JP2016174980A - Apparatus and method for treating water - Google Patents
Apparatus and method for treating water Download PDFInfo
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本発明は、嫌気性アンモニア酸化細菌を用いた水処理装置および水処理方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a water treatment apparatus and a water treatment method using anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria.
従来、被処理水中の窒素成分を生物学的に除去する方法として、嫌気性アンモニア酸化細菌を用いた嫌気性アンモニア酸化処理が知られている。嫌気性アンモニア酸化処理は、嫌気条件下で、独立栄養性脱窒菌である嫌気性アンモニア酸化細菌の働きにより、アンモニア性窒素と亜硝酸性窒素を窒素ガスに変換して、被処理水の窒素成分を除去する方法である。嫌気性アンモニア酸化処理は、窒素除去のために通常広く用いられている硝化脱窒法による処理と比べて、メタノール等の有機分（水素供与体）の添加を必要とせず、また曝気による酸素供給量を減らすことができ、さらには汚泥発生量の削減も可能となる点で、有効な処理方法である。一方、嫌気性アンモニア酸化細菌は増殖速度が遅いため、嫌気性アンモニア酸化処理においては、処理効率を高める点から、反応槽内に嫌気性アンモニア酸化細菌をできるだけ高濃度で保持することが重要になる。例えば特許文献１には、嫌気性アンモニア酸化細菌を担体に固定させたりグラニュール化して反応槽中に保持し、嫌気性アンモニア酸化処理を行うことが開示されている。 Conventionally, anaerobic ammonia oxidation treatment using anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria is known as a method for biologically removing nitrogen components in water to be treated. Anaerobic ammonia oxidation treatment converts anaerobic ammonia and nitrite nitrogen to nitrogen gas by anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, which are autotrophic denitrifying bacteria under anaerobic conditions, and the nitrogen component of the water to be treated It is a method of removing. Anaerobic ammonia oxidation treatment does not require the addition of organic components (hydrogen donor) such as methanol, and oxygen supply by aeration, compared to nitrification and denitrification, which is commonly used to remove nitrogen. This is an effective treatment method in that the amount of sludge generated can be reduced and the amount of sludge generated can be reduced. On the other hand, since anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria have a slow growth rate, in anaerobic ammonia oxidizing treatment, it is important to keep the anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria as high as possible in the reaction tank in order to increase the processing efficiency. . For example, Patent Document 1 discloses that anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria are immobilized on a carrier or granulated and held in a reaction tank to perform anaerobic ammonia oxidation treatment.
嫌気性アンモニア酸化処理においては、処理を効率的に行う点から、嫌気性アンモニア酸化細菌の反応槽からの流出を抑制しつつ、嫌気性アンモニア酸化細菌と被処理水との接触効率を高めるようにすることが好ましい。そのため、反応槽内での水の流れを適切に制御することがより重要になる。 In anaerobic ammonia oxidation treatment, from the viewpoint of efficient treatment, while preventing outflow of anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria from the reaction tank, the contact efficiency between the anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria and the water to be treated is improved. It is preferable to do. For this reason, it is more important to appropriately control the flow of water in the reaction vessel.
本発明は前記事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、その目的は、嫌気性アンモニア酸化処理を行う反応槽を有し、長期にわたり、反応槽内での水の流れを好適に制御することができる水処理装置を提供することにある。また本発明は、窒素含有被処理水を嫌気性アンモニア酸化細菌と接触させる嫌気性アンモニア酸化処理を行う際に、長期にわたり、水の流れを好適に制御することができる水処理方法を提供することも目的とする。 This invention is made | formed in view of the said situation, The objective has a reaction tank which performs anaerobic ammonia oxidation process, and can control the flow of the water in a reaction tank suitably over a long period of time. It is to provide a water treatment device. In addition, the present invention provides a water treatment method capable of suitably controlling the flow of water over a long period of time when performing anaerobic ammonia oxidation treatment in which nitrogen-containing treated water is brought into contact with anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria. Also aimed.
上記課題を解決することができた本発明の水処理装置とは、窒素含有被処理水を嫌気性アンモニア酸化細菌と接触させて嫌気性アンモニア酸化反応を行う反応槽を有し、反応槽内に、Ａｌ2Ｏ3を主成分とする水流制御部材が設けられているところに特徴を有する。本発明の水処理装置は、反応槽内に、Ａｌ2Ｏ3を主成分とする水流制御部材が設けられているため、水流制御部材表面への菌体の付着が抑制され、水流制御部材による機能、すなわち反応槽内での水の流れの制御に係る機能を、長期にわたり発揮させることができる。 The water treatment apparatus of the present invention that has solved the above problems has a reaction tank that performs anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction by bringing nitrogen-treated water into contact with anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. It is characterized in that a water flow control member mainly composed of Al 2 O 3 is provided. In the water treatment apparatus of the present invention, since the water flow control member mainly composed of Al 2 O 3 is provided in the reaction tank, adhesion of bacterial cells to the surface of the water flow control member is suppressed, and the water flow control member The function, that is, the function related to the control of the flow of water in the reaction vessel can be exhibited over a long period of time.
