JP6127243B2 - Evacuation shelter structure - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a structure of an evacuation shelter that assumes an emergency such as a tsunami or flood.

  The tsunamis that occurred in the recent Great East Japan Earthquake were far beyond expectations, and there were places where the ground subsidence exceeded 20 meters. Therefore, a facility for tsunami evacuation that assumes such a high tsunami is proposed.

  JP2008-14112   JP 2010-112436

According to the tsunami evacuation device disclosed in Patent Document 1, since it is a steel structure type high tsunami evacuation device, if evacuated there, it can be saved from the tsunami. According to the review, there are municipalities where a tsunami of 30m or more far exceeding 20m hits, and when building a corresponding tsunami evacuation device, it is necessary to construct a device of 40m or more, and the construction cost is high. It takes too much time, and a high evacuation device means that it takes too much time to evacuate by climbing to a safe high place, especially for vulnerable people, while it is impossible to evacuate. If this is set to a high value, the total tsunami wave force applied to the entire system may exceed the expected level, and as a result, the structure will be lifted, fallen, or unexpected. I fear there is.
Therefore, in Patent Document 2, a box culvert is buried in the ground as an evacuation room, and a large manhole is connected between the culverts so as to protrude above the ground, and at the top of the manhole is evacuated. An opening / closing lid is provided that is configured to be evacuated by providing a foot bracket inside.
This is considered a tsunami evacuation shelter, but when the tsunami actually hits and a large amount of debris flows and a lot of debris remains on the opening and closing lid, the evacuation chamber will no longer be able to cover it by itself. I couldn't escape by opening the door and waited for rescue from the ground. If the system waits for rescue from the ground, it may take a long time to rescue and a situation where safe rescue is not necessarily guaranteed.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a safer evacuation shelter structure that can actively escape by itself without waiting for rescue.

In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 1 is characterized in that a horizontal top wall is provided at an upper portion of a main body which has an evacuation chamber and is fixed to the ground, and faces upward in the wall. An escape opening having an open shape is formed in the outlet, and the escape opening is provided with an escape lid that is opened and closed vertically and rotated by an opening driving means so that the escape opening can be opened vertically upward . At a position away from the top wall, a scaffold is provided that corresponds to the upper part of the climbing means that can be climbed from the evacuation room side, and serves as a step surface when rotating the opening drive means. It has a threaded opening / closing interlocking shaft that extends vertically downward from the center of the bottom of the escape lid, and this opening / closing interlocking shaft is screwed into the main body and rotated by a rotating handle shaft inserted into the opening / closing interlocking shaft. While hanging It is configured to be capable lifted for opening upwardly.

As described above, in the present invention , a horizontal top wall is provided at the upper part of the main body having an evacuation chamber inside and fixed to the ground, and an escape opening that is open upward is formed in the wall. The escape port is provided with an escape lid that opens and closes vertically while being rotated by the opening drive means so that it can be opened vertically upward, and at a position away from the top wall of the main body, Corresponding to the upper part of the climbing means that can be climbed from the evacuation room side, a scaffold is provided as a step surface when rotating the opening drive means, and the opening drive means extends vertically downward from the bottom center of the escape lid. It is equipped with a threaded opening / closing interlocking shaft, which can be lifted to open vertically upward while being rotated by a rotating handle shaft that is screwed into the main body side and inserted into the opening / closing interlocking shaft. Because they are configured, it is possible to provide a proactive structure of safe haven for shelter than to allow their own escape without waiting for rescue.

