JP2015534117A - 回折格子を有する光学素子 - Google Patents
回折格子を有する光学素子 Download PDFInfo
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- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
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- G02B5/1819—Plural gratings positioned on the same surface, e.g. array of gratings
- G02B5/1823—Plural gratings positioned on the same surface, e.g. array of gratings in an overlapping or superposed manner
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- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
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- G02B6/0015—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
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- G02B6/0013—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
- G02B6/0023—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed between the light guide and the light source, or around the light source
- G02B6/0026—Wavelength selective element, sheet or layer, e.g. filter or grating
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- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
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- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/0102—Constructional details, not otherwise provided for in this subclass
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- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/29—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the position or the direction of light beams, i.e. deflection
- G02F1/292—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the position or the direction of light beams, i.e. deflection by controlled diffraction or phased-array beam steering
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- G09F19/00—Advertising or display means not otherwise provided for
- G09F19/12—Advertising or display means not otherwise provided for using special optical effects
- G09F19/18—Advertising or display means not otherwise provided for using special optical effects involving the use of optical projection means, e.g. projection of images on clouds
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- G02B2027/0112—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising device for genereting colour display
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Abstract
Description
a)屈折率n1 を有する、光学的に透過的な底部基板を設け、
b)底部基板に一連の溝とリッジとを製造し、
c)溝に、屈折率n11 又はn を有する光学的に透過的な材料の第1の領域を堆積して、第1の回折格子層を完成させ、
d)リッジ上に、屈折率n21 又はn を有する光学的に透過的な材料の第2の領域を堆積し、
e)第2の領域同士の間に、任意に第2の領域の上にも均一な被覆層として、(n1 と等しくすることができるが、等しくする必要は無い)屈折率n2 を有する光学的に透過的な材料を任意に堆積する、
ことによって製造することができる。
Claims (22)
- 透過的な基板と、
透過的な第1の回折格子層を備え、前記基板の上又は内部にある回折格子と、
を備え、前記第1の回折格子層は、周期的に互い違いにした、相違する屈折率を有する領域を更に含む光学素子であり、
前記回折格子は、前記第1の回折格子層上に位置するとともに、周期的に互い違いにした、相違する屈折率を有する領域を含む、透過的な第2の回折格子層を更に備え、前記第1の回折格子層のより高い屈折率を有する前記領域が、少なくとも部分的に、前記第2の回折格子層のより低い屈折率を有する前記領域と並ぶとともに、前記第1の回折格子層のより低い屈折率を有する前記領域が、少なくとも部分的に、前記第2の回折格子層のより高い屈折率を有する前記領域と並び、
前記第2の回折格子層が、ゼロ次以外の透過オーダーに回折される光の量を低減する、
ことを特徴とする、光学素子。 - 前記第1の回折格子層及び前記第2の回折格子層の、周期と、層の厚さと、屈折率とを調整して、450−650ナノメートルの波長域に対する、前記透過オーダー特に1次透過オーダーの回折効率を、反射オーダー特に1次反射オーダーの回折効率よりも低くしたことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の光学素子。
- 450−650ナノメートルの波長域に対する、前記1次透過オーダーの回折効率が0.4%以下であり、1次反射オーダーの回折効率が少なくとも3%であることを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載の光学素子。
- 前記第1の回折格子層及び前記第2の回折格子層は同じ回折格子周期を有し、前記第1の回折格子層及び前記第2の回折格子層のそれぞれは、単一の回折格子周期に、相違する屈折率を有する2種類の領域を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1−3のいずれかに記載の光学素子。
