「Enhancement Of Therapeutic Protein In Vivo Activities Through Glycoengineering,」Nature Biotechnol.21:414−21;Shields,R.L.et al.(2002)「Lack Of Fucose On Human IgG N−Linked Oligosaccharide Improves Binding To Human Fcgamma RIII And Antibody−Dependent Cellular Toxicity.,」J.Biol.Chem.277(30):26733−26740)を参照されたい。
抗体を検出可能な物質に結合することで検出を行いやすくすることができる。検出可能な物質の例として、様々な酵素、補欠分子族、蛍光材料、発光材料、生物発光材料、放射性物質、ポジトロン放出金属および非放射性常磁性金属イオンが挙げられる。検出可能な物質は、当該技術分野において公知の技術を用いて抗体に直接結合またはコンジュゲートしても、あるいは、中間体(たとえば、当該技術分野において公知のリンカー)を介して間接的に結合またはコンジュゲートしてもよい。たとえば、診断で使用される抗体にコンジュゲートできる金属イオンに関する米国特許第4,741,900号明細書を参照されたい。そうした診断および検出は、以下に限定されるものではないが、様々な酵素、以下に限定されるものではないが、西洋わさびペルオキシダーゼ、アルカリホスファターゼ、β−ガラクトシダーゼまたはアセチルコリンエステラーゼなどの酵素;以下に限定されるものではないが、ストレプトアビジン/ビオチンおよびアビジン/ビオチンなどの補欠分子族複合体;以下に限定されるものではないが、ウンベリフェロン、フルオレセイン、フルオレセインイソチオシアネート、ローダミン、ジクロロトリアジニルアミンフルオレセイン、塩化ダンシルまたはフィコエリトリンなどの蛍光材料;以下に限定されるものではないが、ルミノールなどの発光材料;以下に限定されるものではないが、ルシフェラーゼ、ルシフェリンおよびエクオリンなどの生物発光材料;以下に限定されるものではないが、ビスマス(213Bi)、炭素(14C)、クロム(51Cr)、コバルト(57Co)、フッ素(18F)、ガドリニウム(153Gd、159Gd)、ガリウム(68Ga、67Ga)、ゲルマニウム(68Ge)、ホルミウム(166Ho)、インジウム(115In、113In、112In、111In)、ヨウ素(131I、125I、123I、121I)、ランタン(140La)、ルテチウム(177Lu)、マンガン(54Mn)、モリブデン(99Mo)、パラジウム(103Pd)、リン(32P)、プラセオジム(142Pr)、プロメチウム(149Pm)、レニウム(186Re、188Re)、ロジウム(105Rh)、ルテミウム(97Ru)、サマリウム(153Sm)、スカンジウム(47Sc)、セレン(75Se)、ストロンチウム(85Sr)、硫黄(35S)、テクネチウム(99Tc)、タリウム(201Ti)、スズ(113Sn、117Sn)、トリチウム(3H)、キセノン(133Xe)、イッテルビウム(169Yb、175Yb)、イットリウム(90Y)、亜鉛(65Zn)などの放射性物質;様々なポジトロン断層法を用いたポジトロン放出金属、および非放射性常磁性金属イオンなどの検出可能な物質に抗体を結合することにより達成することができる。
本明細書で使用する場合、「調節する」という用語は、ある作用または結果を変化させる能力に関する。特に、抗ヒトH7CR抗体のヒト化変異体、またはヒトH7CRに免疫特異的に結合する、抗体の任意の抗原結合フラグメント、もしくはH7CRに生化学特異的に結合する分子は、H7CRとその対応するリガンドとの間の結合を調節すること、および/またはH7CR−対応リガンド結合の結果として生じるシグナル伝達を調節することを可能にする。
そうした分子は、ハイブリドーマ株についてヒトH7CRに免疫特異的な抗体を産生する株をスクリーニングし、次いで、場合によってはそうした株の中で調節活性(たとえば、中和活性、促進活性、変化したシグナルの伝達活性等)を示す株をスクリーニングすることにより作製することができる。一実施形態では、抗体はハムスター抗ヒトH7CRクローン:1.3、4.5および7.8である。これらの抗体は、ヒトH7CRに結合することができ、かつH7CRのB7−H7との相互作用を実質的に遮断することができない。抗ヒトH7CRクローンに発現する抗体の配列を決定して、その可変ドメインを明らかにした。以下に可変ドメインのCDR配列を太字および下線で示す。