  The top view of the shelter for evacuation which shows one Embodiment of this invention corresponding to FIG.   The front view of the shelter for evacuation shown corresponding to the II-II line of FIG.   The top view of FIG.   The expanded sectional view which follows the IV-IV line of FIG.   The principal part expanded sectional view of the open drive means of FIG.   FIG. 6 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along line VI-VI in FIG. 4.   The longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the mode at the time of escape.   The longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows other embodiment.   The top view which shows other embodiment corresponding to FIG.   XX sectional drawing of FIG.   The longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows other embodiment.   The longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows other embodiment.   The longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows other embodiment.   The longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the mode at the time of escape of embodiment of FIG.   The front view of the shelter for evacuation which shows other embodiment.   The expanded sectional view of the X section of FIG.   The top view of the shelter for evacuation which shows other embodiment corresponding to FIG.   The front view of the shelter for evacuation of FIG.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described. Each plan described in each embodiment can be applied to other related embodiments.
1 and 2 show an embodiment of an evacuation shelter as a whole, and FIGS. 3 to 7 are enlarged explanatory views of main parts related to an escape portion. Reference numeral 1 denotes an installation base, 2 denotes a main body of an evacuation shelter, and the main body 2 is composed of a main body lower part 3 embedded in the base 1 and a main body upper part 4 swelled in a quadrangular pyramid shape on the base 1. Yes. The lower part 3 of the main body is composed of an upper wall, a bottom wall 5 and a peripheral wall 6, and is an RC three-dimensional structure having a regular square of 20 to 30 m □ when viewed from above and having a height (depth) of 3 to 5 m. . The main body upper part 4 is an RC structure having a diagonal wall 8 having a quadrangular pyramid shape rising from the bottom wall 7 as the upper wall and a horizontal top wall 9 at the apex. Inside the main body 2, a lower evacuation chamber 10 and an upper evacuation chamber 11 are formed with a partition wall (not shown). The main body lower part 3 may be a rectangle that is long on one side as viewed from above, or may be a cylinder, an ellipse, or an ellipse. Similarly, the upper part 4 of the main body may be a polygonal pyramid shape such as a hexagonal pyramid or a round dome shape, and has a rectangular solid shape similar to the lower part 3 of the main body, and the top wall (top wall) has a square flat surface. Also good.

  The peripheral part of the upper part 4 of the main body is formed with one or a plurality of evacuation guide parts 13 having an integral gate shape with an RC structure. An evacuation guideway 14 is formed that communicates as a road, and a partition wall 15 that is one or a plurality of front and rear is fixedly arranged in the guideway 14, and an evacuation door 16 can be sealed in the partition wall 15 Is attached. In this embodiment, two inner and outer evacuation doors 16 are provided, and the outer evacuation door 16 opens inward and the inner evacuation door 16 opens outward. This opening direction is not limited.

  The lower evacuation chamber 10 and the upper evacuation chamber 11 are divided into a plurality of sections by a partition wall (not shown), and an indoor space is formed in consideration of use during normal times and evacuation. Water supply / drainage / air supply means will be installed if necessary.

  However, it is assumed that the evacuation door 16 is not easily opened after evacuation due to accumulation of rubble or sand mud. In consideration of such cases, the outer evacuation door 16 can be opened inward so that it opens inward even when rubble or sand mud accumulates on the outer side and does not open outward. It is possible to be able to escape. Here, as shown in the lower right column of FIG. 1, the evacuation door 16 is assumed to open outward, and the door 16 is attached to another outer frame 17 so as to be freely opened and closed. So that it can be removed inwardly by removing the fastening portion such as removal of the nut a from the bolt b with respect to the inner wall of the partition wall 15 or the escape guide path 14 so that an exit can be made. Also good. The double opening and closing method for attaching the evacuation door 16 to the outer frame 17 may be used for an escape device described below. In this case, there are a method of attaching the outer frame 17 to the inside of the escape outlet and a method of attaching it to the outside. Moreover, the escape door which is the evacuation door 16 has an outward opening type and an inner opening type.

  While the evacuation door 16 is opened outward and closed inward, the outer frame 17 with the evacuation door 16 can be removed inward while the evacuation door 16 can be closed without fail when closed. Even when it does not open to the outside, it is possible to reliably form the outlet. Similarly, the inner escape door 16 may be provided with an outer frame 17. If the outer frame 17 is attached and supported on one side of the base to the partition wall 15 with a vertical or horizontal axis hinge and the tip side is detachably attached with a fastening tool, one side is supported by the hinge. Therefore, the outer frame 17 can be opened safely and easily. The outer frame 17 with the escape door 16 can be stably and safely opened with a small force by making the hinge a vertical axis. However, in this case, the base side that is the hinge side may correspond to the lower side, and the front end side may correspond to the upper side, so that the outer frame 17 falls inward about the lower hinge and opens. .