本発明の水処理装置において、水流制御部材への菌体の付着を抑制して、嫌気性アンモニア酸化処理の処理効率を高める点から、水流制御部材を整流材に適用することが好ましい。この場合、反応槽内には、水流制御部材よりも下流側に、嫌気性アンモニア酸化細菌が保持されるようにすることが好ましく、これにより、水流制御部材を整流材として機能させることができる。その結果、整流材として機能する水流制御部材の表面への菌体の付着が抑えられ、これによる整流作用が長期にわたり発揮され、被処理水と嫌気性アンモニア酸化細菌との接触効率を長期にわたって高く維持することが可能となる。 In the water treatment apparatus of the present invention, it is preferable to apply the water flow control member to the rectifying material from the viewpoint of suppressing the adherence of the bacterial cells to the water flow control member and increasing the treatment efficiency of the anaerobic ammonia oxidation treatment. In this case, it is preferable that anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria are retained in the reaction tank on the downstream side of the water flow control member, whereby the water flow control member can function as a rectifying material. As a result, adherence of bacterial cells to the surface of the water flow control member functioning as a rectifying material is suppressed, and the rectifying action due to this is demonstrated over a long period of time, and the contact efficiency between the treated water and the anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria is increased over a long period of time. Can be maintained.
水流制御部材を整流材として用いる場合、上記効果は上向流式の反応槽において特に有効に発揮される。例えば上向流式の反応槽で整流材の一部が目詰まりを起こすと、当該目詰まり部分の上部（下流側）で上向きの被処理水の流れがうまく形成されず、短絡が起こりやすくなる。その結果、槽内全体を有効に使用できなくなり、嫌気性アンモニア酸化処理性能が低下するおそれがある。しかし、上向流式の反応槽に、Ａｌ2Ｏ3を主成分とする整流材を設けることにより、整流材での菌体による目詰まりが起こりにくくなり、長期にわたり嫌気性アンモニア酸化処理を安定して行うことが可能となる。 When the water flow control member is used as a rectifying material, the above effect is particularly effectively exhibited in an upward flow type reaction tank. For example, when a part of the rectifying material is clogged in an upward flow type reaction tank, the flow of the water to be treated upward is not well formed at the upper part (downstream side) of the clogged part, and a short circuit is likely to occur. . As a result, the entire tank cannot be used effectively, and the anaerobic ammonia oxidation treatment performance may be reduced. However, by providing a rectifying material mainly composed of Al 2 O 3 in the upward flow reaction tank, clogging of the rectifying material due to bacterial cells is less likely to occur, and anaerobic ammonia oxidation treatment is stable over a long period of time. Can be performed.
嫌気性アンモニア酸化細菌は、担体に固定されて反応槽内に保持されている、または、グラニュール化されて反応槽内に保持されていることが好ましい。これにより、嫌気性アンモニア酸化処理を効率的に行うことができる。 It is preferable that the anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria are fixed to a carrier and held in the reaction vessel, or granulated and held in the reaction vessel. Thereby, anaerobic ammonia oxidation treatment can be performed efficiently.
水流制御部材は粒状であり、反応槽内に粒状の水流制御部材が複数充填されて層形成されていることが好ましい。粒状の水流制御部材を複数充填して層形成した場合、粒状の水流制御部材の間で被処理水の流れが滞りやすくなるところ、当該粒状の水流制御部材をＡｌ2Ｏ3を主成分とする材料から構成することにより、水流制御部材の表面への菌体の付着が抑制され、粒状の水流制御部材の間での閉塞が防止されやすくなる。 The water flow control member is granular, and it is preferable that a plurality of granular water flow control members are filled in the reaction tank to form a layer. When a plurality of granular water flow control members are packed to form a layer, the flow of the water to be treated is likely to stagnate between the granular water flow control members. The granular water flow control member is mainly composed of Al 2 O 3. By comprising from a material, adhesion of the microbial cell to the surface of a water flow control member is suppressed, and it becomes easy to prevent obstruction | occlusion between granular water flow control members.
