JP2016089108A - Elevator rope and elevator comprising the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an elevator rope that prevents oil film shortage of grease of the elevator rope in a wider range of temperature environments than before and achieves both high traction properties and high wear resistance, and an elevator comprising the same.SOLUTION: In the elevator rope, the surface of the strand is covered with grease, and the grease is a composition comprising a base oil represented by the general formula, and a thickener comprising at least one of a metal soap and a urea compound.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

  The present invention relates to an elevator rope and an elevator using the same.

  In recent years, a traction type elevator has been used in many elevators. In general traction type elevators, a hoisting machine is arranged at the top of the hoistway, wire ropes are hung on the hoisting machine sheave, and the weight balance is achieved by hanging the cage and counterweight on both ends of the wire rope. taking it. By rotating the hoisting machine, the car is moved up and down by frictional force (traction) generated between the hoisting machine sheave and the wire rope. As a wire rope for an elevator, a wire rope defined in JIS G 3525 is generally used. The wire rope is impregnated or coated with rope oil or grease semi-solidified with rope oil for the purpose of increasing traction, suppressing sheave and rope wear and preventing rust. In the present invention, the elevator wire rope is referred to as an elevator rope.

  Recently, the elevator elevator speed has been increased and the load capacity has been increased. Elevating speed can be shortened in high-rise buildings by increasing the ascending / descending speed, and the weight of personnel and cargo that can be transported at one time is increased by increasing the loading capacity, thereby improving the transport efficiency of the elevator. As the elevator lifting speed increases and the capacity increases, it is necessary to increase the driving force (traction force) between the rope and sheave (sliding part). Conventionally, in order to obtain sufficient traction, a method of increasing the contact area, such as increasing the number of times the rope is wound around the sheave, has been taken, but since the amount of wear increases as the contact area increases, the maintenance period of the elevator Becomes shorter. In order to obtain a high traction force without increasing the contact area, it is necessary to use oil (rope oil or grease) having a high traction coefficient.

  As an example of a traction type elevator using a high traction rope, in Patent Document 1, a single or combination of polybutene and liquid polyisobutylene is used as a base, and this is fixed with a thickening agent to adjust the required dropping point and consistency. There is disclosed a traction type elevator apparatus in which a soft solid oil agent or a grease oil agent is applied to at least the rope.

JP 58-176298 A

  High speed elevators and large load capacity require high speed and high torque rotation of the hoist, and the amount of heat generated by the hoist is proportional to the current value during rotation. The elevator hoisting machine is prone to high temperatures during operation.

  Here, when the operating temperature of the hoisting machine rises, the wire rope in contact with the sheave is heated through the sheave connected to the hoisting machine. At this time, the wire rope surface and the internal rope oil or grease are softened by heating and are easy to flow. When the rope oil and grease are kept soft for a long time, they flow from the rope surface due to gravity and are removed by the centrifugal force generated when the sheave rotates, and a normal elastohydrodynamic lubricating film is formed between the rope and sheave. There is a risk that it cannot be formed (causes oil film breakage). As a result, there is a risk that wear due to direct contact between the rope and sheave or braking failure of the elevator due to a decrease in power transmission. Currently, paraffin wax widely used for wire rope has a low melting point of 40 to 90 ° C., and softens or liquefies in a high temperature environment exceeding the melting point.

  Furthermore, in the future, in addition to increasing the speed and capacity of elevators, it is necessary to apply to various regions (tropics, desert regions, etc.) with different temperature environments. Even in Japan, in elevators where the entire hoistway is glazed, the temperature inside the hoistway may rise due to sunlight. Therefore, from the viewpoint of adapting to a wide range of temperature environments and reducing maintenance, the wire rope grease has sufficient adhesion (stickiness) to the wire rope even in an environment where the temperature is higher than before, and is sufficient. It is required to demonstrate traction.

  A grease using a synthetic hydrocarbon wax or mineral oil-based hydrocarbon as a thickener disclosed in Patent Document 1 has a low dropping point of 80 to 90 ° C., so that it softens or liquefies in a high temperature environment (90 ° C. or higher). The adhesion to the rope cannot be maintained. The liquid polyisobutylene used in the base oil has a high traction coefficient and excellent traction characteristics. However, it is a straight-chain hydrocarbon and is susceptible to molecular deformation under high surface pressure, and the oil film thickness tends to be thin. . As a result, oil film breakage is likely to occur, and as a result, wear tends to proceed on the contact surface between the rope and sheave, and the life of the rope may be shorter than when a general-purpose mineral oil-based traction grease is used. In addition, when the oil film between the rope and the sheave becomes thin, the power of the hoisting machine is not transmitted well to the rope, which may cause an elevator braking failure. Patent Document 1 does not sufficiently consider these problems.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems in elevators, and prevents oil film breakage of grease on elevator ropes in a wider temperature environment than before, achieving both high traction characteristics and high wear resistance. The purpose of the present invention is to provide an elevator rope and an elevator using the elevator rope.

  In order to achieve the above object, the present invention includes a strand formed by combining a plurality of steel wires and a core rope, and an elevator in which a plurality of strands are further aligned around the heart rope around the heart rope In the rope, the surface of the strand is coated with grease, and the grease includes a base oil represented by the following general formula (1) and a thickener containing at least one of a metal soap and a urea compound. Provided is an elevator rope characterized by including.