  Even so, it may not be possible to escape from the evacuation door 16 side. As a countermeasure, the escape means is configured as shown in FIGS. In the center of the main body 2, a single circular climbing outer cylinder 20 is provided so as to connect the main body upper portion 4 and the main body lower portion 3 vertically together. Openings are provided at the middle position of the outer cylinder 20 and the upper and lower portions at the lower end, and the upper door 21 and the lower door 22 for preventing water infiltration are attached to the openings in a form that can be sealed. In addition, an integral core pillar 23 made of PC is set up at the center position of the outer cylinder 20, and the upper end thereof is set to be lower by about 1.8 to 2 m than the top wall 9, and in the upper end portion. Is embedded with a female screw cylinder 24. The core pillar 23 may be made of a metal other than the outer cylinder 20 and a female screw cylinder 24 may be formed on the inner periphery of the upper part. In this case, the upper climbing means 28 can be integrated with the core pillar 23 by being made of metal or resin.

Around the upper end of the core pillar 23, as shown in FIG. 6, an escape operation scaffold 26 having a semicircular planar shape is integrally formed as RC. Around the core pillar 23, there is formed a lower ascending means 27 which is a license rope (or a spiral staircase) that can be moved between the upper refuge chamber 11 and the lower refuge chamber 10 by opening the upper door 21 and the lower door 22. Has been.
Above the lower climbing means 27, a license rope or a spiral staircase type upper climbing means 28 is provided so as to be able to climb to the scaffold 26 from either the lower evacuation chamber 10 or the upper evacuation chamber 11. On the scaffold 26, a necessary handle operation for escaping can be performed stably and reliably. The climbing up and down to the scaffold 26 does not need to be a license rope, and may be performed by other climbing means such as a straight slope or a straight (including a folding) staircase.

Reference numeral 30 denotes an exit, which is formed as a round hole in the center of the top wall 9, and a packing 32 for sealing an escape lid (hatch) 31 is attached to the inner periphery thereof. The packing 32 may be attached to the escape lid 31 side, or may be provided on both the escape outlet 30 and the escape lid 31.
The escape lid 31 may be a so-called hatch type that is hinged and can be opened and closed by operating the inner handle.

  However, in this embodiment, it is hermetically sealed assuming a situation where the tsunami attack is high and debris or sand mud accumulates on the main body 2 and the escape lid 31 cannot be easily opened. The escape lid 31 can be forcibly opened by the opening drive means. An opening / closing interlocking shaft 33 made of a male screw that is screwed into the female screw cylinder 24 and can be moved up and down is attached to the center of the bottom surface of the escape lid 31 at its upper end. On the axis of the opening / closing interlocking shaft 33, as shown in FIG. 5, several receiving screw holes 34, which are several horizontal shaft holes, are formed, and these screw holes 34 are provided in the middle of the rotary handle shaft 35. The provided male screw portion 35a is screwed. Further, the shaft portion other than the male screw portion 35a of the rotary handle shaft 35 is a step portion 35b. A spherical body 35c or a grip part 35d is provided at one end of the rotary handle shaft 35 to facilitate operation.

