JP2015521098A - 湿式レイアップ状態下で熱交換器の堆積物を除去するための添加物 - Google Patents
湿式レイアップ状態下で熱交換器の堆積物を除去するための添加物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2015521098A JP2015521098A JP2015507025A JP2015507025A JP2015521098A JP 2015521098 A JP2015521098 A JP 2015521098A JP 2015507025 A JP2015507025 A JP 2015507025A JP 2015507025 A JP2015507025 A JP 2015507025A JP 2015521098 A JP2015521098 A JP 2015521098A
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- Prior art keywords
- heat transfer
- metal element
- composition
- transfer device
- complexing agent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- 238000009756 wet lay-up Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000003352 sequestering agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 229940123973 Oxygen scavenger Drugs 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 16
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 15
- QPCDCPDFJACHGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-bis{2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl}glycine Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(=O)O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O QPCDCPDFJACHGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
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- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical group OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 10
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- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 7
- VKZRWSNIWNFCIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(1,2-dicarboxyethylamino)ethylamino]butanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)NCCNC(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O VKZRWSNIWNFCIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 6
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- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-gluconic acid Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229910001448 ferrous ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- LVPMIMZXDYBCDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocinchomeronic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)N=C1 LVPMIMZXDYBCDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- WSHYKIAQCMIPTB-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;2-oxo-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)chromen-4-olate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C=1C2=CC=CC=C2OC(=O)C=1C(CC(=O)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 WSHYKIAQCMIPTB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- GJAWHXHKYYXBSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridinedicarboxylic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1C(O)=O GJAWHXHKYYXBSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DBVJJBKOTRCVKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Etidronic acid Chemical compound OP(=O)(O)C(O)(C)P(O)(O)=O DBVJJBKOTRCVKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutamic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Morpholine Chemical compound C1COCCN1 YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002845 Poly(methacrylic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000805 Polyaspartic acid Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940026231 erythorbate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000010350 erythorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013922 glutamic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004220 glutamic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- NBZBKCUXIYYUSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iminodiacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CNCC(O)=O NBZBKCUXIYYUSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002354 inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- WHIVNJATOVLWBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butan-2-ylidenehydroxylamine Chemical compound CCC(C)=NO WHIVNJATOVLWBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrilotriacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 108010064470 polyaspartate Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 description 2
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- WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].C[N+](C)(C)C WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VKZRWSNIWNFCIQ-WDSKDSINSA-N (2s)-2-[2-[[(1s)-1,2-dicarboxyethyl]amino]ethylamino]butanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C[C@@H](C(O)=O)NCCN[C@H](C(O)=O)CC(O)=O VKZRWSNIWNFCIQ-WDSKDSINSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FAXDZWQIWUSWJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methoxypropan-1-amine Chemical compound COCCCN FAXDZWQIWUSWJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000008575 Iron Assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical group [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- WDJHALXBUFZDSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetoacetic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(O)=O WDJHALXBUFZDSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- CBTVGIZVANVGBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N aminomethyl propanol Chemical compound CC(C)(N)CO CBTVGIZVANVGBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013626 chemical specie Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013480 data collection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000368 destabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylamine Chemical compound CCNCC HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000004660 morphological change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005208 trialkylammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F5/00—Softening water; Preventing scale; Adding scale preventatives or scale removers to water, e.g. adding sequestering agents