  In general formula (1), n represents the integer of 0-4. X, X ′, and X ″ each independently represent a cyclic hydrocarbon having a monocyclic or bridged structure, and R and R ′ each independently represent a direct bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. Q represents a hydrogen atom, an alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or a cyclic hydrocarbon. X, X ′, X ″, R, R ′ and Q may each independently have an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms or a cyclic hydrocarbon in the side chain.

  The present invention also includes a hoisting machine, a sheave connected to the hoisting machine and provided with a groove, a wire rope passed through the groove, a wire rope connected to the wire rope, and a wire rope passed therethrough. An elevator comprising: a pulley; a counterweight connected to a wire rope for suspending a basket; and a control device for controlling rotation of the hoisting machine, wherein the wire rope is the elevator rope. I will provide a.

  According to the present invention, there is provided an elevator rope that prevents the grease film of the elevator rope from running out of oil in a wider temperature environment than before, and has both high traction characteristics and high wear resistance and can be used without impairing reliability. Can be provided. Moreover, the elevator using this elevator rope can be provided.

It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of a traction type elevator. It is a schematic diagram of the cross section which shows an example of an elevator rope (wire rope). It is a graph which shows the measurement result of the oil separation degree of Examples 1 and 7 and Comparative Example 2.

  Hereinafter, embodiments according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments taken up here, and can be appropriately combined and improved without departing from the scope of the invention.

[Elevator rope]
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of an elevator rope (wire rope). As shown in FIG. 2, the wire rope 4 is composed of a steel wire strand (hereinafter also referred to as a strand) 9 formed by twisting a plurality of steel wires (10a, 10b, and 10c), and is made of synthetic fiber or natural fiber. A plurality of strands are formed around the core rope 8. In FIG. 2, six strands 9 are arranged around the core rope 8, but eight strands 9 may be arranged. When tension is applied to the wire rope 4, a force acts in the direction in which the steel wire strand 9 compresses the core rope 8. The wire rope 4 is semi-solid with rope oil or rope oil applied to the surface of the core rope 8 and the strand 9, both inside and both, in order to suppress rubbing and wear between the steel wire strands 9 and to form an oil film between the rope and sheave. Contained grease.

  Hereinafter, in this specification, base oil alone or oil composed of base oil (synthetic oil) and thickener is referred to as “rope oil”, and semisolid oil composed of rope oil and thickener is referred to as “grease”. .

  As described above, the grease included in the elevator rope according to the present invention includes a base oil including at least one of the compounds represented by the general formula (1), and at least one of metal soap and a urea compound. And a thickener containing. Below, each component is explained in full detail.

(1) Base oil The compound represented by the above general formula (1) has a plurality of cyclic hydrocarbons such as a cyclohexyl skeleton, and is a very bulky molecule because the rings are bonded directly or via hydrocarbons. It is a compound having a structure (high steric hindrance), has high shear resistance, can maintain the thickness of the oil film even when the surface pressure increases, and can realize high traction characteristics and high wear resistance. . By using the compound as a base oil, a rope oil or grease having excellent traction characteristics can be prepared.

  Specific examples of the base oil represented by the general formula (1) described above include at least one compound represented by the following general formulas (2) to (7).

In the general formulas (2) to (7), R ^{A to} R ^G each independently represent a hydrocarbon group represented by the general formulas (8) to (10), and the general formulas (8) to (10) In the formula, R A ^{′ to} R ^{L ′} each independently represent hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a monocyclic cyclohexyl group, or a cyclohexyl group having a crosslinked structure. n1 to n15 each independently represents an integer of 0 to 9 or 0 to 11 depending on the structure of the cyclic hydrocarbon, and Q ^{a to} Q ^o are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, A cyclic cyclohexyl group or a cyclohexyl group having a crosslinked structure is represented, and when n1 to n15 are integers of 2 or more, each of ^a plurality of Q ^{a to} Q ^o is independently selected. Q ^a'to Q ^c'are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a cyclohexyl group having a single ring cyclohexyl or crosslinked structure.

In the compounds of the general formulas (2) to (10), the alkyl groups of R A ^{′ to} R ^{L ′} and Q ^{a to} Q ^o are specifically a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, and i. -Propyl group. R A ^{′ to} R ^{L ′} are more preferably hydrogen or a methyl group, and particularly preferably a carbon atom adjacent to the cyclohexyl group is methylated. The compounds of the general formulas (2) to (7) may be used alone, or may be used as a mixture in any combination and ratio.

