JP2016164360A - Disaster prevention shelter - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a disaster prevention shelter which can prevent damage from occurring as many shelters with high evacuation safety can be installed by making it easier to transport the shelter and reducing installation cost.SOLUTION: A disaster prevention shelter has a shelter body with a doorway, which has a semi-cylindrical body part with an open bottom and is partly embedded in an installation base so that an evacuation space is formed inside the shelter body.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

  The present invention relates to a disaster prevention shelter for protecting yourself from various disasters including volcanic eruption disasters and earth and sand disasters.

In recent years, more and more houses have installed disaster prevention shelters to protect themselves from the increasing awareness of the dangers of earthquake disasters.
An example of such a disaster prevention shelter that effectively exhibits a protective function is disclosed in Patent Document 1 below.

  Patent No. 5167505

The thing disclosed by patent document 1 is a steel frame type disaster prevention shelter for protecting a person sleeping on the sleeping article from being collapsed in an earthquake. A pair of upper frame portions connecting between the upper portions and bottom frame portions connecting between the bottom portions of the support column portions are formed in a trapezoidal frame shape whose upper portion is narrowed, and is arranged so as to be opposed to each other in the longitudinal direction of the sleeping item. A main frame, and a protective frame body spanned between a back side surface corresponding to one side of the sleeping item and a top surface connecting between a pair of front and rear upper frame portions; The main frame is an integrally formed product in which the column part on the entrance and exit sides and the upper frame part are integrally formed via a bent part, and the remaining column on the back side is a separate straight pipe and is the end on the back side of the upper frame part. The protective frame body is integrally connected in a state of obliquely intersecting the It is divided into two frames, a frame and a top surface protection frame, and the side surface protection frame is attached so that the front and back of the column made of straight pipes are attached in parallel to these columns. The disaster prevention shelter is characterized in that the upper and lower pair of upper frame portions are attached in parallel to the upper frame portions.
Since the disaster prevention shelter disclosed here is provided with protective frames on both the back side and the top surface, it can effectively perform a protective function against earthquake collapse.
By the way, this disaster prevention shelter is equipped with protective frames on the back side and the top surface and is open without any protective frames on the other surfaces, that is, the front, side, and bottom surfaces.・ Assuming that it is installed in a house in a warning area, it is not only possible to exert its protective function effectively against sediment-related disasters such as debris flow and landslides that have occurred due to abnormal weather in recent years, but also a wide range of volcanic eruptions Even when installed on a volcano as a countermeasure, the protective function cannot be exhibited effectively.
Therefore, the applicant previously proposed a steel disaster prevention shelter with a cylindrical shape with the front and back closed to make the inside an evacuation space and an entrance door. However, the cylindrical shape has high strength and evacuates. For example, when it is installed on the slope of a volcano, it is too heavy to be transported by helicopter, so it will be too heavy and it will cost installation costs. As a result, it is likely that the disaster will increase as a result of the local government's installation.

  The present invention is intended to solve such a problem. By making the transportation simpler and less installation cost, it is possible to install many things with high safety of evacuation and to prevent damage. The purpose is to provide a disaster prevention shelter that can be prevented.

  In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the invention according to claim 1 is characterized in that the bottom side has an open and semi-cylindrical main body part, a part of which is embedded in the installation base, and an evacuation space is formed inside. It is provided with a shelter body with a doorway that is formed.

  As described above, the present invention has a shelter body with an entrance that has a semi-cylindrical body portion that is open on the bottom side, and a part of the body portion is embedded in the installation base to form an evacuation space inside. Because it is equipped with a disaster prevention shelter that can prevent damage from happening by installing many things with high safety of evacuation by making the transportation easier and less installation cost Can be provided.