抗ヒトH7CRクローン1.3
軽鎖可変領域:
軽鎖可変領域:
軽鎖可変領域:
コンセンサスCDR配列と、おそらく類似の結合性を与えると考えられる変異CDR配列とを特定するため、特定された抗体のCDRの解析を行った。そうした変異CDRは、表1に従いBlosum62.iij解析を用いてコンピューター処理した。表1は、Blosum62.iij置換スコアである。スコアが高いほど、置換はより保存的になり、したがって置換が機能に影響を与える可能性が低くなる。
抗ヒトH7CR抗体1.3および4.5の複数の好ましい軽鎖および重鎖ヒト化誘導体を調製した。
IGKV4−1*01アクセプターフレームワークに由来する、抗ヒトH7CR抗体1.3の好ましいヒト化変異体の軽鎖可変領域のアミノ酸配列を以下に示す(CDRは下線で示す):
1.VL1A IGKV4−1*01(ヒト化1):
1.VL2A IGKV2D−28*01(ヒト化1):
1.VH1A IGHV4−31*02(ヒト化1):
1.VH2A AAY33199.1(ヒト化1):
IGKV4−1*01アクセプターフレームワークに由来する、抗ヒトH7CR抗体4.5の好ましいヒト化変異体の軽鎖可変領域のアミノ酸配列を以下に示す(CDRは下線で示す):
1.VL1A IGKV4−1*01(ヒト化1):
1.VL2A IGKV2D−40*01(ヒト化1):
1.VH1A IGHV4−31*02(ヒト化1):
1.VH2A IGHV2−5*01(ヒト化1):
(1)抗ヒトH7CR抗体1.3のヒト化変異体の軽鎖CDR1;
(2)抗ヒトH7CR抗体4.5のヒト化変異体の軽鎖CDR2;
(3)抗ヒトH7CR抗体7.8のヒト化変異体の軽鎖CDR3;
(4)抗ヒトH7CR抗体1.3、4.5または7.8のヒト化変異体の軽鎖CDR1および軽鎖CDR2;
(5)抗ヒトH7CR抗体1.3、4.5または7.8のヒト化変異体の軽鎖CDR1および軽鎖CDR3;
(6)抗ヒトH7CR抗体1.3、4.5または7.8のヒト化変異体の軽鎖CDR2および軽鎖CDR3;
あるいは
(7)抗ヒトH7CR抗体1.3、4.5または7.8のヒト化変異体の軽鎖CDR1、軽鎖CDR2および軽鎖CDR3
を含む。
(1)抗ヒトH7CR抗体1.3のヒト化変異体の重鎖CDR1;
(2)抗ヒトH7CR抗体4.5のヒト化変異体の重鎖CDR2;
(3)抗ヒトH7CR抗体7.8のヒト化変異体の重鎖CDR3;
(4)抗ヒトH7CR抗体1.3、4.5または7.8のヒト化変異体の重鎖CDR1および重鎖CDR2;
(5)抗ヒトH7CR抗体1.3、4.5または7.8のヒト化変異体の重鎖CDR1および重鎖CDR3;
(6)抗ヒトH7CR抗体1.3、4.5または7.8のヒト化変異体の重鎖CDR2および重鎖CDR3;
あるいは
(7)抗ヒトH7CR抗体1.3、4.5または7.8のヒト化変異体の重鎖CDR1、重鎖CDR2および重鎖CDR3
を含む。
(1)抗ヒトH7CR抗体1.3のヒト化変異体の軽鎖CDR1;
(2)抗ヒトH7CR抗体4.5のヒト化変異体の軽鎖CDR2;
(3)抗ヒトH7CR抗体7.8のヒト化変異体の軽鎖CDR3;
(4)抗ヒトH7CR抗体1.3、4.5または7.8のヒト化変異体の軽鎖CDR1および軽鎖CDR2;
(5)抗ヒトH7CR抗体1.3、4.5または7.8のヒト化変異体の軽鎖CDR1および軽鎖CDR3;
(6)抗ヒトH7CR抗体1.3、4.5または7.8のヒト化変異体の軽鎖CDR2および軽鎖CDR3;
あるいは
(7)抗ヒトH7CR抗体1.3、4.5または7.8のヒト化変異体の軽鎖CDR1、軽鎖CDR2および軽鎖CDR3
を含み、かつ重鎖CDRは、
(1)抗ヒトH7CR抗体1.3のヒト化変異体の重鎖CDR1;
(2)抗ヒトH7CR抗体4.5のヒト化変異体の重鎖CDR2;
(3)抗ヒトH7CR抗体7.8のヒト化変異体の重鎖CDR3;
(4)抗ヒトH7CR抗体1.3、4.5または7.8のヒト化変異体の重鎖CDR1および重鎖CDR2;
(5)抗ヒトH7CR抗体1.3、4.5または7.8のヒト化変異体の重鎖CDR1および重鎖CDR3;
(6)抗ヒトH7CR抗体1.3、4.5または7.8のヒト化変異体の重鎖CDR2および重鎖CDR3;
あるいは
(7)抗ヒトH7CR抗体1.3、4.5または7.8のヒト化変異体の重鎖CDR1、重鎖CDR2および重鎖CDR3
を含む。
本明細書で使用する場合、「処置する」、「処置すること」、「処置」および「治療用途」という用語は、免疫反応の増大または低下から利益を受けるであろう疾患または障害の1つまたは複数の症状が消失、減少または軽減することをいう。本明細書で使用する場合、「治療上有効な量」とは、免疫反応の変化を媒介するのに十分な治療薬のそうした量、一層好ましくは、臨床的意義のある免疫反応の変化であり、疾患または状態の症状の減少または軽減を媒介するのに十分な治療薬のそうした量をいう。ある作用は、その大きさがレシピエント被検体の健康または予後に影響を与えるのに十分である場合、臨床的意義がある。治療上有効な量とは、疾患の進行を遅延させるまたは最小限に抑える、たとえば、癌の拡散を遅延させるまたは最小限に抑えるのに十分な治療薬の量をいう場合がある。治療上有効な量はまた、疾患の処置または管理において治療上の利益をもたらす治療薬の量をいうこともある。さらに、治療薬に関する治療上有効な量は、疾患の処置または管理に治療上の利益をもたらす、たとえば、治療用抗体の薬効を増強するのに十分で、疾患を処置または管理するのに十分な、治療薬単独または他の療法薬と組み合わせたそうした量を意味する。
一実施形態は、抗H7CR抗体(およびH7CRに結合するそうした抗体のフラグメント)またはB7−H7 Igなど、H7CRに結合することによって、T細胞増殖および/またはサイトカイン産生を促進するH7CR結合分子に関する。そうした分子を被験体に投与すると、被験体の免疫系が上方調節される。H7CR発現がナイーブT細胞表現型と関連しているので、そうした分子の投与は、T細胞のプライミングおよび活性化を亢進するのに有効であり、したがってワクチンと組み合わせることが好適となろう。さらに、アゴニスト性抗H7CR(およびB7−H7 Ig)は、免疫チェックポイントを標的とし、免疫反応を通常弱めることになる受容体を阻害する分子、すなわち抗PD−1、抗−B7−H1、抗CTLA4等と組み合わせることが極めて好適となろう。そうした抗体は、順番に投与すること、すなわち、T細胞プライミングを増強するために最初に抗H7CRを投与した後、たとえばT細胞消耗を防止するために抗PD−1を投与することが一層好適になり得る。H7CRと免疫チェックポイント遮断を標的とする二重特異性分子も意図される。
代替の実施形態は、抗B7−H7抗体(およびB7−H7に結合するそうした抗体のフラグメントまたはH7CR Igなど、B7−H7に結合することによって、H7CR機能およびT細胞増殖および/またはサイトカイン産生を拮抗(すなわち、減弱または障害)する分子に関する。そうした分子の被験体への投与は、被験体の免疫系を下方調節し、特に炎症または自己免疫の処置に有用である。
様々な送達系、たとえば、リポソーム、微小粒子、マイクロカプセルへの封入、抗体または融合タンパク質を発現することができる組換え細胞、受容体を介したエンドサイトーシス(たとえば、Wu and Wu,1987,J.Biol.Chem.262:4429−4432を参照)、レトロウイルスベクターまたは他のベクターの一部としての核酸の構築等が知られており、本明細書に開示される治療用または予防用組成物の投与に使用することができる。
開示される組成物は、医薬組成物の製造に有用なバルク薬剤組成物(たとえば、不純物を含むまたは非無菌の組成物)、および単位剤形の調製に使用することができる医薬組成物(すなわち、被検体または患者への投与に好適な組成物)を含み得る。そうした組成物は、本明細書に開示された予防上または治療上有効な量の予防薬および/または治療薬、またはそうした薬と薬学的に許容されるキャリアとの組み合わせを含み得る。好ましくは、組成物は、予防上または治療上有効な量のヒト化抗体および薬学的に許容されるキャリアを含む。
別の実施形態は、開示されたヒト化抗体が入った1つまたは複数の容器を含む医療パックまたはキットを提供する。加えて、医療パックまたはキットには、疾患の処置に有用な1つまたは複数の他の予防薬または治療薬がさらに含まれていてもよい。医療パックまたはキットは、開示された医薬組成物の成分の1つまたは複数が入った1つまたは複数の容器を含んでもよい。そうした容器には任意に、医薬品または生物学的製剤の製造、使用または販売を規制する政府機関より定められた形式の注意書が添付されていてもよい。注意書には、ヒト投与を目的とした製造、使用または販売に関するその機関の承認が反映される。
開示された抗体およびその抗原結合フラグメントは、H7CRの発現に関連する疾患、障害または感染症を検出、診断またはモニターすることなど、診断目的に使用することができる。疾患、障害または感染症、特に自己免疫疾患の検出または診断は、(a)被検体の細胞または組織サンプルにおけるH7CRの発現を、そうした抗原に免疫特異的に結合する1つまたは複数の抗体(またはそのフラグメント)を使用してアッセイすること;および(b)抗原のレベルを対照レベル、たとえば、正常組織サンプルのレベルまたは異なる時点での組織中レベルと比較することによって実施することができ、抗原の対照レベルと比較した、アッセイされた抗原レベルの上昇または低下から疾患、障害または感染症が示唆される。そうした抗体およびフラグメントは、好ましくはイムノアッセイ、たとえば酵素結合免疫吸着測定(ELISA)、ラジオイムノアッセイ(RIA)および蛍光活性化セルソーター(FACS)に利用される。
抗ヒトH7CR抗体の特性評価およびH7CRの発現パターン
材料および方法
結合親和性の評価のために、20万個のCHO.hH7CRトランスフェクタント(図2)、ナイーブCD4+CD45RA+T細胞(図3A)またはナイーブCD8+CD45RA+T細胞(図3B)を、フローサイトメトリー緩衝液(PBS+2%FBS)100μlに再懸濁した。0、0.1ng、0.3ng、1ng、3ng、10ng、30ng、100ng、300ng、1μg、3μgおよび10μgの段階希釈したキメラ1.3および4.5を細胞に加え、4℃で30分間インキュベートした。次いで、細胞をフローサイトメトリー緩衝液2mlで2回洗浄し、フローサイトメトリー緩衝液100μlに再懸濁した。抗hIg PE二次抗体(Biolegend)1μlを加え、細胞と15分間インキュベートした。次いで、サンプルを洗浄し、フローサイトメトリー緩衝液100μlに再懸濁した。BD Canto(BD Biosciences)をプレート形式で使用して、フローサイトメトリーデータを取得し、FlowJoソフトウェアで解析した。次いで、染色データ(MFI)をPrism 5ソフトウェアに入力して結合曲線を作成した。1部位特異的結合アルゴリズムを用いるカーブフィッティングにより、各抗体に対するそれぞれのKDを計算する。
結合特異性を示すために、5μg/mlのH7CR 1.3、4.5および7.8mAbを使用して、H7CRの安定なトランスフェクタントを染色した(図4)。10μg/mlのB7−H7mIg融合タンパク質も使用して、H7CR CHOトランスフェクタントを染色した。H7CR mAbをこの系に加え、B7−H7−H7CR相互作用に対するH7CR mAbの遮断能力を評価した(図5)。
ヒト扁桃腺をパラフィン包埋した切片上のH7CRに対する免疫組織化学染色を、標準プロトコールを用いて、5μg/mlの濃度にて4.5抗体で実施した(図6)。細胞表面染色およびフローサイトメトリーによる分析のために、細胞を表示のmAbと4℃で30分間インキュベートし、緩衝液で洗浄し、分析した。ヒトおよびマウスのPBMC上のH7CRの発現を、系列マーカーおよび1.3抗体染色により評価した(図7〜11)。活性化された単球由来DC上のB7−H7の発現を、抗B7−H7抗体染色により評価した(図12)。
ハムスター抗体1.3、4.5および7.8が、ヒトH7CRに免疫特異的に結合できることが分かった。図2に、抗H7CR抗体1.3および4.5のそれぞれの結合親和性を示す。抗体4.5のKdは、3.5nMであることが分かった。抗体1.3のKdは、5.9nMであることが分かった。ナイーブCD4およびCD8 T細胞に対するH7CR mAbの結合曲線から、両方の抗体とも受容体飽和用量が1μg/mlであることが示された(図3、パネルAおよびB)。
抗H7CR抗体は抗原特異的記憶T細胞反応を促進する
材料および方法
抗H7CR抗体の特性評価をさらに行うために、破傷風トキソイド(TT)想起反応アッセイを行った。単球由来の未成熟DCを、1ng/mlのTNFαおよび1μg/mlのPGE2と2日間インキュベートすることにより成熟させ、DC成熟の2日目に、50μg/mlの破傷風トキソイド(TT)の存在下で一晩インキュベートした。この樹状細胞を、X−Vivo培地で3回洗浄し、次いで、100ng/mlのTTおよび10μg/mlのH7CR1.3、4.5もしくは7.8モノクローナル抗体(図13)またはヒト化1.3変異体(図23)の存在下、カルボキシフルオレセインスクシニミジルエステル(CFSE)標識自己T細胞を1:20の比で存在させて、2週間インキュベートした。フローサイトメトリーを使用して、細胞増殖をCFSEの希釈によりモニターした。一部の実験では、ヒトIFNγおよびTNFαの細胞内染色を行った。ゴルジ遮断薬ブレフェルジンA(eBioscience)をDC−T細胞培養系に8時間加えた。活性化されたヒトT細胞を回収し、冷PBSで洗浄した。細胞表面マーカーを最初に染色した。IFNγおよびTNFαに対する細胞内染色は、製造業者(Cytofix/Cytoperm、BD)のプロトコールに従って行った。
この分析の結果(図13)から、抗H7CR抗体が抗原特異的記憶T細胞反応を促進することが示された。この細胞により発現されたサイトカインの性質およびレベルを決定するために、7日目の上清を評価した。この分析の結果を図14(パネル、A−L)に示す。この結果から、抗H7CR抗体1.3、4.5および7.8が、異なったサイトカイン発現プロファイルをもたらしたことが示される。特に、抗体1.3は、高レベルのIFNγ、TNFα、GM−CSFおよびIL−10をもたらし、抗体4.5は、高レベルのIL−5およびIL−13をもたらした。
B7−H7:H7CR相互作用は、抗原特異的ヒトT細胞反応を調節する
材料および方法
抗原特異的T細胞反応に対するB7−H7:H7CR経路の役割を決定するために、精製したヒトCD4+T細胞をCFSEで標識し、抗原としての50μg/mlの破傷風トキソイド(「TT」)とプレインキュベートした自己単球由来樹状細胞と共に培養した。この樹状細胞をX−Vivo培地で3回洗浄し、次いで100ng/mlのTTおよび10μg/mlのH7CRモノクローナル抗体の存在下、カルボキシフルオレセインスクシニミジルエステル(CFSE)標識自己T細胞を1:20の比で存在させて、2週間インキュベートした。フローサイトメトリーを使用して、細胞増殖をCFSE希釈によりモニターした。
アゴニスト性抗H7CR mAbが培養物中に含まれる場合に(T細胞のH7CRシグナルを増幅する)、TT特異的T細胞増殖が強力に増強されることが分かった(図16A)。B7:CD28相互作用を遮断する融合タンパク質であるCTLA4−Igが細胞培養の開始時に含まれると、アゴニスト性抗H7CR mAbの存在下でも、T細胞増殖が顕著に阻害された。これらの結果から、H7CR同時刺激は内因性B7:CD28相互作用に依存することが示される。
抗H7CR抗体1.3および4.5のヒト化
ホモロジーモデリングによる抗体3D構造の作製および構造モデリングに基づいた親抗体プロファイルの作製を含む工程を使用して、ハムスター抗H7CR抗体1.3および4.5をヒト化した。一連のヒト化重鎖および軽鎖可変領域配列を作製したが、そのそれぞれは、親抗体配列の特異性領域をヒトフレームワーク配列の大半と合わせたものである。合計で6つのヒト化重鎖配列および6つのヒト化軽鎖配列を作製した。
ハムスター抗体1.3可変ドメインをヒト生殖細胞系列データベースと比較した配列アライメントを作成した。全体的な配列同一性、界面位置の一致、同様に分類される基準位置に基づいて、2つの生殖細胞系列ファミリーを軽鎖のための可能なアクセプターフレームワークとして特定した、すなわちIGKV4−1*01およびIGKV2D−28*01である。Jセグメント遺伝子を、FR4およびJセグメントにわたって親配列と比較し、軽鎖のためにIGKJ2*01を選択した。親1.3VL鎖とこれらのアクセプターフレームワークとのアライメントを表6に示す。異なる残基を下線で示す。
1.VL1A IGKV4−1*01(ヒト化1):
1.VL2A IGKV2D−28*01(ヒト化1):
1.VH1A IGHV4−31*02(ヒト化1):
1.VH2A AAY33199.1(ヒト化1):
ハムスター抗体4.5可変ドメインをヒト生殖細胞系列データベースと比較した配列アライメントを作成した。全体的な配列同一性、界面位置の一致、同様に分類される基準位置に基づいて、2つの生殖細胞系列ファミリーを軽鎖のための可能なアクセプターフレームワークとして特定した、すなわちIGKV4−1*01およびIGKV2D−40*01である。Jセグメント遺伝子を、FR4およびJセグメントにわたって親配列と比較し、軽鎖のためにIGKJ5*01を選択した。親1.3のVL鎖とこれらのアクセプターフレームワークとのアライメントを表8に示す。異なる残基を下線で示す。
1.VL1A IGKV4−1*01(ヒト化1):
1.VL2A IGKV2D−40*01(ヒト化1):
1.VH1A IGHV4−31*02(ヒト化1):
1.VH2A IGHV2−5*01(ヒト化1):
抗体1.3はインビボでT細胞機能を増強する
材料および方法
NOD−SCID Il2rg−/−(NSG)マウス(Jackson Lab)に、1500〜2000万個のヒトPBMCまたは1000万個の精製ナイーブCD4+ヒトT細胞を腹腔内に移入した。0日目および2日目に、300μgの対照またはH7CR mAb1.3を各マウスに腹膜接種した。移入6日後に、脾細胞を摘出した。ヒトCD45、CD3およびCD8の染色によりヒトT細胞を検出した。細胞分裂をモニターするために、移入前にhPBMCをCFSEで標識した。