  Preferred examples of the general formulas (2) to (7) are compounds containing 2 to 4 cyclic compounds, specifically bicyclohexyl, 1,2-dicyclohexylpropane, 1,2-dicyclohexyl-2-methyl. Propane, 2,3-dicyclohexylbutane, 2,3-dicyclohexyl-2-methylbutane, 2,3-dicyclohexyl-2,3-dimethylbutane, 1,3-dicyclohexylbutane, 1,3-dicyclohexyl-3-methylbutane, 2 , 4-dicyclohexylpentane, 2,4-dicyclohexyl-2-methylpentane, 2,4-dicyclohexyl-2,4-dimethylpentane, 1,3-dicyclohexyl-2-methylbutane, 2,4-dicyclohexyl-2,3- Dimethylbutane, 2,4-dicyclohexyl-2,3-dimethylpentane 2,4,6-tricyclohexyl-2,4-dimethylheptane, 2,4,6-tricyclohexyl-2-methylhexane, 2,4,6-tricyclohexyl-2,4,6-trimethylheptane, 2, 4,6,8-tetracyclohexyl-2,4,6,8-tetramethylnonane, bicyclo [2.2.1] hept-2-ene, 2-methylenebicyclo [2.2.1] heptane, 2- Methylbicyclo [2.2.1] hept-2-ene, 2-methylene-3-methylbicyclo [2.2.1] heptane, 3-methylene-2-methylbicyclo [2.2.1] heptane, 2 , 3-Dimethylbicyclo [2.2.1] hept-2-ene, 2-methylene-7-methylbicyclo [2.2.1] heptane, 3-methylene-7-methylbicyclo [2.2.1] Heptane, 2 7-Dimethylbicyclo [2.2.1] hept-2-ene, 2-methylene-5-methylbicyclo [2.2.1] heptane, 3-methylene-5-methylbicyclo [2.2.1] heptane 2,5-dimethylbicyclo [2.2.1] hept-2-ene, 2-methylene-6-methylbicyclo [2.2.1] heptane, 3-methylene-6-methylbicyclo [2.2. 1] heptane, 2,6-dimethylbicyclo [2.2.1] hept-2-ene, 2-methylene-1-methylbicyclo [2.2.1] heptane, 3-methylene-1-methylbicyclo [2] 2.1] heptane, 1,2-dimethylbicyclo [2.2.1] hept-2-ene, 2-methylene-4-methylbicyclo [2.2.1] heptane, 3-methylene-4-methyl Bicyclo [2.2.1] heptane 2,4-dimethylbicyclo [2.2.1] hept-2-ene, 2-methylene-3,7-dimethylbicyclo [2.2.1] heptane, 3-methylene-2,7-dimethylbicyclo [ 2.2.1] heptane, 2,3,7-trimethylbicyclo [2.2.1] hept-2-ene, 2-methylene-3,6-dimethylbicyclo [2.2.1] heptane, 3- Methylene-2,6-dimethylbicyclo [2.2.1] heptane, 2-methylene-3,3-dimethylbicyclo [2.2.1] heptane, 3-methylene-2,2-dimethylbicyclo [2.2 .1] Heptane, 2,3,6-trimethylbicyclo [2.2.1] hept-2-ene, 2-methylene-3-ethylbicyclo [2.2.1] heptane, 3-methylene-2-ethyl Bicyclo [2.2.1] heptane and 2-methyl-3-ethylbicyclo [2.2.1] hept-2-ene, and the like.

  The compounds represented by the general formulas (2) to (7) all have a molecular structure containing a plurality of alicyclic hydrocarbons, and have a structure in which the rings are directly bonded or bridged by hydrocarbons. For this reason, the steric hindrance of the molecule is large, and deformation hardly occurs even under high pressure, and an oil film having a sufficient thickness for the contact between the rope and the sheave is formed.

  The manufacturing method of the compound of General formula (2)-(7) is not specifically limited, A well-known or arbitrary method is employable. For example, α-methylstyrene or styrene is used as a monomer, and this monomer is dimerized or trimerized and then hydrogenated, or a naphthenic synthetic lubricating oil is produced. Can be mentioned. Moreover, although the multimeric compound (tetramer or more) produced | generated in the process of manufacture may be included, the multimer with a large molecular weight may be obtained as a solid. When it is obtained as a solid, it can be used by adjusting the viscosity by dissolving it in a solvent or the like, but in that case, the base oil may be thinned and the traction characteristics may be lowered. Therefore, dimer or trimer compounds are more desirable. The number of multimeric units depends on the position of the double bond of the monomer before the multimerization reaction.

  The structure of the base oil is identified by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and the like. Is possible.

(2) Thickener (wax)
The thickener applied to the grease included in the elevator rope according to the present invention is used to solidify or solidify the base oil, and is an essential component for fixing the base oil to the elevator rope. . In the present invention, it is necessary to select a thickener having a melting point (dropping point) larger than the range of 40 to 90 ° C. which is a melting point of general paraffin wax and capable of semi-solidifying rope oil. is there. Specifically, a metal soap, a urea compound, or a mixture thereof is used.

  Specific examples of the metal soap include saponified (saponified) carboxylic acids or esters thereof with metal hydroxides such as alkali metals or alkaline earth metals. Examples of the metal include sodium, calcium, lithium, and aluminum. Examples of the carboxylic acid include fats and oils, crude fatty acids obtained by hydrolyzing the fat and oil to remove glycerol, monocarboxylic acids such as stearic acid, and 12-hydroxystearic acid. And monobasic acid such as azelaic acid, and aromatic carboxylic acid such as terephthalic acid, salicylic acid and benzoic acid. These may be used alone or in combination. For example, saponified stearic acid and sodium, or saponified stearic acid and azelaic acid, sodium and calcium may be used. Of these, 12-hydroxystearate is preferred. This is because 12-hydroxystearate is excellent in rope oil retention, shear stability and heat resistance. Among 12-hydroxystearates, lithium soaps using 12-hydroxystearic acid are particularly suitable.

  In blending this soap-based thickener into the base oil, the metal oxide and carboxylic acid constituting the soap may be added to the base oil and saponified in the base oil.

