JP2015511882A - Pd−Auでコートされたエッグシェル型触媒の後金めっき - Google Patents
Pd−Auでコートされたエッグシェル型触媒の後金めっき Download PDFInfo
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- JP2015511882A JP2015511882A JP2014557075A JP2014557075A JP2015511882A JP 2015511882 A JP2015511882 A JP 2015511882A JP 2014557075 A JP2014557075 A JP 2014557075A JP 2014557075 A JP2014557075 A JP 2014557075A JP 2015511882 A JP2015511882 A JP 2015511882A
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Classifications
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- B01J31/26—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing in addition, inorganic metal compounds not provided for in groups B01J31/02 - B01J31/24
- B01J31/28—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing in addition, inorganic metal compounds not provided for in groups B01J31/02 - B01J31/24 of the platinum group metals, iron group metals or copper
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- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
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- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
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- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/26—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing in addition, inorganic metal compounds not provided for in groups B01J31/02 - B01J31/24
- B01J31/38—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing in addition, inorganic metal compounds not provided for in groups B01J31/02 - B01J31/24 of titanium, zirconium or hafnium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/396—Distribution of the active metal ingredient
- B01J35/397—Egg shell like
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- B01J37/0201—Impregnation
- B01J37/0205—Impregnation in several steps
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/04—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting carboxylic acids or symmetrical anhydrides onto unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
- C07C67/05—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting carboxylic acids or symmetrical anhydrides onto unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds with oxidation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract
Description
(a)触媒担体(担体)のバルク(Shuettung)を循環運動させるステップ、
(b)Pd含有前駆体化合物及びAu含有前駆体化合物を含有する霧化した水溶液を、噴霧によって該循環運動させている触媒担体のバルクと接触させるか、又はPd含有前駆体化合物を含有する霧化した水溶液及びAu含有前駆体化合物を含有する霧化した水溶液を、噴霧によって該循環運動させている触媒担体のバルクと接触させるステップ、
(c)Au含有前駆体化合物を含有する霧化した水溶液を、ステップ(b)で得られた触媒担体と接触させるステップ、及び
(d)ステップ(c)で得られた触媒担体を、非酸化雰囲気中での温度処理に供することによって金属還元するステップ、によって特徴付けられる。
成形体に対する距離:5.00mm
タイムラグ:0.80秒
送りタイプ:6D
速度:0.60mm/秒
触媒A1を製造するために、KA−Zr14担体(5mm球、ZrO2含有量14%、空気中での750℃で4時間の予備か焼)2200gを、InnojetのPilotcoater IAC−5中で、70℃において、2.8%濃度のPd(NH3)4(OH)2溶液1027.38g(噴霧速度30%、すなわち18g/分の質量流量)、及び、5.21%濃度のKAuO2溶液230.06g及び水100mlから成る混合溶液で塗工し(噴霧速度30%、すなわち18g/分の質量流量)、続いてその場で、Pilotcoater中、87℃で40分間乾燥させた。その後、H2/N25%の気相中で、160℃で4時間還元させた。最後に触媒前駆体に、水性KOAc溶液(1.087モル=10.565重量%水性KOAc溶液1358ml;2モルのKOAc原液738.11を水619.95mlで希釈することにより製造した)を細孔充填法(incipient wetness)に基づいて室温で含浸させ、1時間放置し、その後、渦流層乾燥器内で、90℃で45分間乾燥させた。このやり方で、触媒の総重量に基づいて、Pdの量が1.2重量%、及びAuの量が0.5重量%の触媒A1が得られた。すべての例の元素分析は、触媒を粉砕して溶剤に溶かしてから、ICP Spectro Arcosを用いて実施した。
触媒A2は、以下の相違を除いて触媒A1と同様に製造した。
2.8%濃度のPd(NH3)4(OH)2溶液46.65g
5.2%濃度のKAuO2溶液8.36g
還元は150℃で4時間行われた。このやり方で、触媒の総重量に基づいてPdの量が1.2重量%及びAuの量が0.4重量%の触媒A2が得られた。
触媒A1と同じやり方で触媒A3及びA4を製造し、相違点は、下記の量のAu及びPdを含有する触媒が得られるようにAuの量を相応に変化させたことであった。
A3:Pd:1.2重量% Au:0.6重量%
A4:Pd:1.2重量% Au:0.7重量%
重量%はそれぞれ触媒の総重量に対する金属の割合に関する。
触媒Bは、以下の相違を除いて触媒A2のように製造した。
3.415%濃度のPd溶液31.84g
5.21%濃度のAu溶液10.43g
塗工の際、コーティング温度を昇温させた。すなわちコーティング温度をコーティング工程中に55℃から70℃に上昇させた。
触媒Cは触媒Bのように製造し、相違点は、コートの際にコーティング工程中の温度を70℃から55℃に下げたことであった。