  The top view of disaster prevention shelter installation which shows one Embodiment of this invention.   The side view of FIG.   FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 2.   The principal part expanded sectional view which shows other embodiment.   The cross-sectional view which shows other embodiment.   The top view of the installation state of the disaster prevention shelter which shows other embodiment.   BB sectional drawing of FIG.   The side view which shows other embodiment of a disaster prevention shelter.   The top view of FIG. 10 which shows other embodiment.   CC sectional view taken on the line of FIG.   The side sectional view showing other embodiments.   The DD sectional view taken on the line of FIG.   The perspective view of the installation shelter which shows other embodiment.   The perspective view which shows other embodiment.   The EE sectional view taken on the line of FIG.   The GG sectional view taken on the line of FIG. 17 which shows other embodiment.   FF sectional view taken on the line of FIG.   FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view taken along line LL in FIG. 19 showing an additional proposed example.   MM sectional drawing of FIG.   NN sectional view taken on the line of FIG.   Sectional drawing which demonstrated the effect | action of the apparatus.   Sectional drawing which demonstrated the effect | action of the apparatus.

FIG. 1 to FIG. 3 show an embodiment of a disaster prevention shelter that effectively protects people who evacuate from the occurrence of cinders associated with a volcanic disaster such as a water vapor explosion or a magmatic explosion eruption. The state of installation on the slope of a volcanic mountain is shown.
No. 1 is a volcanic slant wall that causes steam explosions and magmatic explosions, and is also called the installation base. The inclined wall 1 is formed with an angle of about 7 to 10 degrees in the drawing or a steeper angle (for example, 25 to 35 degrees as shown in FIG. 11). In the inclined wall 1, the right side in FIG. 2 is the upstream side where the volcanic blocks and the jets X approach, and the directions of the volcanic blocks and the jets X are X1 and X2 in relation to the positions of the nozzles.

An excavation hole 2 is preliminarily constructed on the inclined wall 1 that is fixedly spaced from the nozzle so as to form a rectangular recess parallel to the inclined wall 1. 3 is a steel shelter body that can withstand the fall of a cinder. The body 3 has an inverted U-shaped cross section, and extends about 1 m downward from both sides of the semi-cylindrical body portion 4 and the body portion 4. And a leg wall portion 5 that blocks the transmission of high heat through the inclined wall 1, and the inside thereof is filled with a heat-resistant material 6, and the front and rear are open and the bottom is open. It has become.
The entire shelter body 3 is embedded in a relationship parallel to the surface of the inclined wall 1. The leg wall 5 may be formed such that a pair of left and right parts spread in a C shape as indicated by phantom lines in FIG.
The heat-resistant material 6 may be sandwiched between the main body portion 4 and the body portion 4 as an assembly type. Furthermore, an external heat-resistant material may be provided around the outer periphery of the main body portion 4.

The shelter body 3 is embedded such that the bottom open surface faces the side of the excavation hole 2 dug first. The shelter main body 3 is fixed in such a manner that the leg wall portion 5 is accommodated in the excavation hole 2 and the main body portion 4 of the shaped portion protrudes on the inclined wall 1.
At the bottom of the shelter body 3, an inner bottom board 8 is laid using soil particles or small rock pieces of the mountain body itself, and a seat body 9 and a backrest 10 also serving as emergency supplies are installed thereon. The
Emergency supplies such as emergency food and beverages, pickaxes, screw-type hole punches, sandbag buckets, and other drilling tools for emergency evacuation can be used to escape from the door 13. However, it is possible to escape through the hole by making a hole in the inner bottom board 8 and proceeding to the outside.
Therefore, the inner bottom board 8 can be escaped as described above by making it natural soil, but it may be made of brick, mortar, concrete, or slabs made of wood or resin. In this case, if a part of the floor surface material is left to be excavated, an emergency escape is possible using the drilling tool.

  Reference numeral 12 denotes front and rear closing walls, and reference numeral 13 denotes an entrance door that is attached to the entrance. The door 13 is attached only to the one closing wall 12 on the downstream side of X so as to be easily evacuated. The door 13 may be attached to the X side so that it can be used when an emergency is required. The door 13 is hinge-supported and can be opened and closed around the vertical axis. However, if the door 13 is a sliding door type, it will be easier to escape even if volcanic ash accumulates outside the door.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 3, you may equip the outer periphery of the shelter main body 3 with the covering protective wall 15 by the rock of the sloping wall 1, the volcanic ash, etc. so that it can endure a pyroclastic flow.
Further, an auxiliary door 17 may be provided on the downstream side of the disaster prevention shelter S separately from the door 13. This auxiliary door 17 is provided with a door receptacle 18, this door receptacle 18, and a communication passage 19 connected to the inner bottom board 8 in the disaster prevention shelter. For example, the auxiliary door 17 can be opened as a sliding door. You may be allowed to enter the communication passage body 19 and evacuate through the inner outlet of the inner bottom board 8.
Reference numeral 20 denotes a hanging metal fitting used when suspended by a helicopter.