本発明はまた、窒素含有被処理水を嫌気性アンモニア酸化細菌と接触させて嫌気性アンモニア酸化反応を行う水処理方法であって、被処理水を、Ａｌ2Ｏ3を主成分とする水流制御部材と接触させることにより、被処理水の流れを制御する水処理方法も提供する。本発明の水処理方法によれば、水流制御部材表面への菌体の付着が抑制され、水流制御部材によって被処理水の流れを長期にわたり好適に制御することができる。また、被処理水を、水流制御部材と接触させた後、嫌気性アンモニア酸化細菌と接触させるようにすれば、水流制御部材が整流材として機能し、被処理水と嫌気性アンモニア酸化細菌との接触効率を長期にわたって高く維持することができる。 The present invention is also a water treatment method for performing anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction by contacting nitrogen-containing treated water with anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria, wherein the treated water is water flow control mainly comprising Al 2 O 3. A water treatment method for controlling the flow of water to be treated by contacting the member is also provided. According to the water treatment method of the present invention, adhesion of bacterial cells to the surface of the water flow control member is suppressed, and the flow of water to be treated can be suitably controlled over a long period of time by the water flow control member. Further, if the water to be treated is brought into contact with the water flow control member and then brought into contact with the anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria, the water flow control member functions as a rectifier, and the water to be treated and the anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria are Contact efficiency can be kept high over a long period of time.
本発明の水処理装置によれば、嫌気性アンモニア酸化処理を行う反応槽内に、Ａｌ2Ｏ3を主成分とする水流制御部材が設けられているため、水流制御部材表面への菌体の付着が抑制され、長期にわたり、反応槽内での水の流れを好適に制御することができる。また本発明の水処理方法によれば、嫌気性アンモニア酸化処理を行う際に、Ａｌ2Ｏ3を主成分とする水流制御部材を用いることにより、水流制御部材表面への菌体の付着が抑制され、被処理水の流れを長期にわたり好適に制御することができる。 According to the water treatment apparatus of the present invention, since the water flow control member mainly composed of Al 2 O 3 is provided in the reaction tank that performs the anaerobic ammonia oxidation treatment, the bacterial cells on the surface of the water flow control member Adhesion is suppressed, and the flow of water in the reaction vessel can be suitably controlled over a long period of time. Further, according to the water treatment method of the present invention, when anaerobic ammonia oxidation treatment is performed, adhesion of bacterial cells to the surface of the water flow control member is suppressed by using a water flow control member mainly composed of Al 2 O 3. Thus, the flow of water to be treated can be suitably controlled over a long period of time.
本発明は、窒素含有被処理水を嫌気性アンモニア酸化細菌と接触させて嫌気性アンモニア酸化反応を行う反応槽を備えた水処理装置と、窒素含有被処理水を嫌気性アンモニア酸化細菌と接触させて嫌気性アンモニア酸化反応を行う水処理方法に関する。本発明によれば、嫌気性アンモニア酸化処理を行う際に、Ａｌ2Ｏ3を主成分とする水流制御部材を用いることにより、水流制御部材表面への菌体の付着が抑制され、被処理水の流れを長期にわたり好適に制御することができる。 The present invention provides a water treatment apparatus including a reaction tank that performs anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction by contacting nitrogen-containing treated water with anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, and bringing the nitrogen-containing treated water into contact with anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. And an anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction. According to the present invention, when anaerobic ammonia oxidation treatment is performed, the use of a water flow control member containing Al 2 O 3 as a main component suppresses the adherence of bacterial cells to the surface of the water flow control member, and the water to be treated Can be suitably controlled over a long period of time.
本発明では、窒素含有被処理水を嫌気性アンモニア酸化細菌と接触させて嫌気性アンモニア酸化反応を行う。嫌気性アンモニア酸化処理を行う反応槽には嫌気性アンモニア酸化細菌を含有する被処理水が保持されており、被処理水を嫌気性アンモニア酸化細菌と接触させることにより、嫌気性アンモニア酸化反応による処理を行うことができる。 In the present invention, the anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction is carried out by bringing the nitrogen-containing treated water into contact with anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria. The water to be treated containing anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria is retained in the reaction tank that performs the anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing treatment. It can be performed.
窒素含有被処理水は、少なくともアンモニア性窒素を含有しており、さらに亜硝酸性窒素を含有していることが好ましい。窒素含有被処理水がアンモニア性窒素と亜硝酸性窒素の両方を含有していれば、嫌気性アンモニア酸化細菌の働きにより、アンモニア性窒素と亜硝酸性窒素を窒素ガスに変換して、被処理水中の窒素成分を除去することができる。 The nitrogen-containing treated water contains at least ammonia nitrogen, and preferably contains nitrite nitrogen. If the nitrogen-treated water contains both ammoniacal nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen, the treatment of anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria converts ammoniacal nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen to nitrogen gas. Nitrogen components in water can be removed.
嫌気性アンモニア酸化処理では、例えば、下記の物質収支式で表される反応が起こると考えられており、１当量のアンモニア性窒素と１．３２当量の亜硝酸性窒素とが反応して窒素分子が生成し、被処理水中の窒素成分がガスとして除去される。
ＮＨ4 +＋１．３２ＮＯ2 -＋０．０６６ＨＣＯ3 -＋０．１３Ｈ+
→ １．０２Ｎ2＋０．２６ＮＯ3 -＋０．０６６ＣＨ2Ｏ0.5Ｎ0.15＋２．０３Ｈ2Ｏ
In the anaerobic ammonia oxidation treatment, for example, it is considered that the reaction represented by the following mass balance equation occurs, and 1 equivalent of ammonia nitrogen reacts with 1.32 equivalent of nitrite nitrogen to react with nitrogen molecules. And nitrogen components in the water to be treated are removed as gas.
NH 4 + + 1.32NO 2 − + 0.066HCO 3 − + 0.13H +
→ 1.02N 2 + 0.26NO 3 − + 0.066CH 2 O 0.5 N 0.15 + 2.03H 2 O
被処理水中に含まれる亜硝酸性窒素の量が少ない場合などは、被処理水中のアンモニア性窒素の一部を亜硝酸化しておくことが好ましく、これにより被処理水中のアンモニア性窒素と亜硝酸性窒素の含有比を適正な範囲に調整することができる。例えば、被処理水を亜硝酸化細菌（アンモニア酸化細菌）と接触させる前処理を行うことで、被処理水中のアンモニア性窒素の一部を亜硝酸性窒素に変換することができる。 When the amount of nitrite nitrogen contained in the water to be treated is small, it is preferable to nitrite a part of the ammonia nitrogen in the water to be treated, whereby ammonia nitrogen and nitrous acid in the water to be treated The content ratio of basic nitrogen can be adjusted to an appropriate range. For example, a part of ammonia nitrogen in the water to be treated can be converted to nitrite nitrogen by performing a pretreatment in which the water to be treated is brought into contact with a nitrifying bacterium (ammonia oxidizing bacterium).
反応槽は、被処理水と嫌気性アンモニア酸化細菌とを接触させることができるものであれば、その形状等は特に限定されない。なお、反応槽は、被処理水の供給部と、処理水の排出部を有することが好ましい。反応槽は、被処理水と嫌気性アンモニア酸化細菌との接触効率を高めるために、機械式撹拌装置等の撹拌手段を設けたり、被処理水の供給部と処理水の排出部を繋ぐ循環ラインを設けてもよい。後者の場合、排出部から排出された処理水の一部を被処理水の供給部に返送することにより、被処理水を反応槽と循環ラインとの間を循環させ、嫌気性アンモニア酸化細菌との接触頻度を高めることができる。なお、反応槽内の被処理水には、嫌気性アンモニア酸化細菌の増殖環境を整える点から、空気等の分子状酸素（Ｏ2）を含有するガスが供給されないことが好ましく、従って、反応槽には散気装置が設けられないことが好ましい。 The shape of the reaction tank is not particularly limited as long as the water to be treated can be brought into contact with the anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria. In addition, it is preferable that a reaction tank has a supply part for to-be-processed water, and a discharge part for treated water. In order to increase the contact efficiency between the water to be treated and the anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, the reaction tank is equipped with a stirring means such as a mechanical stirrer or a circulation line connecting the treated water supply unit and the treated water discharge unit. May be provided. In the latter case, by returning a part of the treated water discharged from the discharge part to the supply part of the treated water, the treated water is circulated between the reaction tank and the circulation line, and anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria and Can increase the contact frequency. In addition, it is preferable that the gas containing molecular oxygen (O 2 ) such as air is not supplied to the water to be treated in the reaction tank in order to prepare a growth environment for anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria. Is preferably not provided with a diffuser.
反応槽内において、嫌気性アンモニア酸化細菌は、分散状態で被処理水中に浮遊していてもよく、グラニュール化（粗粒化）していてもよい。また、嫌気性アンモニア酸化細菌は担体に固定されていてもよく、この場合、嫌気性アンモニア酸化細菌は担体に包括固定されていてもよく、担体表面に付着固定されていてもよい。担体は、反応槽に固定されていても、反応槽内で非固定とされていてもよい。担体としては、繊維製品（不織布、織布、紐等）、プラスチック、スポンジ、炭化物、ゲル体等を用いることができる。なお、嫌気性アンモニア酸化細菌は増殖速度が遅いことから、処理を効率的に行う点から、嫌気性アンモニア酸化細菌が反応槽内で高濃度に保持されることが好ましい。従って、嫌気性アンモニア酸化細菌は、グラニュール化されて反応槽内に保持されているか、担体に固定されて反応槽内に保持されていることが好ましい。 In the reaction tank, the anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria may be suspended in the water to be treated in a dispersed state, or may be granulated (coarsed). Moreover, the anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria may be fixed to the carrier, and in this case, the anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria may be comprehensively immobilized on the carrier or may be adhered and immobilized on the surface of the carrier. The carrier may be fixed in the reaction tank or not fixed in the reaction tank. As the carrier, fiber products (nonwoven fabrics, woven fabrics, strings, etc.), plastics, sponges, carbides, gel bodies and the like can be used. Since anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria have a slow growth rate, it is preferable that the anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria are kept at a high concentration in the reaction tank from the viewpoint of efficient treatment. Therefore, it is preferable that the anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria are granulated and held in the reaction vessel, or fixed to a carrier and held in the reaction vessel.