- 前記第1の回折格子層及び前記第2の回折格子層の厚さが等しいことを特徴とする、請求項1−4のいずれかに記載の光学素子。
- 前記第1の回折格子層及び前記第2の回折格子層の材料特性が異なり、前記第1の回折格子層及び前記第2の回折格子層の厚さが相違することを特徴とする、請求項1−4のいずれかに記載の光学素子。
- 前記第2の回折格子層の前記屈折率の少なくとも一方、好ましくは両方が、前記第1の回折格子層の前記屈折率と同じであることを特徴とする、請求項1−6のいずれかに記載の光学素子。
- 前記第1の回折格子層及び前記第2の回折格子層は、1又は複数の、同一方向で周期的であることを特徴とする、請求項1−7のいずれかに記載の光学素子。
- 前記第1の回折格子層のより高い屈折率を有する前記領域が、前記第2の回折格子層のより低い屈折率を有する前記領域と完全に並ぶとともに、前記第1の回折格子層のより低い屈折率を有する前記領域が、前記第2の回折格子層のより高い屈折率を有する前記領域と完全に並ぶことを特徴とする、請求項1−8のいずれかに記載の光学素子。
- 前記第2の回折格子層は、前記第1の回折格子層と類似する内部構造を有するが、前記回折格子の周期方向において、前記第1の回折格子層に対して、回折格子周期の半分だけ横方向に位置を変えることを特徴とする、請求項1−9のいずれかに記載の光学素子。
- 前記第1の回折格子層及び前記第2の回折格子層は、均一の誘電体層によって分離されることを特徴とする、請求項1−10のいずれかに記載の光学素子。
- 前記回折格子層は、銀、金及びアルミニウム等の金属、又は、イリジウムスズ酸化物等の導電性酸化物を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1−11のいずれかに記載の光学素子。
- 前記第1の回折格子層及び/又は前記第2の回折格子層の前記領域の少なくともいくつかは、前記基板と同じ材料、又は前記基板と屈折率がほぼ等しい材料を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1−12のいずれかに記載の光学素子。
- 前記回折格子を前記基板の表面に設け、前記回折格子は前記回折格子の他方側に塗膜層を備え、それによって、前記第1の回折格子層及び/又は前記第2の回折格子層の前記領域の少なくともいくつかは、前記塗膜層と同じ材料を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1−13のいずれかに記載の光学素子。
- 前記第1の回折格子層及び前記第2の回折格子層の周期は300ナノメートルから1500ナノメートルの間であり、前記第1の回折格子層及び前記第2の回折格子層の層の厚さは5ナノメートルから200ナノメートルの間であることを特徴とする、請求項1−14のいずれかに記載の光学素子。
- 前記第1の回折格子層及び前記第2の回折格子層のそれぞれにおいて、前記より低い屈折率は1.3から1.7の間であり、前記第1の回折格子層及び前記第2の回折格子層のそれぞれにおいて、前記より高い屈折率は1.5から2.2の間であることを特徴とする、請求項1−15のいずれかに記載の光学素子。
- 前記回折格子層は光取り出し回折格子であり、前記光取り出し回折格子は前記基板から前記光取り出し回折格子へ向けられた光を回折するように構成され、前記光取り出し回折格子は前記基板の表面上に位置することを特徴とする、請求項1−16のいずれかに記載の光学素子。
- 前記光学素子は、前記基板の外側からの光を、前記基板内へ、そして更に前記光取り出し回折格子に向かってに回折するように構成される光取り込み回折格子を更に備え、光は、導光する前記基板内で全反射を経て伝搬することを特徴とする、請求項17に記載の光学素子。
- 前記光学素子は、前記基板の前記表面上の前記光取り込み回折格子を照射できるライトプロジェクタを備えることを特徴とする、請求項18に記載の光学素子。
- 前記2つの層の回折格子構造が二重に周期的であることを特徴とする、請求項1−19のいずれかに記載の光学素子。
- 前記光学素子は、ヘッドアップディスプレイ(HUD)、ニアアイディスプレイ(NED)若しくは射出瞳拡大素子(EPE)、又はこれらの部品であることを特徴とする、請求項1−20のいずれかに記載の光学素子。
- 前記光学素子は、建設業、照明器具、又は眼鏡類等の視覚補助具で使用する透過的な要素であることを特徴とする、請求項1−21のいずれかに記載の光学素子。
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FI20125971A FI125270B (en) | 2012-09-20 | 2012-09-20 | Optical device with diffractive grating |
FI20125971 | 2012-09-20 | ||
PCT/FI2013/050903 WO2014044912A1 (en) | 2012-09-20 | 2013-09-18 | Optical device with diffractive grating |
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JP2019523895A (ja) * | 2016-05-06 | 2019-08-29 | マジック リープ, インコーポレイテッドMagic Leap,Inc. | 光を再指向させるための非対称格子を有するメタ表面および製造方法 |
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US11243338B2 (en) | 2017-01-27 | 2022-02-08 | Magic Leap, Inc. | Diffraction gratings formed by metasurfaces having differently oriented nanobeams |
JP2022524495A (ja) * | 2019-03-13 | 2022-05-06 | エルジー・ケム・リミテッド | 回折導光板 |
US11681153B2 (en) | 2017-01-27 | 2023-06-20 | Magic Leap, Inc. | Antireflection coatings for metasurfaces |
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WO2014044912A1 (en) | 2014-03-27 |
AU2013320132B2 (en) | 2017-05-18 |
US20150253570A1 (en) | 2015-09-10 |
FI125270B (en) | 2015-08-14 |
CN104956148B (zh) | 2018-12-21 |
KR20150072407A (ko) | 2015-06-29 |
FI20125971A (fi) | 2014-03-21 |
AU2013320132A1 (en) | 2015-04-16 |
KR102123896B1 (ko) | 2020-06-18 |
CA2886339C (en) | 2020-04-28 |
JP6190884B2 (ja) | 2017-08-30 |
ES2769455T3 (es) | 2020-06-25 |
US9625717B2 (en) | 2017-04-18 |
CA2886339A1 (en) | 2014-03-27 |
CN104956148A (zh) | 2015-09-30 |
EP2898262B1 (en) | 2019-11-06 |
EP2898262A1 (en) | 2015-07-29 |
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