  Further, as other metal soap thickeners, various complex soaps can be mentioned. Examples of the complex soap include lithium complex soap, aluminum complex soap, and calcium complex soap. Among these, the lithium complex soap is a fatty acid such as stearic acid, oleic acid and palmitic acid and / or a hydroxy fatty acid having 12 to 24 carbon atoms having one or more hydroxyl groups in the molecule, an aromatic carboxylic acid and / or It is obtained by reacting an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having 2 to 12 carbon atoms (more preferably 4 to 9 carbon atoms) with, for example, a lithium compound such as lithium hydroxide, and is superior in heat resistance compared to lithium soap. More preferred as a thickener.

  As the hydroxy fatty acid having 12 to 24 carbon atoms, the most preferable one is 12-hydroxystearic acid, but any other one can be used. Other examples that can be used include 12-hydroxylauric acid and 16-hydroxypalmitic acid. Examples of the aromatic carboxylic acid include benzoic acid, o-phthalic acid, m-phthalic acid, terephthalic acid, trimellitic acid, pyromellitic acid, salicylic acid, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid. As the aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, azelaic acid is most preferable, but other usable ones include, for example, sebacic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid , Suberic acid, undecanedioic acid and dodecanedioic acid.

  Here, in the total mass of fatty acid and / or hydroxy fatty acid having 12 to 24 carbon atoms having one or more hydroxyl groups in the molecule and aromatic carboxylic acid and / or aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having 2 to 12 carbon atoms The aromatic carboxylic acid and / or the aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having 2 to 12 carbon atoms is preferably 5 to 70% by mass. If it is in the range of 5 to 70% by mass, a thermally stable thickener can be obtained, which is advantageous for realizing a long life of the grease at a high temperature.

  Next, examples of the thickener using a urea compound include a diurea compound, a triurea compound, a tetraurea compound, and the like, and also includes a urea / urethane compound. The urea compound is excellent in both heat resistance and water resistance, and particularly excellent in stability at high temperatures, and therefore is suitably used in a high temperature location (in a high temperature environment).

As the diurea compound, a compound represented by R ^M NHCONHR ^N NHCONHR ^M (wherein R ^M represents a linear or branched saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group having 6 to 24 carbon atoms, R ^N represents a divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 15 carbon atoms.), And a typical one is obtained by reacting a diisocyanate and a monoamine. Examples of diisocyanates include diphenylmethane diisocyanate, phenylene diisocyanate, diphenyl diisocyanate, phenyl diisocyanate, and tolylene diisocyanate. Monoamines include octylamine, dodecylamine, hexadecylamine, cyclohexylamine, aniline, toluidine, and octadecyl. Examples include amines and oleylamines, but not limited to the above, and any known urea-based thickener can be used.

  Of the various thickeners described above, it is preferable to use various complex soaps or urea compounds having a high dropping point when greased. In addition, as long as adhesion to the wire rope can be maintained in a high temperature environment (90 ° C. or higher) and the traction coefficient is not lowered, two or more of these metal soaps, complex soaps and urea compounds may be used in combination. Also good.

  The type and blending ratio of these thickeners must be determined in consideration of the influence on the traction coefficient and the adhesion to the wire rope. The optimum blending ratio of the thickener is 5 to 20% by mass, more preferably 10 to 15% by mass (10 to 15% by mass) for metal soaps and complex soaps, and 10 to 10% for urea compounds. It is 25 mass%, More preferably, it is 15-20 mass%. The longer the fiber of the thickener, the easier it is to solidify the oil with a small amount. However, it is necessary to select it in consideration of the influence on the traction coefficient and the ease of manufacturing the grease. Further, it is desirable that the grease penetration is 200 to 475 in consideration of application to the wire rope, ease of impregnation and long-term adhesion. If the blending ratio of the thickener is less than 5% by mass, it does not become grease and becomes liquid. On the other hand, if it is more than 25% by mass, the penetration is less than 200 and it becomes very hard, so that a normal oil film cannot be formed between the rope and the sheave.

  Grease using the thickener has a property that it does not soften or harden even when heated or cooled. Therefore, not only when the hoisting machine and the sheave become high temperature, but also when the temperature in the hoistway becomes below freezing point, for example, it has adhesion to the wire rope and forms an elastic fluid lubricating film between the rope sheaves Is possible. Moreover, since the change in the viscosity of the grease with temperature is small, the fluctuation in the operating load of the hoisting machine is also small.

(3) Thickener The base oil according to the present invention described above exhibits high traction characteristics, while the base oil alone has a low viscosity. When the viscosity is low, the sticking (adhesion) of oil to the contact portion becomes weak, and the oil film is cut off during power transmission from the sheave, and the rope is likely to wear. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain the structure of the oil film at the contact portion, and a measure for increasing the viscosity of the base oil is necessary. In the present invention, a thickener can be used to increase the viscosity of the base oil. In the present invention, the thickener is not an essential component, and can be used if necessary according to the operating conditions of the elevator rope such as the components of the base oil and the contact surface pressure.

  As the thickener, a thickener having a weight average molecular weight of 1,000 or more and 100,000 or less is added to the base oil. As a result, the oil film thickness is sufficient for the contact between the rope and sheave, and even the wire rope that receives a high contact surface pressure like an elevator device can reduce the damage of the rope oil. Excellent. Therefore, rope oil excellent in both wear resistance and traction characteristics can be obtained.

