JP2016027281A - 平軸受の多層被覆構造及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
平軸受の多層被覆構造及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2016027281A JP2016027281A JP2015124347A JP2015124347A JP2016027281A JP 2016027281 A JP2016027281 A JP 2016027281A JP 2015124347 A JP2015124347 A JP 2015124347A JP 2015124347 A JP2015124347 A JP 2015124347A JP 2016027281 A JP2016027281 A JP 2016027281A
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- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
- Y02T10/86—Optimisation of rolling resistance, e.g. weight reduction
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
Abstract
Description
この実施例は、図1に示された構造を有する滑り軸受である。2つの硬質金属間化合物層(14b)によって分離した3つの軟質金属層(14a)により厚さ25μmの被膜14を構成した。これらの層は中間層13上に被覆したが、中間層13自体は、鋼鉄製裏金層11上に接着させたAl合金製軸受メタル・ライニング金属層12上に付着させた。
実例1と同じく、この実施例も滑り軸受である。この実施例では、被覆層は中間層23上に付着させたが、中間層23自体は、鋼鉄製裏金層21に接着させたAl合金製軸受メタル・ライニング層22(図2)上に付着させた。
この実施例では、以下の層構成を有する平軸受を作製した。1つの硬質金属間化合物層34bによって分離した2つの軟質金属層34aにより、厚さ25μmの被膜34を構成した。錫銀合金を電気めっき法によって付着させて、軟質金属層を作製した。付着厚さは以下の表3に示す。
この実施例では、以下の層構成を有する平軸受を作製した。1つの硬質金属間化合物層44bによって分離した2つの軟質金属層44aにより、中間層43上に厚さ20μmの被膜44を構成した。錫銅合金を電気めっき法によって付着させて軟質金属層を作製した。
Claims (35)
- 裏金層、軸受メタル層、任意選択の中間層、及び被覆を含む平軸受であって、前記被覆が、積層配置された複数の層を含み、前記複数の層が、2層以上の相対的に軟質の軟質層と、1層又は複数層の相対的に硬質の硬質層とを含み、前記軟質層及び前記硬質層が交互に配置され、各軟質層が金属又は合金を含み、各硬質層が1種類又は複数種類の金属間化合物を含む、平軸受。
- 1つの軟質層が、前記軸受メタル層に、又は前記中間層が存在する場合は前記中間層に隣接して配置された最内層である、請求項1に記載された平軸受。
- 別の軟質層が、前記軸受の外表面を形成する最外層である、請求項1又は請求項2に記載された平軸受。
- 前記硬質層の前記金属間化合物が、前記軟質層に含まれる金属と同じ元素である金属原子を含む、請求項1から請求項3までのいずれか1項に記載された平軸受。
- 前記軟質層の数が3層以上であり、前記硬質層の数が2層以上であり、それにより、前記被覆の層の総数が5層以上である、請求項1から請求項4までのいずれか1項に記載された平軸受。
- 個々の層が実質的に同じ厚さを有する、請求項1から請求項5までのいずれか1項に記載された平軸受。
- 前記層のそれぞれが0.5μm〜3.0μmの範囲から選択された同じ厚さを有する、請求項6に記載された平軸受。
- 前記層のそれぞれが1.0μm〜2.0μmの厚さを有する、請求項7に記載された平軸受。
- 各軟質層の厚さが、各硬質層の厚さとは異なり、各軟質層の厚さが、各硬質層の厚さよりも大きい、請求項1から請求項5までのいずれか1項に記載された平軸受。
- 各軟質層の厚さが1.0μm〜10μmであり、各硬質層の厚さが0.1μm〜5μmである、請求項9に記載された平軸受。
- 各軟質層の厚さが2.0μm〜4.0μmであり、各硬質層の厚さが0.5μm〜2.0μmである、請求項10に記載された平軸受。
- 前記層の総数が5層以下になり、各軟質層が各硬質金属間化合物層よりも厚くなるように、前記被覆が構成される、請求項1から請求項11までのいずれか1項に記載された平軸受。
- 各軟質層の厚さが1.0μm〜30μmであり、前記硬質層の厚さが0.1μm〜8.0μmである、請求項12に記載された平軸受。
- 各軟質層の厚さが5.0μm〜10μmであり、各硬質層の厚さが2.0μm〜5.0μmである、請求項13に記載された平軸受。
- 各軟質層が、各硬質層の厚さの少なくとも2倍の厚さを有する、請求項12から請求項14までのいずれか1項に記載された平軸受。