フローサイトメトリー分析から、ヒトCD4+およびCD8+の両T細胞において、CFSE希釈集団の細胞数が増加したことにより証明されるように、抗体1.3がヒト抗マウス異種反応性T細胞を増殖させることが明らかになった。(図19A〜19D)。
抗体1.3は、インビボ、すなわち異種GvDHモデルでCD40L、IFNγおよびCD107aの発現を増大させる
材料および方法
NOD−SCID Il2rg−/−(NSG)マウス(Jackson Lab)に、1500〜2000万個のヒトPBMCまたは1000万個の精製ナイーブCD4+ヒトT細胞を腹腔内に移入した。0日目および2日目に、300μgの対照またはH7CR mAb1.3を各マウスに腹膜接種した。移入6日後に、脾細胞を摘出した。ヒトCD45、CD3およびCD8の染色によりヒトT細胞を検出した。PMAとイオノマイシンでインビトロにて脾細胞を再刺激して、IFN−γまたはCD107aを産生する細胞を検出した。細胞分裂をモニターするために、移入前にhPBMCをCFSEで標識した。
図20A−20HはFACS分析の散布図であり、抗体1.3を注入したNGSマウスにおいて、CD40L、IFNγおよびCD107aの発現が増大したことが示されている。1.3抗体により、対照抗体処置マウスに比較して、CD4+T細胞の膜結合型CD40Lの発現およびIFN−γの産生が顕著に増強された。また、1.3抗体処置により、細胞溶解活性を示すCD8+T細胞上のCD107aの発現、ならびにIFN−γの産生も増大した。要約すると、1.3抗体処置により、異種反応性CD4+およびCD8+T細胞の増殖およびエフェクター機能が亢進した。
抗体1.3の変異体の特性評価
材料および方法
PBSで希釈した1μg/mlのH7CRECDヒトIgG1 Fc融合タンパク質100μlを、平底96ウェルプレート(Coster 9017)上に4℃で一晩固定化した。プレートをPBS+0.1%PS−20で2回洗浄し、200μl/ウェルのPBS−10%FBSで室温にて1時間ブロックした。PBS−10%FBSで希釈した、ヒトIgG4 Fcキメラ1.3および14種の選択した1.3ヒト化変異体を各ウェルに加え、室温で1時間インキュベートした。プレートを3回洗浄し、1μg/mlの抗ヒトIgG4 HRP(Southern Biotech)100μlを各ウェルに加え、室温で1時間インキュベートした。プレートを6回洗浄し、TMB基質(SurModics)100μlを各ウェルに5〜15分間加えた。停止液(0.1M硫酸)100μlを各ウェルに加えた。プレートに対して、PerkinElmer EnVision 2104 Multilabel Readerにより450nmの吸光度を読み取った。
結合親和性の結果を表10に示す。
ヒト化H7CR抗体4.5変異体
材料および方法
36種の変異体に由来する5μg/mlの抗体を、H7CR−GFP融合タンパク質をトランスフェクトしたCHO細胞と共に、室温で30分間インキュベートした。次いで、細胞をフローサイトメトリー緩衝液2mlで2回洗浄し、フローサイトメトリー緩衝液100μlに再懸濁した。抗hIg PE二次抗体(Biolegend)1μlを加え、細胞と共に15分間インキュベートした。次いで、サンプルを洗浄し、フローサイトメトリー緩衝液100μlに再懸濁した。プレート形式でBD Canto(BD Biosciences)を用いて、フローサイトメトリーデータを取得し、FlowJoソフトウェアで分析した。X軸はH7CR−GFPの発現を示し、Y軸はトランスフェクタントへの変異体の結合を示す。
H7CR抗体4.5の36種のヒト化変異体について、H7CRに対する結合特異性をアッセイした。結果を図23に示す。36種の4.5ヒト化変異体はすべて、H7CRに対する結合特異性を維持している。
Claims (40)
- 抗ヒトH7CR抗体1.3または4.5のヒト化変異体の抗原結合フラグメントを含む分子であって、前記分子がヒトH7CRに免疫特異的に結合し、かつ前記抗原結合フラグメントが、
(A)(1)配列番号17〜22のいずれかのアミノ酸配列を有する、抗ヒトH7CR抗体1.3のヒト化変異体の軽鎖可変領域;および
(2)配列番号23〜28のいずれかのアミノ酸配列を有する、抗ヒトH7CR抗体1.3のヒト化変異体の重鎖可変領域;
または
(B)(1)配列番号33〜38のいずれかのアミノ酸配列を有する、抗ヒトH7CR抗体4.5のヒト化変異体の軽鎖可変領域;および
(2)配列番号39〜44のいずれかのアミノ酸配列を有する、抗ヒトH7CR抗体4.5のヒト化変異体の重鎖可変領域