反応槽内には、水流制御部材が設けられる。水流制御部材としては、反応槽内の被処理水の流れを均一にするための整流材、反応槽内で被処理水の流れを変えるためのバッフル板やガイド板、反応槽内の水をオーバーフローさせる越流堰、反応槽内で充填物を支持し被処理水を透過させる支持材、反応槽から担体等の流出を防止し処理水を分離するスクリーン、反応槽内で汚泥等の固形分を沈降させる傾斜板等が挙げられる。水流制御部材を設けることにより、被処理水と嫌気性アンモニア酸化細菌との接触効率を高めたり、あるいは、反応槽からの嫌気性アンモニア酸化細菌の流出量を低減したりすることができる。 A water flow control member is provided in the reaction tank. The water flow control member includes a rectifying material to make the flow of treated water in the reaction tank uniform, a baffle plate and guide plate for changing the flow of treated water in the reaction tank, and overflowing water in the reaction tank Overflow weir, support material that supports the packing in the reaction tank and allows the treated water to pass through, screen that separates the treated water by preventing the carrier from flowing out from the reaction tank, solid content such as sludge in the reaction tank An inclined plate or the like to be settled is used. By providing the water flow control member, the contact efficiency between the water to be treated and the anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria can be increased, or the outflow amount of the anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria from the reaction tank can be reduced.
本発明においては、これらの水流制御部材の少なくとも１つを、Ａｌ2Ｏ3を主成分とする材料から構成する。そして、被処理水をＡｌ2Ｏ3を主成分とする水流制御部材と接触させることにより、被処理水の流れを制御する。本発明者らが検討したところ、嫌気性アンモニア酸化細菌が保持された反応槽では、水流制御部材をＡｌ2Ｏ3を主成分とする材料から構成することにより、当該部材に菌体（嫌気性アンモニア酸化細菌）が付着しにくくなることが明らかになった。例えば、他の無機材料から構成された水流制御部材を用いた場合と比べて、明らかに菌体の付着が起こりにくくなる。このような結果が得られたことの理由は定かではないが、水流制御部材が、金属や塩等と比べて水中での安定性が高い（反応性が低い）セラミック材料から構成されていること、またセラミック材料の中でもＡｌ2Ｏ3は嫌気性アンモニア酸化細菌が付着しにくい等電点を有していること、すなわち、嫌気性アンモニア酸化細菌がＡｌ2Ｏ3に対して静電的に付着しにくいことが考えられる。 In the present invention, at least one of these water flow control members is made of a material mainly composed of Al 2 O 3 . Then, by contacting with water flow control member mainly composed of Al 2 O 3 water to be treated, to control the flow of the water to be treated. When the present inventors examined, in the reaction tank in which the anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria were retained, the water flow control member was composed of a material mainly composed of Al 2 O 3 , so that the cell body was anaerobic (anaerobic). It became clear that ammonia-oxidizing bacteria were less likely to adhere. For example, as compared with the case where a water flow control member made of another inorganic material is used, the attachment of bacterial cells is clearly less likely to occur. The reason why such a result was obtained is not clear, but the water flow control member is made of a ceramic material that is more stable in water (less reactive) than metal or salt. Also, among ceramic materials, Al 2 O 3 has an isoelectric point to which anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria do not easily adhere, that is, anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria adhere electrostatically to Al 2 O 3 It may be difficult to do.
水流制御部材は、Ａｌ2Ｏ3を主成分として含む限り、他の成分を含んでいてもよい。例えば、成形性を高めるためにバインダー等が含まれていてもよく、またＡｌ2Ｏ3の熱加工性を高めるために、融点降下剤等として他の無機成分が含まれていてもよい。さらに、Ａｌ2Ｏ3は複合酸化物として含まれていてもよい。なお、水流制御部材は、Ａｌ2Ｏ3を５０質量％以上の含有率で含むことが好ましく、７０質量％以上がより好ましく、８５質量％以上がさらに好ましく、９５質量％以上が特に好ましい。また、水流制御部材は、Ａｌ2Ｏ3のみから構成されていてもよい。 The water flow control member may contain other components as long as it contains Al 2 O 3 as a main component. For example, a binder or the like may be included in order to improve moldability, and other inorganic components may be included as a melting point depressant or the like in order to improve the heat workability of Al 2 O 3 . Furthermore, Al 2 O 3 may be included as a complex oxide. Incidentally, the water flow control member is preferably comprises Al 2 O 3 at a content of more than 50 wt%, more preferably at least 70 wt%, more preferably at least 85 mass%, particularly preferably at least 95 mass%. Further, the water flow control member may be composed only of Al 2 O 3 .