Reference numeral 37 denotes a set frame for providing a plurality of rotary handle shafts 35. As shown in FIG. 5, the rotary handle shafts 35 can be fixedly set by being inserted into the receiving screw holes 34 through screws. Then, as shown in FIG. 6, the opening / closing interlocking shaft 33 is lifted by turning in the direction of the arrow as shown in FIG. 6, and another rotating handle shaft 35 is inserted into another receiving screw hole 34. The opening / closing interlocking shaft 33 is further lifted by turning in a fixed manner. Thereby, as shown in FIG. 7, when the escape lid 31 reaches a certain height allowing escape, the plurality of rotary handle shafts 35... Try to escape through. At that time, the bottom handle 38, the outer periphery handle 39, and the like can be used for safe and reliable escape.
In the above description, the female screw cylinder 24 is embedded in the core pillar 23. However, as shown in the right column of FIG. 4, the female screw cylinder 24 is made of a metal or the like and the flange 24a is fixed on the core pillar 23. It is also possible to stand up and fix, and to open the escape lid 31 by screwing an open / close interlocking shaft 33 having a lower part as a male screw to the screw cylinder 24 so as to be able to move up and down. in this case. If the opening / closing interlocking shaft 33 is provided with a rotary handle shaft 35 in the vertical direction and also serves as a step, and the female screw cylinder 24 is provided with a step 24b for escape, the escape becomes easy and safe.
The escape lid 31 and the interlocking shaft 33 can rotate integrally. However, the escape lid 31 may be fixed due to a change with time and difficult to rotate. As shown in the right column, the lid 31 may be forcibly opened directly above by connecting the rotary joint a so as to be relatively rotatable and screwing up the opening / closing interlocking shaft 33. In this case, as shown by the arrow Y, if the lid 31 is lifted not through its center but through an eccentric position, the lifting force applied to the lid 31 is biased so that it can be easily opened. As another method of offsetting and lifting the lid 31, as shown in the upper right column of FIG. 7, it is possible to provide a convex portion c at a position offset in the outer diameter direction of the rotary joint a. In this case, if the bottom surface of the rotary joint a is flat, the force that pulls down the interlocking shaft 33 as shown by the arrow acts as the force that closes the lid 31 at the center, so that the lid 31 is not biased at the center position. By being pulled down, the sealing property is evenly obtained all around. On the other hand, the lifting force acts on the biased position via the convex portion c, and the lid 31 can be easily opened.

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the escaped person can safely use the safety handrail 41 provided along the upper face pedestal 40 that has strength and also reinforces the upper body 4, so that the inclined wall 8 can be safely used. You can get down to the installation base 1 by going down. The upper surface ridge table 40 may extend in all directions in FIG.
Reference numeral 42 in FIGS. 6 and 7 denotes a fall prevention means, which prevents a fall to the upper climbing means 28 other than the scaffold 26 when the rotary operation is performed on the scaffold 26 or when the rotary handle shaft 35 is stepped into the escape posture. Therefore, it may be formed simply with a net or a fence-like member.
In the above description, the rotary handle shaft 35 is inserted. However, the rotary handle shaft 35 may be fixed to the opening / closing lift shaft 33 in advance. For example, as shown in FIG. Further, a handle system having a step function may be used, or escape may be attempted by a climbing system such as a stepladder as shown in FIGS.
Further, in the above description, the main body upper portion 4 is a quadrangular pyramid shape. However, a similar escape means may be formed in the main body upper portion 4 by making it a round dome shape as shown by an imaginary line in FIG.
Further, as shown in the right column of FIG. 7, the opening / closing interlocking shaft 33 and the escape lid 31 may be connected to each other so as to be relatively rotatable by the rotation joint a so that the lid 31 can be easily opened.

  FIG. 8 shows another embodiment. In this embodiment, an additional body 45 made of a hollow body made of foamed resin or light metal is attached to the upper surface of the escape lid 31, and a surrounding wall 46 is projected on the top wall 9 corresponding to the additional body 45 so as to project the additional body. 45 is protected from the tsunami. As a result, the additional body 45 has a protruding shape, so that debris, sand mud and the like are less likely to accumulate on it, and as a result, the open / close interlock shaft 33 is screwed up for escape. In this example, when the lid 31 is lifted, the escape lid 31 is easily lifted so that the escape is easily and reliably performed. The surrounding wall 46 makes it easy to raise the additional body 45 by preventing debris, sand mud and the like from accumulating around the additional body 45.