触媒Dを製造するために、KA−Zr14担体(5mm球、ZrO2含有率14%、空気中での750℃で4時間の予備か焼)2200gを、InnojetのPilotcoater IAC−5内で、70℃で、2.8%濃度のPd(NH3)4(OH)2溶液1027.38gと、5.21%濃度のKAuO2溶液230.06gと、水100mlとから成る混合溶液で塗工し(噴霧速度30%、すなわち18g/分の質量流量で)、続いてその場で、Pilotcoater内で、87℃で40分間乾燥させた。その後、得られた触媒担体100gを準備し、水100ml中5.21%濃度のKAuO2溶液2.06gをLaborcoater IAC−025内で、70℃で塗工し(噴霧速度30%、すなわち3.5〜5g/分の質量流量)、その後、渦流層乾燥器内で、90℃で45分間乾燥させ、その後、H2/N25%の気相中で、150℃/4時間で還元させ、最後に比較例1でのようにKOAc溶液を含浸させ、最終的に渦流層において90℃/45分で乾燥させた。このやり方で、Pd含有率1.2重量%及びAu含有率0.6重量%の後金めっきされた触媒が得られた。
触媒Eは触媒Dのように製造したが、唯一の違いは、5.21%濃度のKAuO2溶液4.12gを用いたことであった。このやり方で、Pd含有率1.2重量%及びAu含有率0.7重量%の後金めっきされた触媒が得られた。
このために酢酸、エチレン、及び酸素を、温度140℃/12時間→143℃/12時間→146℃/12時間(スクリーニング・プロトコルの自動化処理の際に順番に開始されるそれぞれの反応温度であり、要するに、反応器温度140℃で12時間測定し、その後143℃で12時間、その後146℃で12時間測定する)、及び圧力6.5barで、それぞれの触媒A1〜A4及びB〜Eにより誘導した。使用した成分の濃度は、エチレン39%、O26%、CO20.6%、メタン9%、酢酸12.5%、残りはN2であった。
Claims (17)
- (a)触媒担体のバルクを循環運動させるステップ、
(b)Pd含有前駆体化合物及びAu含有前駆体化合物を含有する霧化した水溶液を、噴霧によって該循環運動させている触媒担体のバルクと接触させるか、又はPd含有前駆体化合物を含有する霧化した水溶液及びAu含有前駆体化合物を含有する霧化した水溶液を、噴霧によって該循環運動させている触媒担体のバルクと接触させるステップ、
(c)Au含有前駆体化合物を含有する霧化した水溶液を、ステップ(b)で得られた触媒担体と接触させるステップ、及び
(d)ステップ(c)で得られた触媒担体を、非酸化雰囲気中での温度処理に供することによって金属還元するステップ、
を含むエッグシェル型触媒の製造方法。 - ステップ(c)における接触のとき、該循環運動させている触媒担体のバルクに対して溶液が噴霧される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 温度処理が、40℃〜500℃の範囲内で遂行される、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 前記循環運動が、プロセスガスによって行われる、請求項1〜3のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
- 前記循環運動が、流動床又は渦流層において行われる、請求項1〜4のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
- 前記触媒担体のバルクの重量に対する、ステップ(b)又は(c)において噴霧する溶液の重量の比率が0.005〜0.1の範囲内にある、請求項1〜5のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
- ステップ(b)の後の触媒担体が、触媒担体の総重量に基づいてPdを0.5〜2.5重量%の範囲内の割合で有する、請求項1〜6のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
- ステップ(b)の後の触媒担体が、触媒担体の総重量に対してAuを0.2〜1.0重量%の範囲内の割合で有する、請求項1〜7のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
- 前記エッグシェル型触媒が、そのエッグシェル型触媒の総重量に基づいてAuを0.25〜1.2重量%の範囲内の割合で有する、請求項1〜8のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
- 前記Pd含有前駆体化合物が、次の群、すなわち、硝酸塩化合物、亜硝酸塩化合物、酢酸塩化合物、テトラアンミン化合物、ジアンミン化合物、炭酸水素塩化合物、水酸化物のメタラート化合物、及びその混合物からの化合物である、請求項1〜9のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
- ステップ(b)及び(c)におけるAu含有前駆体化合物が、互いに独立して、次の群、すなわち酢酸塩化合物、亜硝酸塩化合物又は硝酸塩化合物、及び水酸化物のメタラート化合物からの化合物である、請求項1〜10のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
- Au含有前駆体化合物が、それぞれ互いに独立して、NaAuO2、KAuO2、LiAuO2、又はRbAuO2である、請求項1〜11のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
- 非酸化雰囲気が還元剤を含有する、請求項1〜12のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
- 還元剤が水素である、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 担体に、温度処理後にKOAcを含浸させる、請求項1〜14のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
- 請求項1〜15のいずれか一つに記載の方法に基づいて得られるエッグシェル型触媒。
- オレフィンのオキシアセチル化における請求項16に記載のエッグシェル型触媒の使用。
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DE102012003232A DE102012003232A1 (de) | 2012-02-20 | 2012-02-20 | Nachvergoldung von Pd-Au-gecoateten Schalenkatalysatoren |
DE102012003232.3 | 2012-02-20 | ||
PCT/EP2013/053230 WO2013124252A1 (de) | 2012-02-20 | 2013-02-19 | Nachvergoldung von pd-au-gecoateten schalenkatalysatoren |
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DE102012003236A1 (de) * | 2012-02-20 | 2013-08-22 | Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) Gmbh | Vorvergoldung von Pd-Au-gecoateten Schalenkatalysatoren |
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EP4201519A1 (de) * | 2021-12-21 | 2023-06-28 | Clariant International Ltd | Schalenkatalysator zur herstellung von alkenylcarbonsäureestern mit verbesserter pd- und au-verteilung |
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JP2010535607A (ja) * | 2007-05-31 | 2010-11-25 | ズード−ケミー アーゲー | ドーピングされたPd/Auシェル触媒、その製造方法、及びその使用 |
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BRPI0518825A2 (pt) * | 2004-12-20 | 2008-12-09 | Celanese Int Corp | materias de suporte modificados para catalisadores |
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