- C02F5/08—Treatment of water with complexing chemicals or other solubilising agents for softening, scale prevention or scale removal, e.g. adding sequestering agents
- C02F5/10—Treatment of water with complexing chemicals or other solubilising agents for softening, scale prevention or scale removal, e.g. adding sequestering agents using organic substances
- C02F5/12—Treatment of water with complexing chemicals or other solubilising agents for softening, scale prevention or scale removal, e.g. adding sequestering agents using organic substances containing nitrogen
- C02F5/125—Treatment of water with complexing chemicals or other solubilising agents for softening, scale prevention or scale removal, e.g. adding sequestering agents using organic substances containing nitrogen combined with inorganic substances
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/70—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by reduction
- C02F1/705—Reduction by metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/66—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by neutralisation; pH adjustment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/68—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition of specified substances, e.g. trace elements, for ameliorating potable water
- C02F1/683—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition of specified substances, e.g. trace elements, for ameliorating potable water by addition of complex-forming compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/02—Non-contaminated water, e.g. for industrial water supply
- C02F2103/023—Water in cooling circuits
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/06—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment pH
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/08—Corrosion inhibition
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/22—Eliminating or preventing deposits, scale removal, scale prevention
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
- C02F2305/04—Surfactants, used as part of a formulation or alone
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F5/00—Softening water; Preventing scale; Adding scale preventatives or scale removers to water, e.g. adding sequestering agents
- C02F5/08—Treatment of water with complexing chemicals or other solubilising agents for softening, scale prevention or scale removal, e.g. adding sequestering agents
- C02F5/10—Treatment of water with complexing chemicals or other solubilising agents for softening, scale prevention or scale removal, e.g. adding sequestering agents using organic substances
- C02F5/14—Treatment of water with complexing chemicals or other solubilising agents for softening, scale prevention or scale removal, e.g. adding sequestering agents using organic substances containing phosphorus
- C02F5/145—Treatment of water with complexing chemicals or other solubilising agents for softening, scale prevention or scale removal, e.g. adding sequestering agents using organic substances containing phosphorus combined with inorganic substances
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
- Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
実施例1
試験は、華氏約65度〜約75度の範囲の周囲実験室条件で行い、それに対応する溶液温度を、較正済み赤外線温度計を用いて測定および記録した。初期基準試験は、エチレンジアミン四酢酸(EDTA)、ジエチレントリアミン五酢酸(DTPA)、グルコン酸、グルコヘプトン酸、ピリジンジカルボン酸(PCDA)、イミノ二酢酸(IDA)、エチレンジアミンジコハク酸(EDDS)を含む酸性種から中和した様々な錯化剤に対して行い、3つの異なる濃度(0.5重量%、1.0重量%、および2.0重量%)について、湿式レイアップ状態下での各反応速度を求めた。各試料は、300ppm〜400ppmのカルボヒドラジドを加えたpH値が9.8を超える溶液として調製した。すべての溶液は、1mlのエタノールアミンを加えて適切なpH値に調整し、水酸化アンモニウムによって最終調整した。各溶液のpHを記録した。試験の体積は250mlとし、約8グラムの磁鉄鉱を添加し、試料容器の蓋を閉めた。「時間初期」基準試験を72時間にわたって行い、対応する鉄濃度の変化に応じて試料を2〜6時間ごとに抜き取った。1mlの分割試料を抜き取り、ろ紙を通して3重にろ過した。鉄の濃度は、ASTM E 394−09の方法に従って、紫外光を通して定量した。初期試験の目的は、湿式レイアップ溶液中での使用に適し、環境に優しく、周囲湿式レイアップ状態下で堆積物を除去する能力を保つような錯化剤を特定することである。試験の結果、同じ時間における鉄濃度に関して、錯化剤DTPAはEDTAの約2倍も性能が良いことがわかった。EDDS、グルコン酸、および試験したその他の錯化剤は、当初、湿式レイアップ期間中の性能が不十分であり、72時間にわたる磁鉄鉱の溶解量はごくわずかであった。また、キレート剤の濃度増加が磁鉄鉱の溶解反応速度に与える影響は、無視できる程度であることも判明した。
実施例1におけるものと同じ体積、pH、脱酸素剤、温度(華氏約67度)、および磁鉄鉱濃度を用いて、DTPAおよびEDTAについて試験を行った。実施例1の試験段階で鉄濃度が低かったため、鉄の分析方法を誘導結合プラズマ発光分光分析法(ICP−OES)に変更した。試験では、湿式レイアップ溶液中にすでに存在するカルボヒドラジドと組み合わせて、既知の還元剤、クエン酸、およびアスコルビン酸を添加しなかった試料と、それらを0.1重量%(個別および組み合わせ)添加した試料を用いた。さらに、第一鉄イオンが磁鉄鉱と錯化剤の反応速度に与える影響を明らかにするために、様々な濃度(0.005M〜0.05M)の中和された第一鉄イオンを溶液に添加した。試験を開始してから最初の12時間は約2時間ごとに、その後は4時間ごとに試料を抜き取り、時間を記録した。各試料の量は約1mlである。各試料を、0.45μmのシリンジフィルターを通してろ過した。この試験の結果、湿式レイアップ状態下でDTPA濃度を最大4重量%まで増やしても反応速度は変化しなかった。また、クエン酸とアスコルビン酸を単独または組み合わせで使用した場合に、DTPA錯化剤と磁鉄鉱との反応速度が抑えられた。第一鉄イオン濃度が約0.1Mのときに、反応速度への影響はわずかであった。上述の試料を調製した際に、金属元素試料の試験の準備を同時に行い、他の試料と共に評価した。本明細書で前述した方法で、2%のDTPAと約0.1Mの亜鉛を含めて試料を調製した。約2時間で、試験装置が加圧され、排出が必要となった。図1に示すように、亜鉛は、反応速度に著しく、かつ、明らかな影響を与えた。
Claims (10)
- 伝熱機器の堆積物を少なくとも部分的に破壊または除去するための組成物であって、
固形の金属元素と
金属イオン封鎖剤、キレート剤、分散剤、およびこれらの混合物から成る群より選択された錯化剤成分を含み、
当該伝熱機器がpH値範囲約3.0〜約12.5の液体を含むこと、
を特徴とする組成物。 - 金属元素が、低合金鋼に対してアノードとなる電気化学ポテンシャルを有する群より選択された、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 金属元素が、亜鉛、アルミニウム、マグネシウム、ベリリウム、リチウム、鉄、およびこれらの組み合わせから成る群より選択された、請求項2に記載の組成物。
- 水溶液を構成するための水をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 還元剤または脱酸素剤をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 伝熱機器の堆積物を少なくとも部分的に破壊または除去する方法であって、当該伝熱機器がpH値範囲約3.0〜約12.5の液体を含むことを特徴とし、
固形の金属元素、ならびに金属イオン封鎖剤、キレート剤、分散剤、およびこれらの混合物から成る群より選択した錯化剤を当該伝熱機器に導入することを含む方法。 - 高温状態や外部熱源がなくても金属元素および錯化剤を導入することが可能な、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 伝熱機器が湿式レイアップ状態下にある、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 金属元素および錯化剤を伝熱機器の二次側またはシェル側で導入することが可能な、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 伝熱機器が加圧水型原子炉の蒸気発生器である、請求項6に記載の方法。
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