JP2016093183A - タンパク質および核酸送達媒体、その成分および機構 - Google Patents
タンパク質および核酸送達媒体、その成分および機構 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、概して、タンパク質および核酸送達成分、組成物、機構ならびにその送達の方法に関する。
成熟キャプシド殻のパッケージング能力は見出されていない。遺伝子治療の改善された媒体に関して、特に核酸およびタンパク質の両方を送達することができるプラットフォームに関して望まれるまだ多くのことがある。顕著な問題は、遺伝子パッケージングが非効率であり、送達される核酸物質が少量であり、ターゲッティングが不十分であり、そして組織特異性がないことに関する。核酸およびタンパク質の送達に用いられている他の方法は多くの制限を有する:例えば、裸のDNAの注入は、非常に低い発現を有する;電気穿孔法は、それに付随する高い割合の細胞死を有する;多くのウイルスベクターは、送達のために少量の核酸を運ぶことのみができる;そして、カチオンリポソーム送達に付随する投与量に関連した毒性があり得る。これらの問題を取り扱うプラットフォームが、開発される必要がある。
用語の意味が当該用語の一般的に使用される意味から逸脱する場合、特に表示のない限り、出願人は、以下に提供された専門用語を使用することを意図する。
本発明は、本明細書中に含まれる以下の具体的な実施形態の詳細な記載を参照することによって、より容易に理解され得る。本発明は、そのある実施形態の具体的な詳細に関して記載されているけれども、そのような詳細は本発明の範囲を限定するものとしてみなされるべきではないと意図される。「バクテリオファージT4からの乱雑なDNAパッケージングマシン」との名称で2010年4月9日に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/322,334号を含む、本明細書中にて述べられた参考文献およびそれらの中で引用された参考文献の全文は、参照により、それらの全体が本明細書中に援用されている。
ファージの頭部は、機能的DNAパッケージングマシンを再会合させ、DNAをパッケージする。Leimanら、「Structure and morphogenesis of bacteriophage T4」、Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 60: 2356-70 (2003)に記載のように、ファージT4のgp10はgp11と会合してプラットフォームの尾部ピンを形成する。尾部ピンアセンブリは尾部アセンブリの第1段階であるため、gp10が存在しないと尾構造は会合しない。タンパク質gp13、gp14およびgp15は首部に会合し、パッケージされた頭部を封鎖し、gp13タンパク質は、DNAパッケージング後にポータルタンパク質gp20と直接相互作用し、次いで、gp14とgp15とがgp13のプラットフォーム上で会合する。10am13am変異体(ならびにファージλおよび他のファージにおける類似変異体)は、コンカテマーDNAの切断およびパッケージングモーターの解離を含むパッケージング工程のすべてを完了させる。DNA完全ファージ頭部は、10am13am変異体が感染した細胞に蓄積し、首部および尾部のタンパク質とのインビトロ相補によって感染性ウイルス粒子に変換され得る。このため、よく受け入れられている逐次会合モデルによれば、DNAパッケージングの完了後の頭部は、パッケージングモーターに対して最も小さいが首部タンパク質に対して高い親和性を有すると期待される。本発明の新しい局面は、パッケージングマシンが「プロヘッド」(図1、工程A)と完成または成熟した「ファージ頭部」(図1の工程FおよびG)とを区別しないことを初めて示したことに関する。
単一の成熟ファージ頭部会合パッケージングマシンはキャプシドを再充填する。実施例1は完全頭部がDNAをパッケージすることを示すけれども、CsCl勾配遠心の間に、完全頭部の一部がDNAを放出し、それらを不完全頭部に変換させたことが議論され得る。この問題に取り組むために、CsCl勾配遠心なしに10am13am頭部を調製する。感染された細胞をDNアーゼIの存在下で溶菌し、そして分画遠心によってファージ頭部を単離する。不完全頭部および完全頭部の混合物を含むこれらの頭部をDNA(50〜766bpラダーフラグメント)でパッケージし、次いでそれらをCsCl密度勾配遠心によって分離する。これは、完全頭部からのDNAの放出を最小限にするだけでなく、より重要には、CsCl勾配内の高密度位置(低バンド)へのDNA沈殿物をパッケージするのが完全頭部のみであることを確保する。