を含む分子。 - 前記免疫特異的に結合したH7CRが、
(A)生細胞の表面に配置されたH7CR;または
(B)内因性濃度で発現されたH7CR
である、請求項1に記載の分子。 - 前記生細胞が、T細胞、NK細胞または形質細胞様樹状細胞である、請求項1に記載の分子。
- 前記分子が、H7CRのB7−H7との相互作用を実質的に遮断することができない、請求項1に記載の分子。
- 前記分子が、H7CR活性を調節または促進する、請求項1に記載の分子。
- 前記抗体が、二重特異性抗体、三重特異性抗体または多重特異性抗体である、請求項1に記載の分子。
- 前記分子が、検出可能に標識されるか、またはコンジュゲートされたトキシン、薬剤、受容体、酵素、受容体リガンドを含む、請求項1に記載の分子。
- 治療上有効な量の請求項1に記載の分子および生理学的に許容されるキャリアまたは賦形剤を含む医薬組成物。
- ある疾患の症状を示す被験体において前記疾患を処置するための方法であって、治療上有効な量の請求項8に記載の医薬組成物を前記被験体に投与することを含む方法。
- それを必要とする被験体において免疫反応を増強するための方法であって、治療上有効な量の請求項8に記載の医薬組成物を前記被験体に投与することを含む方法。
- 前記疾患が癌である、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記疾患が感染症である、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記感染症が慢性ウイルス疾患である、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記医薬組成物がH7CR機能を促進する、請求項10に記載の方法。
- ある疾患を予防処置するための方法であって、前記疾患の症状を示す前に予防上有効な量の請求項7に記載の医薬組成物を被検体に投与することを含む方法。
- 被験体においてある疾患を診断するための方法であって、前記被験体の細胞について、請求項1に記載のH7CR結合分子に結合するその能力をアッセイすることを含み、前記被験体における前記疾患の存在を診断するための細胞学的アッセイを提供する方法。
- 前記疾患が癌である、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記疾患が、T細胞の数および健康に影響を及ぼす疾患である、請求項16に記載の方法。
- H7CRに免疫特異的に結合する抗体の抗原結合フラグメントを含む分子。
- 前記免疫特異的に結合したH7CRが、
(A)生細胞の表面に配置されたH7CR;または
(B)内因性濃度で発現されたH7CR
である、請求項19に記載の分子。 - 前記生細胞が、T細胞、NK細胞または形質細胞様樹状細胞である、請求項19に記載の分子。
- 前記分子が、H7CRのB7−H7との相互作用を実質的に遮断することができない、請求項19に記載の分子。
- 前記分子が、モノクローナル抗体、ヒト抗体、キメラ抗体またはヒト化抗体である、請求項19に記載の分子。
- 前記抗体が、二重特異性抗体、三重特異性抗体または多重特異性抗体である、請求項23に記載の抗体。
- 前記抗原結合フラグメントが6つのCDRを含み、前記CDRが抗H7CR抗体、すなわち1.3、4.5および7.8のCDRの少なくとも1つのコンセンサスCDRを含み、残りのすべてのCDRが
(A)軽鎖CDR1、配列番号31;
(B)軽鎖CDR2、配列番号32;
(C)軽鎖CDR3、配列番号48;
(D)重鎖CDR1、配列番号51;
(E)重鎖CDR2、配列番号55;または
(f)重鎖CDR3、配列番号59
から選択される、請求項19に記載の分子。 - 前記6つのCDRが、
(A)抗H7CR抗体1.3の3つの軽鎖CDRおよび3つの重鎖CDR、配列番号29、32、45、49、52および56;
(B)抗H7CR抗体4.5の3つの軽鎖CDRおよび3つの重鎖CDR、配列番号30、32、46、50、53および57;または
(C)抗H7CR抗体7.8の3つの軽鎖CDRおよび3つの重鎖CDR、配列番号29、32、47、50、54および58
である、請求項25に記載の分子。 - 前記分子が、モノクローナル抗体、ヒト抗体、キメラ抗体またはヒト化抗体である、請求項25に記載の分子。
- 前記抗体が、二重特異性抗体、三重特異性抗体または多重特異性抗体である、請求項27に記載の抗体。
- 前記分子が、検出可能に標識されるか、またはコンジュゲートされたトキシン、薬剤、受容体、酵素、受容体リガンドを含む、請求項19に記載の分子。