  As the thickener, normal paraffin, isoparaffin such as poly-α-olefin, polycyclic naphthene such as cyclopentadiene-based petroleum resin, aromatic hydrocarbon and copolymers thereof can be used. Any material having a weight average molecular weight of 1,000 or more and 100,000 or less and dissolved or dispersed in oil may be used. In particular, polycyclic naphthenes such as cyclopentadiene and isoparaffins such as polyisobutylene are more preferable because they have a bulky structure like the base oil and are excellent in traction characteristics.

  In general, thickeners with a higher molecular weight have a greater thickening effect and increase in viscosity when added in a small amount, but when subjected to high contact surface pressure, the main chain of the molecule tends to be broken. Therefore, thickeners having a large molecular weight are not often used in the technical field. However, it is considered that the base oil in this embodiment has a large steric hindrance and a thick oil film. Thereby, since an oil film becomes a buffer material and the damage to a thickener is reduced, molecular weight can be enlarged. On the other hand, the thicker the molecular weight, the lower the solubility. Therefore, the desirable weight average molecular weight of the thickener is 5,000 or more and 50,000 or less, and more preferably 8,000 or more and 30,000 or less. .

  Moreover, the suitable compounding ratio of the thickener with respect to rope oil (base oil) is 10-60 mass%, More preferably, it is 15-50 mass%.

  By arranging the grease having the above-described components on the wire rope 4 (core rope 8 and strand 9), it has sufficient oil film thickness and adhesion to the contact between the rope and the sheave of the elevator, and has traction characteristics. In addition, an excellent wire rope can be obtained. The effect of the present invention can be exhibited if grease is coated on at least the surface of the strand 9 (the surface of the outermost steel wire 10a among the steel wires constituting the strand 9). 10b, 10c) and the surface or inside of the rope 8 are impregnated with rope oil or grease, so that the oil is sequentially supplied to the surface of the strand 9 when the wire rope 4 is used, and the performance of the wire rope 4 is improved over a long period of time. Can be maintained. Further, if the inside of the strand 9 is also impregnated with grease, a larger amount of grease can be retained, so that the performance of the wire rope can be maintained for a longer period.

  Moreover, the rope 9 is impregnated with rope oil, and the strand 9 is coated or impregnated with grease having a viscosity higher than that of the rope oil, so that the rope oil having high fluidity can be efficiently supplied to the strand 9. In addition, since high adhesion can be imparted to the surface of the strand 9 that comes into contact with the hoist sheave and the pulley, it is preferable to use rope oil and grease separately for the core rope 8 and the strand 9. Of course, grease may be disposed on the inside of the core rope 8, the surface, the inside of the strand 9 and all of the surface. In this case, all use the same grease, which is advantageous in terms of productivity.

  The method of applying the grease to the wire rope 4 is not particularly limited. For example, a method of applying the grease to the surface of the wire rope 4 or a twisting port between the core rope 8 and the steel wire strand 9 ( The grease can be impregnated inside the rope structure by applying the grease using a spray or the like at the voice opening). Alternatively, a method of press-fitting grease into the wire rope at room temperature may be used.

As a result of intensive studies on the viscosity of the base oil required for rope oil, the kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. is preferably 40 mm ² / s or more, and more preferably 50 to 1,000 mm ² / s. When the viscosity of the rope oil is increased, the adhesion is improved, but the supply of the rope oil from the core rope 8 to the strand 9 is less likely to occur. Therefore, the rope oil is appropriately selected according to the specifications of the wire rope and the elevator. As a method of applying the rope oil to the wire rope 4, the rope oil can be impregnated, applied and sprayed onto the core rope 8 and the wire rope 4. Moreover, it is also possible to supply oil directly to the wire rope 4 at room temperature as maintenance oil for the elevator rope.

  In addition, an additive can be added to the above-described rope oil and grease in order to impart functions such as rust prevention, oxidation prevention, and wear suppression unless the adhesion to the wire rope and the traction coefficient are lowered. Examples of the rust preventive agent include metal salts of sulfonic acid compounds and amines. Examples of antioxidants include phenolic antioxidants such as 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenol, amine antioxidants such as alkylated diphenylamine, and organic sulfur antioxidants such as zinc dialkyldithiophosphate. There is an agent. Examples of wear inhibitors include fine graphite, molybdenum disulfide, polytetrafluoroethylene and the like.

[Elevator]
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a traction type elevator. As shown in FIG. 1, an elevator 100 according to the present invention is provided with a hoisting machine (not shown) on an upper part of a hoistway 7, and a wire rope 4 is hung on the hoisting machine sheave 3. The car 1 and the counterweight 2 are suspended at both ends to balance the weight. By rotating the hoisting machine, the car 1 is moved up and down by a frictional force (traction) generated between the hoisting machine sheave 3 and the wire rope 4. The wire rope 4 uses the above-described elevator rope according to the present invention.

  In the elevator to which the elevator rope according to the present invention is applied, the rope oil and grease transmit power and prevent direct contact between the wire rope 4 and the sheave 3. Further, since the grease does not soften even in a high temperature environment (90 ° C. or higher) and can be held on the wire rope, it can be used in a wider temperature range than a conventional elevator.

  Examples of the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples, but the present invention is not limited to these. The following describes the evaluation methods for rope oil and grease.