単一の成熟ファージ頭部会合パッケージングマシンはキャプシドを再充填する。「フォースクランプ」様式にて、デュアルトラップ光ピンセットを使用して単一分子実験を実施する。非加水分解性アナログ、ATP−γ−Sの存在下にて頭部−gp17パッケージング複合体を形成させ、T4抗体被覆した微粒子上に固定化する。一端にビオチン標識した基質DNA分子(10kb)を、ストレプトアビジン被覆微粒子に付着させる。微粒子を別々のトラップに捕捉し、そして近い接触をもたらした後、素早く離す(図13)。この「フィッシング」手順を、テザーを形成するまで繰り返す。モーターがDNAを捕捉するときは、力の上昇により明らかである。次いで、フィードバックループによって5pNの一定の力を付与し、時間に応じたテザー長の減少としてパッケージングを測定する。
成熟ファージ頭部会合パッケージングマシンは、複数のパッケージングの開始を起こす。短い39bp Cy5末標識および83bp Cy3末標識DNAを、バルクアッセイを使用して、プロヘッド、不完全頭部、および完全頭部内にパッケージさせる。パッケージされた頭部を、抗ファージT4ポリクローナル抗体を使用してポリエチレングリコール(PEG)不動態化クオーツ表面上に固定化し、そして全反射顕微鏡および単一分子検出を使用して蛍光粒子を画像化する。試料あたり少なくとも30画像面積あたりの輝点の平均数を決定することによって、「光を放つ」頭部を数値化する(図19および21;蛍光画像に関する図23および24を参照)。バルクアッセイと一貫して、標識DNAをパッケージする不完全頭部に相当する輝点の平均数は、空のプロヘッドよりも約5倍大きく、そして完全頭部よりも約10倍大きい(図20および22)。gp17を省略したコントロール実験は、0〜2の輝点を有した。これは、表面結合物質の非特異的蛍光が無視し得る程度であることを示す(パッケージされた試料を、室温にて約20時間、過剰なDNアーゼI[10μg/ml]で処理し、未パッケージのまたは非特異的に結合されたDNAを消化させた。さらに、蛍光DNAをパッケージする個々の頭部の蛍光強度ヒストグラムの解析は、個々の不完全頭部試料に関する加重平均強度がおよそ5,500ユニット(任意ユニット)であり、一方で、プロヘッドに関しては4,000ユニットであることを示し、不完全頭部はプロヘッドよりも多くのDNAをパッケージすることを示唆する(図25)。これを、各スポットの蛍光シグナルを退色させるために必要な光退色工程の数によってさらに数量化する(図26)。これらのデータは、不完全頭部が、頭部あたり平均して5つから6つのDNA分子を含むのに対して、プロヘッドおよび完全頭部は、頭部あたり4つのDNA分子を含むことを示す。このため、プロキャプシドのような成熟ファージ頭部は、複数のパッケージングの開始を起こし得る。単一分子データはまた、不完全頭部、完全頭部およびプロヘッド間のパッケージング効率の差異が大きいことは、完全頭部およびプロヘッドの大部分においてパッケージングを開始することができないことから生じることを示唆する。DNAパッケージングを開始することが出来る頭部については、パッケージされた分子の数は3種間で僅かに異なるのみである。
10am13am頭部の精製。ファージ頭部(不完全頭部および完全頭部の両方)を、10am13am変異体を感染させたEscherichia coli P301から単離する。プロヘッドを、17am18amrII変異体を感染させたE.coliから単離する。上記手順に従って、プロヘッドおよびファージ頭部を精製する。簡潔には、感染細胞(500ml培養物)を、10μg/ml DNアーゼIおよびクロロホルム(1ml)を含む40mlのPi−Mgバッファ(26mM Na2HPO4、68mM NaCl、22mM KH2PO4、1mM MgSO4(pH7.5))にて溶菌させ、そして37℃にて30分間インキュベートし、DNAを消化させる。溶菌液を4,300gにて10分間遠心し、そして上清を34,500gにて45分間遠心する。上清を2.5mlの50mM Tris−HCl(pH7.5)および5mM MgCl2に再懸濁し、そして低および高速遠心に再度供する。次に頭部ペレットを200μlのTris−Mgバッファにて再懸濁し、そしてCsCl密度勾配遠心によって精製する。頭部バンド(図2)を抽出し、そして10mM Tris−HCl(pH7.5)、50mM NaCl、および5mM MgCl2に対して一晩透析する。上部の2つの近接した位置のバンドを集め、そしてDEAE−セファロースクロマトグラフィーによってさらに精製する(図3)。ピーク画分を濃縮し、そして4℃で保存する。