  FIG. 4 shows another embodiment, in which the main body portion 22 of the disaster prevention shelter S has a hollow double structure filled with a heat-resistant material 23, but the leg wall portion 24 has a single steel structure for weight reduction. ing. Reference numeral 25 denotes a side wall connected to the inner bottom plate 26, which has a heat shielding function.

  FIG. 5 shows another embodiment, in which a shelter body 32 having a cylindrical main body portion 30 and a leg wall portion 31 that are slightly lower than a semicircle through a drilling hole formed in a slant wall 29 is embedded and fixed at the bottom. The shelter body 32 is made of lightweight single-layer steel, and has an entrance / exit passage body 34 with a door 33 on its outer periphery so that the shelter S can be evacuated through an internal slope 35. It is configured. Reference numeral 36 denotes a hanging metal fitting. 37 is an inner bottom board using volcanic ash or cinders.

6 and 7 show another embodiment, and an anchor that presses an outer flange 43 by covering a digging hole 41, which is a rectangular solid recess formed in a slant wall 40, with a shelter body 42 having a mountain shape and a hollow inside. The disaster prevention shelter S is configured by being fixed at 44, and the shelter body 42 is filled with a heat-resistant material 46 in the hollow and is also attached with an internal heat-resistant material 47 on the inner surface to prevent pyroclastic flow. 48 is a closing wall and 49 is a door. 42a is a hanging metal fitting.
50 is an auxiliary door, 51 is a communication passage body, and the communication passage body 51 connects the outside and the evacuation space. As shown in the right column of FIG. 6, the closing wall 48 may be configured by forming a slant wall-shaped triangular plate and attaching a door 49 to an entrance that is opened in the surface.

  FIG. 8 shows another embodiment, in which a semi-cylindrical shelter body 56 is installed on a slanted wall 55 and its lower part is embedded, and a door receiver 57 is provided outside, and an internal evacuation is made through a communication passage body 58. The disaster prevention shelter S is configured by communicating with the space. In particular, the protective passage body 59 is provided on the upper surface of the door receiver 57 to easily open and close the door 60, and the protective passage body 59 is viewed from the side. It is a three-dimensional triangle that protects itself from the jet X and opens the door 60 so that it can be evacuated safely and quickly. Reference numeral 56a denotes a hanging metal fitting.

9 and 10 provide a disaster prevention shelter S having a high protection function against a cinder and a pyroclastic flow. 63 is a slant wall of a volcano, in which a cylindrical shelter body 64 having a closed front and rear is embedded and fixed so that only a part of its upper part is exposed. The shelter body 64 includes a column 65 and a bottom board 66 in an internal evacuation space, and the evacuation stairs 68 connect the doorway and the evacuation space that are opened by opening the door 67. A protective protective function 69 is provided on the front and rear upper surfaces of the shelter body 64 with a protective layer 69 covered with rocks or volcanic ash so as to withstand the pyroclastic flow.
Since most of the disaster prevention shelter S is embedded in the volcanic mountain body and the covered protective wall 69 is laminated on the exposed portion, the protection function against the invasion of cinder and pyroclastic flow is enhanced. Reference numeral 70 denotes a slip prevention means, which is provided on the outer periphery of the shelter body 64 in an uneven shape for the purpose of improving safety when the door 67 is opened. Although not shown, a plurality of suspension fittings are provided on the top of the shelter body 64.