本発明によれば、水流制御部材をＡｌ2Ｏ3を主成分とする材料から構成することにより、水流制御部材への菌体の付着を抑えることができるが、当該効果により嫌気性アンモニア酸化処理の処理効率を高める点から、このような水流制御部材を整流材に適用することが好ましい。すなわち、反応槽内には、Ａｌ2Ｏ3を主成分とする整流材が設けられることが好ましい。整流材は被処理水の供給部近傍に設けられることが好ましく、これにより、反応槽内の被処理水の流れを均一にして、被処理水と嫌気性アンモニア酸化細菌との接触効率を高めることができる。この場合、反応槽内では、整流材（水流制御部材）よりも下流側に、嫌気性アンモニア酸化細菌が保持され、被処理水を整流材（水流制御部材）と接触させた後、嫌気性アンモニア酸化細菌と接触させることとなる。整流材を、Ａｌ2Ｏ3を主成分とする材料から構成することにより、整流材表面への菌体の付着が抑えられ、整流材による整流作用を長期にわたり実現することができる。その結果、被処理水と嫌気性アンモニア酸化細菌との接触効率も長期にわたり高く維持することが可能となる。 According to the present invention, since the water flow control member is made of a material mainly composed of Al 2 O 3 , it is possible to suppress adhesion of bacterial cells to the water flow control member. From the viewpoint of improving the processing efficiency, it is preferable to apply such a water flow control member to the rectifying material. That is, it is preferable that a rectifying material mainly composed of Al 2 O 3 is provided in the reaction vessel. The rectifying material is preferably provided in the vicinity of the supply portion of the water to be treated, thereby making the flow of the water to be treated in the reaction tank uniform and improving the contact efficiency between the water to be treated and the anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria. Can do. In this case, anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria are held downstream of the flow straightening material (water flow control member) in the reaction tank, and after the treated water is brought into contact with the flow straightening material (water flow control member), anaerobic ammonia Contact with oxidizing bacteria. By constituting the rectifying material from a material mainly composed of Al 2 O 3 , adhesion of fungus bodies to the surface of the rectifying material is suppressed, and the rectifying action by the rectifying material can be realized for a long time. As a result, the contact efficiency between the water to be treated and the anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria can be maintained high over a long period of time.
整流材を、Ａｌ2Ｏ3を主成分とする材料から構成する場合、整流材への菌体の付着抑制効果は、上向流式の反応槽において特に有効に発揮される。例えば、整流材を、Ａｌ2Ｏ3を主成分とする材料から構成しない場合、上向流式の反応槽で整流材の一部が目詰まりを起こすと、当該目詰まり部分の上部（下流側）で上向きの被処理水の流れがうまく形成されずに短絡が起こりやすくなる。その結果、槽内全体を有効に使用できなくなり、嫌気性アンモニア酸化処理性能が低下するおそれがある。しかし、上向流式の反応槽において、Ａｌ2Ｏ3を主成分とする整流材を設けることにより、整流材での菌体による目詰まりが起こりにくくなり、長期にわたり嫌気性アンモニア酸化処理を安定して行うことが可能となる。 When the rectifying material is made of a material mainly composed of Al 2 O 3 , the effect of suppressing the adhesion of the bacterial cells to the rectifying material is exhibited particularly effectively in the upward flow type reaction tank. For example, when the rectifying material is not composed of a material mainly composed of Al 2 O 3 , if a part of the rectifying material is clogged in the upward flow reaction tank, the upper part of the clogged portion (downstream side) ), The upward flow of water to be treated is not formed well, and short circuit is likely to occur. As a result, the entire tank cannot be used effectively, and the anaerobic ammonia oxidation treatment performance may be reduced. However, by providing a rectifying material mainly composed of Al 2 O 3 in the upward flow reaction tank, clogging of the rectifying material due to bacterial cells is less likely to occur, and anaerobic ammonia oxidation treatment is stable over a long period of time. Can be performed.
整流材の形状等は公知のものを採用でき、例えば、複数の開口が設けられた板（すなわち整流板）を設置してもよく、粒状の整流材を複数充填して層形成するようにしてもよい。 As the shape of the rectifying material, a known one can be adopted. For example, a plate having a plurality of openings (that is, a rectifying plate) may be installed, and a plurality of granular rectifying materials are filled to form a layer. Also good.