(1) Measurement of kinematic viscosity, consistency, drop point and oil separation degree of rope oil The kinematic viscosity measurement (40,100 ° C.) of the rope oil was measured based on JIS standard (JIS K2283). In addition, grease consistency (mixing consistency) and dropping point are measured based on JIS standard (JIS K2220), and oil separation is measured using equipment specified in JIS standard (JIS K2220) and temperature conditions. Changed and measured. Moreover, the viscosity index was evaluated based on the JIS standard (JIS K 2283) from the values of kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. and 100 ° C. of the rope oil. Also, the viscosity grade was evaluated based on ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 3448 from the value of the kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. of the rope oil.

(2) Measurement of traction coefficient of rope oil and grease The traction coefficient was measured using a ball-on-disk test apparatus. This test apparatus has a mechanism for rotating both the ball and the disk, and can arbitrarily change the sliding speed and the rolling speed. The measurement conditions were a load of 30 N (Hertz surface pressure: 0.82 GPa), a rolling speed of 500 mm / s, a temperature of 30 ° C., a sliding speed of 0 to 1000 mm / s, and the traction coefficient was measured by changing the sliding speed. The maximum value (μmax) was taken as the traction coefficient of the sample.

  A high carbon chromium bearing steel material (SUJ2 steel material) of JIS standard (JIS G 4805: 2008) was used for the material of the rotating body.

(3) Falex Wear Test An oil extreme pressure test was performed using a Falex friction and wear test apparatus with reference to ASTM (America Society for Testing and Materials) -D2670. The material of the test piece is carbon steel (Jarnal pin (φ6.35 mm): nickel chrome steel (SAE3135), V block: sulfur free-cutting steel (AISI 1137)). The test was performed under load conditions (rotation speed: 290 min ⁻¹ , temperature: 70 ° C., leveling operation: 89 N, 5 min, main measurement: 445 N, 3 h). The amount of wear was calculated by calculating the total wear depth of the pin and block from the scale change of the ratchet of the load mechanism.

(4) Gel filtration chromatography measurement The weight average molecular weight (Mw) of a thickener etc. was measured with the gel filtration chromatography apparatus (solvent: tetrahydrofuran, polystyrene standard).

(Synthesis of base oils 1 to 3)
In a 10 liter (hereinafter referred to as “L”) glass reaction vessel, 5 kg of α-methylstyrene and 100 g of 12-tungstic acid as a catalyst are placed and heated and stirred at 50 ° C. for 1 hour to react. After cooling in a 20 ° C. water bath, the catalyst was filtered off. This filtrate was put in a 200 L autoclave, and further 100 kg of cyclohexane and 500 g of a hydrogenation catalyst (supporting 5% by mass of Pd) of an activated carbon carrier containing Pd (hereinafter, this catalyst is referred to as “Pd / C hydrogenation catalyst”), After sealing, hydrogenation was performed at a hydrogen pressure of 60 kg / cm ² (G) and 180 ° C. for 8 hours, the mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature, and the Pd / C hydrogenation catalyst was filtered off.

  The obtained product was analyzed by gel filtration chromatography. As a result, the dimer component (2,4-dicyclohexyl-2-methylpentane: base oil 1) was 48.2%, and the trimer component (2, 4, 6 -Tricyclohexyl-2,4-dimethylheptane: base oil 2) was produced at 32.3%, and tetramer component (base oil 3) was produced at 9.7%. The remaining components were monomer (cyclohexane) and light components. The base oil 1 is a compound represented by the general formula (3), the base oil 2 is a compound represented by the general formula (4), and the base oil 3 is a compound represented by the general formula (5).

  The entire reaction solution was subjected to a rotary evaporator to distill off the monomer (cyclohexane) and light components, and then each component was separated by distillation under reduced pressure.

(Synthesis of base oil 4)
Into a 2 L stainless steel autoclave, 561 g of crotonaldehyde and 352 g of dicyclopentadiene were charged, and the reaction was carried out by stirring at 170 ° C. for 3 hours. After the reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, 18 g of Raney nickel catalyst was added, and hydrogenation was performed at 150 ° C. for 4 hours at a hydrogen pressure of 9 kg / cm ² (G). After cooling, the catalyst was filtered off, and the filtrate was distilled under reduced pressure to obtain 500 g of a 105 ° C./20 mmHg fraction.

Next, 20 g of γ-alumina was added, and a dehydration reaction was performed at a reaction temperature of 285 ° C. to obtain 450 g of a product. Further, 8 g of boron trifluoride diethyl ether complex and 400 g of a dehydration reaction product were placed in a 1 L four-necked flask, and a dimerization reaction was performed at 20 ° C. for 4 hours while stirring. The reaction mixture was washed with dilute aqueous NaOH solution and saturated brine, 12 g of Ni / diatomaceous earth catalyst for hydrogenation was added to a 1 liter autoclave, hydrogen pressure 30 kg / cm ² (G), reaction temperature 250 ° C., reaction time 6 The hydrogenation reaction was carried out over time. After completion of the reaction, the catalyst was removed by filtration, and the filtrate was distilled under reduced pressure to obtain a mixture (base oil 4) of 200 g of the target dimer hydride (component of base oil 4: exo-2-methyl). -Exo-3-methyl-endo-2-[(endo-3-methylbicyclo [2.2.1] hept-exo-2-yl) methyl] bicyclo [2.2.1] heptane: base oil A, exo-2-methyl-exo-3-methyl-endo-2-[(endo-2-methylbicyclo [2.2.1] hept-exo-3-yl) methyl] bicyclo [2.2.1] heptane : Base oil B, endo-2-methyl-exo-3-methyl-exo-2-[(exo-3-methylbicyclo [2.2.1] hept-exo-2-yl) methyl] bicyclo [2. 2.1] Heptane: Base oil C, endo 2-methyl-exo-3-methyl-exo-2-[(exo-2-methylbicyclo [2.2.1] hept-exo-3-yl) methyl] bicyclo [2.2.1] heptane: group Oil D, base oil A + base oil B: 20% by mass, base oil C + base oil D: 60% by mass). Base oil 4 is a mixture of general formulas (6) and (7).