11 and 12 show another embodiment.
The disaster prevention shelter S shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 is a type in which a cylindrical body is embedded in parallel to the volcanic slant wall 1, and in this method, the rocks that are the covering protective walls 69 are covered over the entire length of the cylindrical body. It is not only necessary to cover but also to provide the door 67. Due to the space of the installation space, if it is limited to the outer periphery of the cylindrical body, it will be very heavy and difficult to open and close, and if cinder or volcanic ash accumulates, it will open at that weight There are many drawbacks such as being unable to escape.

The embodiment shown in FIGS. 11 and 12 can evacuate slowly and safely with respect to the pyroclastic flow or explosion jet X, and can provide high protection functionality against falling cinder or pyroclastic flow with a simpler method. It aims at providing the installation construction method of the disaster prevention shelter S and disaster prevention shelter S which were made.
The shelter body 74 may be of a single-layered cylindrical body with a heat-resistant layer attached to the inner surface thereof, or a type in which a heat-resistant material is inserted into the hollow with an internal / external double structure as described above. A closing wall 75 is provided at the front and rear ends of the shelter body 74, and a sliding door type opening / closing door 76 is attached to the closing wall 75 on the mountain hem side which is one end thereof. 74a is a hanging metal fitting.

  As a method of installing and installing the disaster prevention shelter S, an excavation hole in which the bottom surface of the volcano has a horizontal width that is approximately the width of a shelter width that is vertically long in the inclined direction of the inclined wall 78 as shown in FIG. After the 77 is formed, the disaster prevention shelter S is installed in the hole 77 so that the door 76 comes to the foot of the mountain, and the upper part appears in a triangular shape when viewed from the side, and the door 76 also protrudes to the foot of the mountain. The disaster prevention shelter S is embedded. After that, the outer peripheral portion where the disaster prevention shelter S appears can be provided with a covering protective wall 78.

The evacuation space in the disaster prevention shelter S is horizontal and easy to evacuate. In the same space, a bottom board 66 as shown in FIG. 10 may be laid with earth or sand or a wooden board to facilitate evacuation life. Moreover, since the door 76 can be provided in the wide appearing part of the slope wall 78 on the mountain skirt side, it can be evacuated because it can evacuate by opening the door 76 around the shade where X does not act. And it can be done safely.
An auxiliary door 80 and a communication passage 81 may be provided on the mountain skirt side of the disaster prevention shelter S so that the disaster shelter S can be evacuated from the outside. In that case, it is possible to evacuate more safely if a protective plate 82 for blocking X such as a jet is provided on the climbing side of the door 80.

  FIG. 13 shows another embodiment. In this embodiment, the disaster prevention shelter S is cylindrical and is embedded and fixed in the inclined wall 85 so as to be inclined with respect to the intrusion direction X of the pyroclastic flow or the like. 86 is a volcanic mountain body, and 87 is an entrance door. a is a hanging metal fitting.

14 and 15 show another embodiment. In this embodiment, a shelter body 90 formed in a semi-cylindrical (U-shaped) cross-section in an L shape as viewed from above is embedded and fixed in an inclined wall 92 so that the closing plates 91 at both ends face the mountain skirt side. At the same time, by forming a disaster prevention shelter S by forming an evacuation path 94 toward the entrance door 93 in front of the closing plate 91, it is possible to evacuate safely from the shadow side even if there is an attack from the X direction. It is something that can be done. Reference numeral 95 is an inner bottom board, and 96 is a seat that also serves as an article holder. 90c is a hanging metal fitting.
The hinge portion 90a is exposed on the slanted wall 92 in FIG. 14, but most of the disaster prevention shelter S including the hinge portion 90a is shown in the lower right column of FIGS. Further, it may be embedded horizontally in the inclined walls 92, 100 so as to more effectively perform protective functions such as heat resistance and fire resistance. This embedding procedure means that the zenith line 90b of the shelter body 90 is horizontal. Reference numeral 97 denotes a guard plate for protection to evacuate safely against an attack from the X direction.