- 治療上有効な量の請求項1に記載の分子および生理学的に許容されるキャリアまたは賦形剤を含む医薬組成物。
- ある疾患の症状を示す被験体において前記疾患を処置するための方法であって、治療上有効な量の請求項30に記載の医薬組成物を前記被験体に投与することを含む方法。
- 前記疾患が癌である、請求項31に記載の方法。
- 前記疾患が感染症である、請求項31に記載の方法。
- 前記感染症が慢性ウイルス疾患である、請求項31に記載の方法。
- 前記医薬組成物がH7CR機能を促進する、請求項31に記載の方法。
- ある疾患を予防処置するための方法であって、前記疾患の症状を示す前に予防上有効な量の請求項28に記載の医薬組成物を被検体に投与することを含む方法。
- 被験体においてある疾患を診断するための方法であって、前記被験体の細胞について、請求項1に記載のH7CR結合分子に結合するその能力をアッセイすることを含み、前記被験体における前記疾患の存在を診断するための細胞学的アッセイを提供する方法。
- 前記疾患が癌である、請求項37に記載の方法。
- 前記疾患が、T細胞の数および健康に影響を及ぼす疾患である、請求項37に記載の方法。
- H7CR抗体1.3、4.5または7.8の抗原結合フラグメントを含む分子であって、前記分子がヒトH7CRに免疫特異的に結合し、前記抗原結合フラグメントが、
(A)(1)配列番号5のアミノ酸配列を有する、抗ヒトH7CR抗体1.3の軽鎖可変領域;および
(2)配列番号6のアミノ酸配列を有する、抗ヒトH7CR抗体1.3の重鎖可変領域;
(B)(1)配列番号7のアミノ酸配列を有する、抗ヒトH7CR抗体4.5の軽鎖可変領域;および
(2)配列番号8のアミノ酸配列を有する、抗ヒトH7CR抗体4.5の重鎖可変領域;
または、
(C)(1)配列番号9のアミノ酸配列を有する、抗ヒトH7CR抗体7.8の軽鎖可変領域;および
(2)配列番号10のアミノ酸配列を有する、抗ヒトH7CR抗体7.8の重鎖可変領域
を含む分子。
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US61/827,279 | 2013-05-24 | ||
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WO2011020024A2 (en) * | 2009-08-13 | 2011-02-17 | The Johns Hopkins University | Methods of modulating immune function |
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HK1210186A1 (en) | 2016-04-15 |
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WO2014100823A1 (en) | 2014-06-26 |
BR112015014621A2 (pt) | 2017-10-03 |
JP6359031B2 (ja) | 2018-07-18 |
CA2896091C (en) | 2018-06-19 |
CN104968679A (zh) | 2015-10-07 |
RU2017129726A (ru) | 2019-02-05 |
CA2896091A1 (en) | 2014-06-26 |
RU2015129720A (ru) | 2017-01-30 |
SG11201504765VA (en) | 2015-07-30 |
US20180079813A1 (en) | 2018-03-22 |
CN104968679B (zh) | 2019-04-16 |
KR20150100715A (ko) | 2015-09-02 |
US20180066056A1 (en) | 2018-03-08 |
AU2017201231B2 (en) | 2019-02-14 |
RU2650756C2 (ru) | 2018-04-17 |
AU2017201231A1 (en) | 2017-05-04 |
MX2015008117A (es) | 2016-03-31 |
US9790277B2 (en) | 2017-10-17 |
SG10201709290XA (en) | 2018-01-30 |
EP2935332A1 (en) | 2015-10-28 |
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