(Reference Examples 1-5)
For base oils 1 to 4 and bicyclohexyl (base oil 5), a rope oil to which solid polyisobutylene (weight average molecular weight 9,000) was added as a thickener was prepared. ) And the ISO viscosity grade was evaluated. Moreover, the traction coefficient (30 degreeC) of rope oil was measured. Table 1 shows the composition and characteristics of the rope oil. In the composition of Table 1, “%” means “% by mass”. The same applies to Tables 2 and 3 described later. All of them had excellent traction coefficient (more than twice that of Comparative Example 2 (red rope grease) described later), and showed excellent performance as rope oil. In this specification, the rope oil of “Reference Example” is not a present invention because it does not contain a thickener, but it is a novel rope oil used for elevator ropes, and one of the effects of the present invention. Part (excellent traction characteristics and wear resistance) can be achieved.

(Reference Example 6)
For Reference Example 6, a rope oil was prepared using base oil 1 and styrene elastomer (styrene-ethylene copolymer, styrene copolymer ratio = about 70%, weight average molecular weight 80,000) as a thickener. Table 1 shows the composition of the rope oil and the evaluation results of the characteristics. As shown in Table 1, high traction characteristics were maintained even when thickeners having different molecular structures were used.

(Comparative Example 1)
Polyisobutene (polyisobutylene) oil (weight average molecular weight 700) was prepared for the purpose of comparison with the rope oil used in the examples.

  About the rope oil of the said reference example 1, the base oil 1, and the polyisobutene oil of the comparative example 1, the kinematic viscosity (40 degreeC and 100 degreeC) of rope oil was measured and the viscosity index and the ISO viscosity grade were evaluated. Further, the traction coefficient (30 ° C.) and the wear amount of the rope oil were measured. Table 2 shows the evaluation results.

  Here, the rope oil of Example 1 and the polyisobutene oil of Comparative Example 1 are both VG100 in the ISO viscosity grade (ISO 3448), and the traction coefficient was high for all the oils. From the test results, the base oil 1 was stopped due to seizure as compared with the reference example 1, and the comparative example 1 was more than twice as worn.

  Base oil 1 is the base oil of the rope oil of Reference Example 1 (no thickener), but the viscosity of the simple substance is low, so the adhesion to the test piece interface is low, and it is estimated that seizure occurs due to the oil film being cut. . Therefore, it has been shown that when rope oil is used alone, it is necessary to increase the viscosity of the rope oil and improve the adhesion to the metal surface in order to maintain the oil film stably and firmly.

  On the other hand, although the polyisobutene oil of Comparative Example 1 had high viscosity, the amount of wear increased. Although polyisobutene oil has adhesion to the interface, the molecular structure of polyisobutene is linear, and the oil film is considered thinner than Reference Example 1. For this reason, it is considered that the oil film was easily cut under the condition of high surface pressure, and the amount of wear increased.

  From the above results, it was shown that the rope oil using the base oil shown in the reference example achieves both high traction and high wear resistance.

(Examples 1-6 and Comparative Example 2)
Based on the formulation of the rope oil shown in Reference Example 1, a thickener and a thickener were added to base oil 1 or base oil 4 to produce a grease. Table 3 shows the evaluation results of grease composition and properties. In Table 3, as a metal soap thickener, 12-hydroxylithium stearate, as a lithium complex soap, a reaction product of 12-hydroxylithium stearate and dilithium azelate, and as a urea-based thickener, diphenylmethane-4,4- The reaction product of diisocyanate and octylamine was used.

  As Comparative Example 2, red rope grease, which is a general grease for elevator wire rope, was used. Each of the greases shown in the examples had a traction coefficient superior to that of the comparative example (twice or more), and exhibited excellent performance as an elevator rope grease.

  In addition, the grease shown in the examples with respect to the dropping point is also higher than that in Comparative Example 2, and the oil separation degree of the grease shown in the examples is moderate oil separation degree (0.5 to 1.5%) at 30 ° C. However, it can be suppressed to 4.2 to 5.3% at 100 ° C., and high adhesion of the grease between the rope and the sheave can be maintained even at a high temperature, and oil film breakage can be prevented.

(Examples 7 to 11)
About Examples 7-9, even if it does not mix | blend a thickener with a base oil by adjusting content of a thickener, reaction temperature, and reaction time, it is mixing as much as the case where a thickener is mixed. A grease having a consistency and oil separation was obtained. In Examples 10 and 11, it was shown that the viscosity of the rope oil itself can be adjusted by mixing the base oil 1 (dimer) and the base oil 3 (trimer) having different viscosities.