水流制御部材への菌体の付着抑制効果は、被処理水の流れが滞りやすい水流制御部材を用いた場合に、特にその効果が発揮される。そのような水流制御部材としては、粒状であり、反応槽内に当該粒状の水流制御部材が複数充填されて層形成しているようなものが挙げられる。粒状の水流制御部材を複数充填して層形成した場合、粒状の水流制御部材の間で被処理水の流れが滞りやすくなるところ、当該粒状の水流制御部材をＡｌ2Ｏ3を主成分とする材料から構成することにより、水流制御部材の表面への菌体の付着が抑制され、粒状の水流制御部材の間での閉塞が防止されやすくなる。なお、粒状の水流制御部材の形状は特に限定されず、球状、円柱状、リング状、不定形等が挙げられる。 The effect of suppressing the adherence of bacterial cells to the water flow control member is particularly effective when a water flow control member that tends to stagnate the flow of water to be treated is used. Examples of such a water flow control member include a granular material in which a plurality of the granular water flow control members are filled in the reaction tank to form a layer. When a plurality of granular water flow control members are packed to form a layer, the flow of the water to be treated is likely to stagnate between the granular water flow control members. The granular water flow control member is mainly composed of Al 2 O 3. By comprising from a material, adhesion of the microbial cell to the surface of a water flow control member is suppressed, and it becomes easy to prevent obstruction | occlusion between granular water flow control members. The shape of the granular water flow control member is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a spherical shape, a cylindrical shape, a ring shape, and an indefinite shape.
本発明の水処理装置の構成例について、図１を参照して説明する。なお、本発明は、図１に示した実施態様に限定されない。 The structural example of the water treatment apparatus of this invention is demonstrated with reference to FIG. The present invention is not limited to the embodiment shown in FIG.
図１には、窒素含有被処理水１１を導入する供給部２と処理水１２を排出する排出部３を備えた反応槽１を有する水処理装置が示されている。反応槽１内には、嫌気性アンモニア酸化細菌が固定された担体４が保持されている。窒素含有被処理水１１を反応槽１内に上向流式で導入して、嫌気性アンモニア酸化細菌を固定した担体４と接触させることにより、嫌気性アンモニア酸化処理が行われる。 FIG. 1 shows a water treatment apparatus having a reaction tank 1 provided with a supply unit 2 for introducing nitrogen-containing treated water 11 and a discharge unit 3 for discharging treated water 12. A carrier 4 on which anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria are fixed is held in the reaction tank 1. An anaerobic ammonia oxidation treatment is performed by introducing nitrogen-containing treated water 11 into the reaction tank 1 in an upward flow manner and bringing it into contact with the carrier 4 on which anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria are immobilized.
反応槽１には、Ａｌ2Ｏ3を主成分とする水流制御部材５が設けられており、水流制御部材５よりも下流側に、嫌気性アンモニア酸化細菌を固定した担体４が保持されている。水流制御部材５は粒状であり、反応槽１内に粒状の水流制御部材５が複数充填されて層形成されている。水流制御部材５は整流材として機能し、被処理水１１が水流制御部材５を通過することにより、被処理水が嫌気性アンモニア酸化細菌を固定した担体４と均一に接触しやすくなり、処理効率を高めることができる。水流制御部材５は、Ａｌ2Ｏ3を主成分とする材料から構成されているため、菌体の付着が抑制され、長期にわたり安定して整流材としての機能を発揮することが可能となる。 The reaction tank 1 is provided with a water flow control member 5 mainly composed of Al 2 O 3 , and a carrier 4 fixed with anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria is held downstream of the water flow control member 5. . The water flow control member 5 is granular, and a plurality of granular water flow control members 5 are filled in the reaction tank 1 to form a layer. The water flow control member 5 functions as a rectifying material. When the water to be treated 11 passes through the water flow control member 5, the water to be treated can easily come into uniform contact with the carrier 4 on which anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria are fixed. Can be increased. Since the water flow control member 5 is made of a material containing Al 2 O 3 as a main component, the adhesion of bacterial cells is suppressed, and the function as a rectifying material can be exhibited stably over a long period of time.