バルクインビトロDNAパッケージング。上記手順によってインビトロDNAパッケージングアッセイを実施する。反応混合物は精製したプロヘッド、不完全頭部、または完全頭部(0.5〜1×1010粒子)、精製した全長gp17(1.5μM)、およびDNA(50〜766bpラダーDNA[New England Biolabs]300ng、Cy3 83bp DNA100ng、Cy5 39bp DNA50ng、または48.5kbファージλDNA600ng)を含む。30mM Tris−HCl(pH7.5)、100mM NaCl、3mM MgCl2、および1mM ATPを含むバッファを使用して、λDNAをパッケージする。上記のように、5%PEGバッファを使用してCy3およびCy5 DNAをパッケージする。DNアーゼIの添加によってパッケージング反応を停止させ、そしてプロテイナーゼKでの処理によってキャプシド化したDNアーゼI耐性DNAを放出させ、そしてアガロースゲル電気泳動によって解析する。各実験は、必須のパッケージング成分:頭部、gp17、ATP、またはDNAの1つを欠く1から数個のネガティブコントロールを含んだ。パッケージング効率を、パッケージング反応に使用する頭部粒子の数当たりのパッケージしたDNA分子の数として定義する。
単一分子の光ピンセットパッケージング。精製した頭部(4×109粒子)を、パッケージングバッファ(50mM Tris−HCl(pH7.6)、100mM NaCl、および5mM MgCl2)からなる10μl反応容量内の1mM ATP−γ−S存在下で精製した1μMの完全長gp17および0.44μMの125bp dsDNA「開始」DNA(Z.Z.およびV.B.R.、非公開データ)と混合することによって、パッケージング複合体を調製する。混合物を37℃にて30分間インキュベートする。T4ファージ抗体被覆ポリスチレンビーズ(1.5μl)(直径0.79μm、Spherotech)を上記反応混合物に添加し、37℃にて30分間インキュベートする。
パッケージされた頭部の単一分子蛍光。Cy3励起用に532レーザー(Coherent)またはCy5励起用に630レーザー(Melles Griot)を用いた広角プリズム式全反射顕微鏡上で、異なる頭部のパッケージング効率を数量化するための単一分子蛍光実験を実施する。電荷結合素子カメラ(iXon DV 887−BI;Andor Technology)によって、100msの時間分解能にて固定化されたキャプシドを映す。画像を記録および解析するために、自家製のC++プログラムを使用する(Royら、「A practical guide to single-molecule FRET」、Nat. Methods 5: 507-16 (2008)に記載される)。
Claims (3)
- 以下の工程:
(a)パッケージングモーターをキャリアに付着させる工程、および
(b)外来物質を該キャリアの内部コンパートメント内に転移させ、それによってパッケージングマシンを形成させる工程
を含み、
ペプチド様成分が該キャリアの外表面に結合される、方法。 - ペプチド様成分がポリペプチドまたはそのフラグメントである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ポリペプチドまたはフラグメントが免疫原性である、請求項2に記載の方法。
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CN103725703A (zh) | 2014-04-16 |
WO2011125054A4 (en) | 2012-06-28 |
EP2542681B1 (en) | 2019-02-27 |
EP2703491A1 (en) | 2014-03-05 |
US9523101B2 (en) | 2016-12-20 |
US20130196416A1 (en) | 2013-08-01 |
JP2013526850A (ja) | 2013-06-27 |
EP2542681A4 (en) | 2013-10-16 |
JP6127124B2 (ja) | 2017-05-10 |
EP2703491B1 (en) | 2017-03-08 |
EP2542681A2 (en) | 2013-01-09 |
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