  About Example 1, Example 7, and Comparative Example 2, the oil separation degree (24 h) was measured in a temperature range of −10 to 120 ° C. FIG. 3 shows the degree of grease separation at each temperature. The red grease of Comparative Example 2 was liquefied at a temperature of 60 ° C. or higher due to the low melting point of the wax, and was entirely dropped. On the other hand, in the grease using the lithium 12-hydroxystearate of Example 1 and Example 7 as the thickener, the oil was retained without being greatly softened even at a high temperature of 120 ° C. (oil separation degree of less than 8%). It was shown that the adhesion to the wire rope can be maintained in a high temperature environment. Moreover, since the oil separation degree was higher than that of red grease even in a low temperature environment of −10 to 20 ° C., it was shown that application to a low temperature environment is also possible.

  The wire rope provided with the grease shown in the above embodiment can be used in the elevator shown in FIG. One end of the wire rope was fixed to the top of the car, the sheave connected to the hoisting machine, the pulley that prevented the car and the counterweight from interfering with the counterweight, and the other end fixed to the counter-weight. It has a structure. This is an example of a traction type elevator having a mechanism in which a wire rope is driven through a sheave by rotation of a hoist and a counterweight and a car are driven. As described above, the grease disposed on the elevator rope according to the present invention can maintain adhesion to the wire rope even in a high temperature environment, and in particular, the outflow of grease from the wire rope accompanying the high temperature operation of the elevator hoisting machine, Excellent effect for removal by centrifugal force. Furthermore, by adding additives in a range that does not affect the traction coefficient of rope oil and grease, functions such as rust prevention, oxidation prevention, and wear suppression can be added, making it possible to use the elevator in a wide range of temperature environments. It becomes possible.

  As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide an elevator rope that prevents oil film breakage of the grease of the elevator rope and achieves both high traction characteristics and high wear resistance in a wider temperature environment than before. It has been shown. It was also shown that an elevator using the elevator rope can be provided.

  Note that the above-described embodiments have been specifically described in order to help understanding of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to having all the configurations described. For example, a part of the configuration of one embodiment can be replaced with the configuration of another embodiment, and the configuration of another embodiment can be added to the configuration of one embodiment. Further, a part of the configuration of each embodiment can be deleted, replaced with another configuration, or added with another configuration.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Riding car, 2 ... Counter weight (balance weight), 3 ... Sheave connected to hoisting machine, 4 ... Wire rope (elevator rope), 5 ... Pulley, 6 ... Control device, 7 ... Hoistway, 8 ... Heart rope, 9 ... strand, 10a, 10b, 10c ... steel wire, 11 ... grease (surface of strand 9), 100 ... elevator.

Claims (8)

Including a strand formed by combining a plurality of steel wires, and a cord
In the elevator rope in which a plurality of the strands are combined around the heart rope around the heart rope,
The surface of the strand is coated with grease,
The said grease contains the base oil represented by following General formula (1), and the thickener containing at least 1 sort (s) of a metal soap and a urea compound, The elevator rope characterized by the above-mentioned.

(In General Formula (1), n represents an integer of 0 to 4. X, X ′, and X ″ each independently represent a cyclic hydrocarbon having a single ring or a crosslinked structure, and R, R ′. Each independently represents a direct bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and Q represents a hydrogen atom, an alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms or a cyclic hydrocarbon. X, X ′, X ″ , R, R ′ and Q may each independently have an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms or a cyclic hydrocarbon in the side chain. The elevator rope according to claim 1, wherein the base oil is at least one of compounds represented by the following general formulas (2) to (7).

(In General Formulas (2) to (7), R ^{A to} R ^G each independently represent a hydrocarbon group represented by General Formulas (8) to (10), and General Formulas (8) to (10 ), R A ^{′ to} R ^{L ′} each independently represent hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a monocyclic cyclohexyl group, or a cyclohexyl group having a cross-linked structure. Represents an integer of 0 to 9 or 0 to 11 depending on the structure of the cyclic hydrocarbon, and Q ^{a to} Q ^o each independently have an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a monocyclic cyclohexyl group, or a crosslinked structure. cyclohexyl group, N1～n15 is 2 or more when the is an integer, for a plurality of ^Q a to Q ^o, the ^{.Q a'to Q c'are} each independently selected each independently represent a hydrogen atom , An alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a monocyclic cyclohexyl group Represents a cyclohexyl group having a crosslinked structure.)   The said thickener is a metal soap, The said grease contains the said thickener 5-20 mass%, and the dropping point of the said grease is 90 degreeC or more, The Claim 1 or 2 characterized by the above-mentioned. Elevator rope.   The thickener is a urea compound, and the grease contains 10 to 25% by mass of the thickener, and the dropping point of the grease is 90 ° C or higher. Elevator rope.   The elevator rope according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the grease has a penetration degree of 200 to 475.   The elevator rope according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the base oil contains a thickener having a weight average molecular weight of 1,000 or more and 100,000 or less.   The elevator rope according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a surface of the core steel is coated with the base oil or the grease. A hoisting machine, a sheave connected to the hoisting machine and provided with a groove; a wire rope passed through the groove; a pulley connected to the wire rope to be moved up and down; a pulley through which the wire rope is passed; A counter weight connected to the wire rope to take the suspension of the car, and a control device for controlling the rotation of the hoisting machine,
The said wire rope is the said elevator rope of any one of Claim 1 thru | or 7, The elevator characterized by the above-mentioned.

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