以下に、実施例を示すことにより本発明を更に詳細に説明するが、本発明の範囲はこれらに限定されるものではない。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
実施例１
図１に示すような水処理装置を用いて、嫌気性アンモニア酸化処理を行った。被処理水として下水返流水を用い、被処理水の全窒素濃度は平均６６９ｍｇ−Ｎ／Ｌ、ｐＨは平均７．６であった。反応槽は上向流式であり、被処理水の供給部側に整流材としてアルミナボール（粒径５〜８ｍｍ）が充填され、層を形成していた。整流材の下流側には、嫌気性アンモニア酸化細菌が炭化物担体に固定され、反応槽内に保持されていた。なお、アルミナボールの等電点はｐＨ７．４〜９．５程度である。被処理水は、空塔速度約１０ｍ／日で反応槽内に導入し、処理水の一部は被処理水に混ぜて反応槽に返送した。１５０日間処理を行った後に反応槽の内部を確認したところ、アルミナボールの表面にはほとんど菌体が付着していなかった。
Example 1
An anaerobic ammonia oxidation treatment was performed using a water treatment apparatus as shown in FIG. Sewage return water was used as the water to be treated. The total nitrogen concentration of the water to be treated was 669 mg-N / L on average and pH was 7.6 on average. The reaction tank was an upward flow type, and alumina balls (particle size: 5 to 8 mm) were filled as a rectifying material on the supply portion side of the water to be treated to form a layer. On the downstream side of the flow regulating material, anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria were fixed to the carbide support and held in the reaction vessel. The isoelectric point of the alumina ball is about pH 7.4 to 9.5. The treated water was introduced into the reaction tank at a superficial velocity of about 10 m / day, and a part of the treated water was mixed with the treated water and returned to the reaction tank. When the inside of the reaction vessel was confirmed after the treatment for 150 days, the cells were hardly attached to the surface of the alumina ball.
比較例１
整流材としてガラスボール（粒径１３ｍｍ）を用いた以外は、実施例１と同様にして処理を行った。なお、ガラスボールはケイ酸塩から構成される一般的なガラスからできており、等電点はｐＨ２程度である。１５０日間処理を行った後に反応槽の内部を確認したところ、ガラスボールの表面全体に菌体が付着して、ガラスボールの間の流路が塞がれていた。また、嫌気性アンモニア酸化処理性能が実施例１よりも低下し、反応槽に導入する被処理水量を実施例１よりも落とす必要が生じた。
Comparative Example 1
The treatment was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a glass ball (particle size: 13 mm) was used as the rectifying material. The glass ball is made of general glass composed of silicate and has an isoelectric point of about pH2. When the inside of the reaction vessel was confirmed after the treatment for 150 days, the bacterial cells adhered to the entire surface of the glass ball, and the flow path between the glass balls was blocked. In addition, the anaerobic ammonia oxidation treatment performance was lower than in Example 1, and the amount of water to be treated introduced into the reaction tank had to be reduced from that in Example 1.
比較例２
整流材として貝殻を用いた以外は、実施例１と同様にして処理を行った。なお、貝殻はケイ酸カルシウムを主成分とした無機塩から主に構成されている。１５０日間処理を行った後に反応槽の内部を確認したところ、貝殻の表面の一部に菌体が付着して、貝殻の間の流路が塞がれていた。また、嫌気性アンモニア酸化処理性能が実施例１よりも低下し、反応槽に導入する被処理水量を実施例１よりも落とす必要が生じた。
Comparative Example 2
The treatment was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a shell was used as the rectifying material. The shell is mainly composed of an inorganic salt mainly composed of calcium silicate. When the inside of the reaction vessel was confirmed after the treatment for 150 days, the cells adhered to a part of the surface of the shell, and the flow path between the shells was blocked. In addition, the anaerobic ammonia oxidation treatment performance was lower than in Example 1, and the amount of water to be treated introduced into the reaction tank had to be reduced from that in Example 1.
本発明は、下水、し尿、下水処理やし尿処理に伴い発生するプロセス排水、食品工場、化学工場等から発生する工場排水、家畜糞尿、畜産廃棄物の処理により発生する排水等の処理に用いることができる。 The present invention is used for treatment of sewage, human waste, process wastewater generated by sewage treatment and human waste treatment, factory wastewater generated from food factories, chemical factories, etc., livestock manure, wastewater generated by processing livestock waste, etc. Can do.
１： 反応槽
２： 供給部
３： 排出部
４： 嫌気性アンモニア酸化細菌固定担体
５： 水流制御部材（整流材）
1: Reaction tank 2: Supply unit 3: Discharge unit 4: Anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria fixed carrier 5: Water flow control member (rectifying material)
Claims (7)
前記反応槽内に、Ａｌ2Ｏ3を主成分とする水流制御部材が設けられていることを特徴とする水処理装置。 It has a reaction tank that performs anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction by contacting nitrogen-containing treated water with anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria,
A water treatment apparatus comprising a water flow control member mainly composed of Al 2 O 3 in the reaction vessel.
前記被処理水を、Ａｌ2Ｏ3を主成分とする水流制御部材と接触させることにより、被処理水の流れを制御することを特徴とする水処理方法。 A water treatment method for performing anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction by contacting nitrogen-containing treated water with anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria,
A water treatment method characterized by controlling the flow of water to be treated by bringing the water to be treated into contact with a water flow control member mainly composed of Al 2 O 3 .
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