- 最外硬質層が、前記被覆の下半分の位置に配置される、請求項1から請求項15までのいずれか1項に記載された平軸受。
- 最外硬質層が、前記被覆の中心線上又は上半分の位置に配置される、請求項1から請求項15までのいずれか1項に記載された平軸受。
- 各軟質層の組成が同一であるか又は異なっており、各軟質層が、錫、ビスマス、鉛、銀、インジウム、金、アンチモン、アルミニウム、及びそれらの合金のうちの少なくとも1つを含む、請求項1から請求項17までのいずれか1項に記載された平軸受。
- 前記層のうちの1層又は複数層が、PTFE、フッ素化ポリマー、金属硫化物、金属フッ化物、金属硫酸塩、黒鉛及び他の軟質炭素質粒子、六方晶窒化ホウ素、層状ケイ酸塩、酸化チタン、酸化亜鉛、並びに酸化鉛から成る群から選択された軟質粒子の1種又は複数種の分散物をさらに含む、請求項1から請求項18までのいずれか1項に記載された平軸受。
- 前記層のうちの1層又は複数層が、5以下のモース硬度を有する比較的軟質の粒子の1つ種又は複数種の分散物をさらに含む、請求項1から請求項19までのいずれか1項に記載された平軸受。
- 前記層のうちの1層又は複数層が、金属酸化物、ホウ化物、炭化物、窒化物、硫酸塩及びケイ化物、ダイヤモンド、カーボン・ナノチューブ、グラフェン、並びに他の硬質の炭素質粒子から成る群から選択された硬質粒子の1種又は複数種の分散物をさらに含む、請求項1から請求項20までのいずれか1項に記載された平軸受。
- 前記層のうちの前記1層又は複数層が、5以上の、好ましくは5.5以上のモース硬度を有する粒子の1種又は複数種の分散物をさらに含む、請求項1から請求項21までのいずれか1項に記載された平軸受。
- 前記硬質層のみに、粒子、好ましくは硬質の粒子が含まれる、請求項18から請求項22までのいずれか1項に記載された平軸受。
- 前記軟質層のみに、粒子、好ましくは硬質の粒子が含まれる、請求項18から請求項22までのいずれか1項に記載された平軸受。
- 各硬質層が、同じ合金組成を有する、請求項1から請求項24までのいずれか1項に記載された平軸受。
- 少なくとも1つの硬質層が、他の硬質層とは異なる合金組成を有する、請求項1から請求項24までのいずれか1項に記載された平軸受。
- 前記硬質層が、少なくとも2種類の金属元素を含む金属間化合物を有し、前記金属元素のうちの少なくとも1種類は、錫、ビスマス、鉛、銀、インジウム、金、アンチモン、アルミニウムの群から選択され、少なくとも1種類の他の元素は、ニッケル、コバルト、亜鉛、銀、鉄、銅、クロム、カドミウム、アルミニウムを含む群から選択される、請求項1から請求項26までのいずれか1項に記載された平軸受。
- 前記軸受メタル層が、銅基合金又はアルミニウム基合金からなる、請求項1から請求項27までのいずれか1項に記載された平軸受。
- 前記中間層が存在し、前記中間層がニッケル、コバルト、鉄、銅、クロム、亜鉛、アルミニウム、及びそれらの合金からなる群のうちの少なくとも1つを含む、請求項1から請求項28までのいずれか1項に記載された平軸受。
- 前記中間層が存在し、前記中間層が1μm〜5μmの厚さを有する、請求項1から請求項29までのいずれか1項に記載された平軸受。
- 前記被覆の全体厚さが5μm〜50μmである、請求項1から請求項30までのいずれか1項に記載された平軸受。
- 被覆された平軸受の製造方法であって、
軸受ライニング層を接着した裏金層を準備するステップと、
任意選択で、前記軸受ライニング層上に中間層を付着させるステップと、
前記ライニング層又は中間層上に、第1の金属又は合金の層を付着させるステップと、
前記第1の層上に、第2の金属又は合金の層を付着させるステップと、
前記第2の層上に、前記第1の金属又は合金の他の層を付着させるステップと、
任意選択で、その上に第1及び第2の金属又は合金の層をさらに交互に付着させるステップと、
前記第1の金属又は合金の層の金属原子の拡散を可能にする温度まで前記付着された層を熱処理し、前記金属原子が前記第2の金属又は合金の層に拡散して反応し、前記第2の金属又は合金内に1種類又は複数種類の金属間化合物を形成し、それにより、1種類又は複数種類の金属間化合物を含む比較的硬質の層と交互に積層された前記第1の金属又は合金を含む比較的軟質の層により構成された被覆を形成するステップとを含む、平軸受の製造方法。 - 前記熱処理を、2時間〜60時間、好ましくは12時間〜36時間にわたって行う、請求項32に記載された平軸受の製造方法。
- 前記熱処理の温度が、100℃〜250℃、好ましくは140℃〜180℃である、請求項32又は請求項33に記載された平軸受の製造方法。
- 請求項1から請求項31までのいずれか1項に記載された平軸受を形成する、請求項32から請求項34までのいずれか1項に記載された平軸受の製造方法。
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Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |