JP2016203165A - 六価クロムCr(VI)を還元するための触媒および方法 - Google Patents
六価クロムCr(VI)を還元するための触媒および方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2016203165A JP2016203165A JP2016080678A JP2016080678A JP2016203165A JP 2016203165 A JP2016203165 A JP 2016203165A JP 2016080678 A JP2016080678 A JP 2016080678A JP 2016080678 A JP2016080678 A JP 2016080678A JP 2016203165 A JP2016203165 A JP 2016203165A
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 170
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(6+) Chemical compound [Cr+6] JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 116
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 69
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- BFGKITSFLPAWGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(3+) Chemical compound [Cr+3] BFGKITSFLPAWGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 96
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 27
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000003850 cellular structure Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004299 exfoliation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000756 V alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HZEWFHLRYVTOIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ti].[Ni] Chemical compound [Ti].[Ni] HZEWFHLRYVTOIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000711 cancerogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000315 carcinogenic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940117975 chromium trioxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium trioxide Inorganic materials O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GAMDZJFZMJECOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(6+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Cr+6] GAMDZJFZMJECOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001256 stainless steel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 titanium-aluminum-vanadium Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
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- B01D—SEPARATION
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/64—Heavy metals or compounds thereof, e.g. mercury
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/88—Handling or mounting catalysts
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/063—Titanium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
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- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
- B01J35/56—Foraminous structures having flow-through passages or channels, e.g. grids or three-dimensional monoliths
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
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- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Description
チタン含有ひだ付きシートの厚み:0.2mm〜0.6mm、たとえば0.5mm。ひだの高さ(ピーク〜ピーク):1.5mm。
3 高温気体の主流の方向
10 触媒本体
11 ひだ付きプレート
12 ひだ付きプレート
14 入口インターフェース
15 出口インターフェース
17 空洞
18 チューブ
19 チューブ
20 部分スタック
21 穿孔されたチタンプレート
31 チタンチューブ
32 チタン球
40 高温気体
41 高温気体
100 触媒チャンバー
101 高温気体入口
105 上壁
112 ひだ
210 穿孔または穴
Claims (15)
- 高温気体中の六価クロムCr(VI)を還元するための方法であって、
− ある量のCr(VI)を含有する高温気体を準備するステップと、
− ある量のCr(VI)を含有する前記高温気体を、金属チタン含有触媒エレメントの酸化チタン表面の上に導くステップと、
− ある量のCr(VI)を含有する前記高温気体中のCr(VI)を、前記金属チタン含有触媒エレメントの前記酸化チタン表面と反応させ、それによりCr(VI)を三価クロムCr(III)に還元し、それにより低減された量のCr(VI)を有する高温気体を形成させるステップ
を含む方法。 - ある量のCr(VI)を含有する前記高温気体もしくは前記金属チタン含有触媒エレメントの前記酸化チタン表面、またはある量のCr(VI)を含有する前記高温気体および前記金属チタン含有触媒エレメントの前記酸化チタン表面の両方が400℃を超える温度を有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ある量のCr(VI)を含有する高温気体を準備する前記ステップが、熱交換器の高温出口気体を準備するステップを含む、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 低減された量のCr(VI)含量を有する前記高温気体を燃料電池システムに導くステップをさらに含む、請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- ある量のCr(VI)を有する前記高温気体に比べて低減された量のCr(VI)を有する前記高温気体が低減された量のCr(VI)を有し、この低減された量のCr(VI)は、Cr(VI)の量に対して少なくとも50%低減されている、請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 表面構造を有する前記金属チタン含有触媒エレメントをさらに準備し、それにより前記金属チタン含有触媒エレメントの前記酸化チタン表面の寸法を増大させ、もしくは前記金属チタン含有触媒エレメントからの表面層の薄片の剥離を支持し、または前記金属チタン含有触媒エレメントの前記酸化チタン表面の寸法を増大させるとともに前記金属チタン含有触媒エレメントからの表面層の薄片の剥離を支持する、請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記金属チタン含有触媒エレメントから剥離した表面層の薄片を収集するステップをさらに含む、請求項1から6のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 本体を含む高温チタン触媒であって、前記本体は高温気体入口および高温気体出口を有し、前記本体は金属チタン含有触媒エレメントの列を含み、金属チタン含有触媒エレメントの前記列は、ある量の六価クロムCr(VI)を含有する高温気体が前記高温気体入口において前記本体に入り、金属チタン含有触媒エレメントの前記列を通過し、前記高温気体出口において前記本体から出ることができるように配置され、前記チタン触媒を用いる場合、ある量のCr(VI)を含む前記高温気体中のCr(VI)は前記金属チタン含有触媒エレメントの表面層中の酸化チタンと反応し、それによって前記Cr(VI)は三価クロムCr(III)に還元され、したがってある量のCr(VI)を含有する前記高温気体中のCr(VI)の量が低減される、高温チタン触媒。
- 前記触媒エレメントが、純粋な金属チタンまたはチタン合金から作られている、請求項8に記載の触媒。
- 前記触媒エレメントが、少なくとも70%の金属チタンを含有する、請求項9に記載の触媒。
- 前記触媒エレメントが、ひだ付きシート材料から作られている、請求項8から10に記載の触媒。
- 触媒エレメントの前記列が、平行に配置された複数のプレートまたはチューブである、請求項8から11のいずれか1項に記載の触媒。
- 前記プレートに高温気体が穿孔を通過するための前記穿孔が設けられた、請求項12に記載の触媒。
- 薄片を収集するための空洞をさらに含み、前記薄片は前記金属チタン含有触媒エレメントから剥離した表面層の一部である、請求項8から13のいずれか1項に記載の触媒。
- 前記触媒の前記高温気体入口が熱交換器に接続され、もしくは前記触媒の前記高温気体出口が燃料電池システムに接続され、または前記触媒の前記高温気体入口が熱交換器に接続され、かつ前記触媒の前記高温気体出口が燃料電池システムに接続されている、請求項8から14のいずれか1項に記載の触媒を含むシステム。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP15163557.0A EP3081295B1 (en) | 2015-04-14 | 2015-04-14 | Catalyst and method for reducing hexavalent chromium cr(vi) |
EP15163557.0 | 2015-04-14 |
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JP2016203165A true JP2016203165A (ja) | 2016-12-08 |
JP6771934B2 JP6771934B2 (ja) | 2020-10-21 |
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US (1) | US10399034B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP3081295B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6771934B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR102601949B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN106039985B (ja) |
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EP3306256B1 (en) | 2016-10-04 | 2019-09-18 | Bosal Emission Control Systems NV | High temperature heat exchanger with chromium absorber |
US11471830B2 (en) | 2018-12-14 | 2022-10-18 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Filtration of chromium from flue gas in furnace stacks |
CN113522259B (zh) * | 2021-07-12 | 2023-08-08 | 南通大学 | 一种磁性光催化水处理剂及其制备方法 |
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KR20160122650A (ko) | 2016-10-24 |
CN106039985B (zh) | 2021-08-10 |
JP6771934B2 (ja) | 2020-10-21 |
EP3081295C0 (en) | 2023-10-04 |
US10399034B2 (en) | 2019-09-03 |
EP3081295B1 (en) | 2023-10-04 |
EP3081295A1 (en) | 2016-10-19 |
US20160303508A1 (en) | 2016-10-20 |
CN106039985A (zh) | 2016-10-26 |
KR102601949B1 (ko) | 2023-11-14 |
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