9 and 10 show another embodiment. The embodiment shows an example of preventing rubble and the like from accumulating in the outer area of the escape means of the evacuation shelter and preventing the escape lid 31 from opening. A core shaft 48, which is a male shaft, is erected on the scaffold 26 via a fixed flange 48a at the lower end. An open / close interlock shaft 49 having a female screw is screwed up and down on the outer periphery of the scaffold 26 so that it can also be used as a step on the outer periphery. The escape lid 31 is configured to open while rotating by rotating the rotary handle 50. In this case, a spiral scraper 51 is provided on the upper surface of the escape lid 31 together with the rotary handle 50. By rotating as shown in FIG. 9, debris and the like are eliminated on the outer periphery. As a result, the escape lid 31 can be opened easily and the escape can be performed without any obstacles. The scraper 51 may have a larger diameter than shown in FIG. It is also applied to the case of a round dome like a virtual line. 52 is an escape handrail. The scraper 51 also serves as a rotation operation member for rescue from the outside, but the scraper 51 may not be provided. The rotary handle 50 is U-shaped but may be a single shaft. 57 is used as a climbing stand to assist in escape.
The opening / closing interlocking shaft 49 shown in FIG. 10 is rotatable with respect to the escape lid 31 as shown in FIG. 11 so that no rotational resistance torque for large opening is generated in the escape lid 31 and it can be forcibly opened directly above. Also good.
FIG. 11 shows the case where the escape lid 31 is fixed to the escape outlet 30 due to secular change and the rotation handle 50 cannot generate a rotation operation torque sufficient to rotate the integral lid 31 to the handle 50 by the rotation handle 50. The countermeasures are shown. That is, a rotary joint a is provided at the upper end of an opening / closing interlocking shaft 49 that is a female screw cylinder that can be raised to the core shaft 48, and the lid 31 is opened directly by rotating the rotary handle 50. The handle 50 also serves as a step when escaping, but the lower height range can be escaped by transferring to the handle 50 using step S.

  FIG. 12 shows that the escape lid 31 can be opened just above. The lower end of the core shaft 48 is supported by the bearing B via the rotary joint a, and the opening / closing interlocking shaft 49 and the escape lid 31 are directly above. It is designed to be opened by screwing up. A rotation handle 50 and step S are attached to the core shaft 48, and a step S is also attached to the opening / closing interlocking shaft 49 so that it can be used as a step when exiting.

  FIG. 13 shows another embodiment. In this embodiment, an escape lid 31 made of resin or the like that opens and closes the escape opening 30 opened in the top wall 9 is supported by a hinge 55 as an inner opening type and sealed by a lock 56 so as to escape. In this case, as shown in FIG. 14, after the lock 56 is removed and the escape lid 31 is opened inward, it is allowed to escape from the exit 30 using the climbing stand 57 or a step (not shown). The reason why the escape lid 31 is of the inward opening type is that the deposits 58 such as rubble and sand mud can be easily opened even if they are on the escape lid 31 as shown in FIG. An additional body 59 such as a foamed resin or a hollow body may be provided on the upper surface of the escape lid 31 so that the escape outlet 30 is not blocked by rubble or the like. Reference numeral 60 in FIG. 13 denotes an enclosure guard, which is provided around the escape outlet 30 so that a large floating object does not block the escape outlet 30. When the lock 56 is removed, the escape lid 31 attempts to open inward due to its weight, etc. In order to make the instantaneous opening operation gentle at that time, a damper 61 with built-in air or oil as shown in FIG. If the buffer means is provided, it can be safely opened.

  15 and 16 show another embodiment. In the RC evacuation shelter as shown in FIG. 15, if the escape means (exit) is set at the top, it is assumed that the floating material is deposited on the top and the escape is not guaranteed, for example. Even if it escapes from the top, it is dangerous and time-consuming to get down to the installation base 62. On the other hand, if an escape means (exit) is set at the bottom of the dome, it will escape to the outside due to a large amount of deposits. Even it may be impossible. From such a point of view, the escape means is configured for the dome slope portion as a deposit that is relatively small and easy to escape, and that it can get down to the ground relatively easily after escape.