16 and 17 show another embodiment. In this embodiment, a horizontal excavation hole 101 having a horizontal bottom surface as shown in FIG. 16 is formed in a slant wall portion 100 of, for example, 15 degrees of a volcano, and a disaster prevention shelter S is exposed in the middle portion and remains. Install and install so that it is embedded in most.
The disaster prevention shelter S includes a cylindrical shelter main body 102 and closing plates 103 at both ends thereof, and includes an inner pillar 104, a floor slab 105, an evacuation seat 106, and the like as an evacuation space. The shelter body 102 may have a hollow double shell structure, and a heat-resistant material may be put in the hollow portion to take measures against cinder and pyroclastic flow. The hem-facing side of the longitudinal intermediate portion of the shelter body 102 is formed in a protruding shape, and a sliding door type entrance door 108 is provided there, and a slope type evacuation communication path 109 is provided in front of the entrance door 108. It has been. 110 is a protective gutter.
Since such a disaster prevention shelter S is almost completely embedded in the mountain body, it has a high protection performance against the invasion of pyroclastic flows and lava flows, and an entrance door 108 is provided in the state of appearing downstream thereof. Therefore, safe evacuation can be performed during the attack. 102a is a hanging metal fitting.
In addition, as shown in the right column of FIG. 16, the disaster prevention shelter S may have an inverted U shape so that lightweight conveyance is possible.

18 to 22 show other examples of additional proposal examples. The example relates to a device that protects a tsunami that hits a protective dam 161 such as a harbor quay or a coastal dyke facing the sea surface 160 as shown in FIG.
162 is a dam pit formed in parallel with the protective bank 161. For example, along a coastal bank about 1m wide along the road, a long integral groove of several tens of meters in cross section of 0.5m in width and about 3m in depth. It is formed in a shape.

In the weir pit 162, a movable weir 165 having a long rectangular plate at the front and rear, with the left and right ends closed by end plates and the lower end opened, and an upper plate 164 at the upper end is provided. Side seals 166 that are closely related to each other are provided on the outer surfaces of the left and right ends of the movable weir 165.
Each movable weir 165 is vertically moved up and down by a fluid cylinder 168 whose bottom is pin-supported on the pit bottom and whose upper end is connected via a rod pin 167. Reference numeral 170 denotes a guide roller, and reference numeral 171 denotes a lock rod 173 which is lifted together with the movable weir 165 and is locked in an oblique axis shape by the lock means 172.

In such a protective device, if the drive source or transmission system fails due to the earthquake due to the use of the fluid cylinder 168, the movable weir 165 cannot operate upright, and the inland is damaged by the tsunami. Become.
For this reason, this proposed example is devised so that even if a trouble occurs in the protective device, the standing operation can be performed by an emergency operation of a neighbor.

  That is, the rod pin 167 is pulled out as shown in FIG. 18 so that the fluid cylinder 168 that does not operate does not interfere with the raising operation of the movable weir 165 in an emergency. Therefore, an opening / closing cover 174 is provided at an appropriate position on the upper plate 164, and the rod pin 167 can be pulled out by opening it.

  In the middle of the upper plate 164 in the longitudinal direction, another operation lid 176 is provided so as to be freely opened and closed. When the lid 176 is opened, a receiving screw pipe 177 with a female screw is provided there and is fixed so as to be vertical by the front and rear brackets 178. The pipe 177 is always positioned on a receiving member 180 erected from the bottom surface in the weir pit 162.

  However, when it is necessary to lift the movable weir 165 due to the tsunami warning, as shown in FIG. 28, the operation screw shaft 183 having the handle 182 that can be detached from above is screwed into the receiving screw pipe 177 and the arrow When continuously rotated in the direction, the receiving screw pipe 177 is lifted and the movable weir 165 is lifted while the tip of the operation screw shaft 183 hits the receiving member 180. This rotation operation is performed in a state in which an operator is on the protective bank 161. After that, when the handle 182 is removed from the operation screw shaft 183 and the additional shaft 184 with the handle 182 is fitted into the upper end of the operation screw shaft 183 and further rotated, the movable weir 165 further rises to a predetermined height. It will become a form that can cope with the tsunami.

  S ... Disaster prevention shelter

Claims (1)

  A disaster prevention shelter comprising a shelter body with a doorway having a semi-cylindrical body portion that is open on the bottom side and partially embedded in an installation base to form an evacuation space inside.

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