  The main body of the shelter is composed of a rectangular parallelepiped lower portion 63 and a round dome-shaped upper portion 64, and the evacuation chamber is composed of a lower evacuation chamber 65 and upper and lower evacuation chambers 66, 66. Reference numeral 67 denotes an evacuation door, 68 denotes a license rope type climbing means, 69 denotes an upper door, 70 denotes a lower door, and 71 denotes an upper floor. Several mounting ports 72 are opened at the middle height of the main body upper portion 64, that is, a peripheral portion corresponding to the upper position of the upper floor 71, and a window frame 73 is fitted and set through the mounting ports 72. The window frame 73 is formed with an exit 74 as shown in FIG. 16 in which the portion X in FIG. 15 is enlarged, and an escape lid 77 is opened and closed via an external hinge 75 and a lock 76 on the outside. It is provided freely. The escape lid 77 is configured to open outward with the lower end as a fulcrum. This is because it is assumed that the opening is easy to remove the deposit assuming that the deposit is left in the entire upper region of the escape lid 77.

  When trying to escape after evacuation, use the climbing means 68 to climb to the upper evacuation chamber 66 on the upper floor 71, where the lock 76 is released and the escape lid 74 is opened to open the escape outlet 74 and escape. Try to plan. Reference numeral 78 is a transparent window member for visually confirming the state of external deposition, and 79 is an additional body such as foamed resin for preventing debris and the like from accumulating on the escape lid 77. 80 is for the person who escapes in the step to descend safely to the skirt. The escape means at the slope position and the escape means from the apex shown in FIG. On the other hand, the escape means shown in FIG. 16 may be installed not on the slope but on the top of the dome or the top wall of FIG. 4 as shown in the right column of FIG.

  17 and 18 show another embodiment. The RC evacuation shelter according to the embodiment is composed of a rectangular parallelepiped lower body 83 embedded in the basement and a main body upper 84 having an integral quadrangular pyramid shape, and escapes to an intermediate height of the upper body 84. Means are provided. In the above-described embodiment, the dome type is targeted, but in this embodiment, the quadrangular pyramid type is targeted. A lower evacuation chamber 85 is formed in the lower part 83 of the main body, and after evacuating by opening the evacuation door 87 provided in the evacuation guide part 86 provided around the skirt of the upper part 84 of the main body, the evacuation is performed through the lower climbing means 88 such as a slope. The room 85 can be evacuated. The evacuation door 87 is provided at a plurality of stages inside and outside to enable safe evacuation. The upper part 84 of the main body has an upper evacuation chamber 89 in two stages, upper and lower, and can be climbed through upper climbing means 90 such as a slope. A gate-shaped escape guiding portion 92 is formed in the peripheral portion of the intermediate height of the main body upper portion 84, and an escape lid (door) 93 is provided therein. 94 is an escape staircase.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Installation base 2 ... Main body 3 ... Lower part of main body 4 ... Upper part of main body 10 ... Lower refuge chamber 11 ... Upper refuge chamber 30 ... Escape 31 ... Escape lid 33 ... Opening / closing interlocking shaft 34 ... Receiving screw hole 35 ... Rotating handle shaft

Claims (1)

A horizontal top wall is provided at the top of the main body that has an evacuation chamber and is fixed to the ground, and an escape opening that opens upward is formed in the wall. An escape lid that is opened and closed in a vertical direction while being rotated by the opening drive means is provided so that it can be opened at a distance from the escape chamber side. A scaffold corresponding to the upper part of the ascending / descending means and serving as a step surface when the opening driving means is rotated is provided, and the opening driving means includes a threaded opening / closing interlocking shaft extending vertically downward from the center of the bottom surface of the escape lid. , for evacuation of the closing interlocking shaft is configured to be lifted to open vertically upward while being rotated by the rotational operation of the rotary handle shaft to be inserted into the opening interlocking shaft have been screwed to the main body Structure of Eruta.

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